Abstract:
:In a questionnaire administered to a general population sample of 1673 adults, a 14-item scale of social desirability was divided into two groups of questions, almost evenly divided between desirable and undesirable behaviour, the percentage answering 'true' was higher when the question was asked early than when it was asked late. The difference was statistically significant for five of the 11, four of them relating to socially undesirable behaviour. The results indicate that responses can be dependent on the location of questions in a questionnaire, and that the effect of question location may not be the same for groups with different personal characteristics. For this reason, it seems unwise to alter the administration or design of a questionnaire in any way if the results are to be compared directly to those of other studies, unless the altered questionnaire is standardized against the original version.
journal_name
Int J Epidemioljournal_title
International journal of epidemiologyauthors
Helsing KJ,Comstock GWdoi
10.1093/ije/5.2.125subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1976-06-01 00:00:00pages
125-30issue
2eissn
0300-5771issn
1464-3685journal_volume
5pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Computerized record linkage is commonly used in cohort studies to ascertain the study outcome, and as such its accuracy classifying the outcome can be described using the standard epidemiological terms of sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV). METHOD:We describe a 'duplicate method' to calculate t...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/ije/31.6.1246
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the possible association between Alzheimer's disease and late maternal age at index birth, we conducted a collaborative re-analysis of existing case-control data sets. Of the 11 studies participating in the EURODEM project, four were included in the analyses regarding maternal age. In all four studies, ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1093/ije/20.supplement_2.s21
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Melioidosis, or infection with Pseudomonas pseudomallei is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in South East Asia and Northern Australia. The epidemiology of melioidosis in Ubon Ratchatani, Northeast Thailand was studied over a 5-year period from 1987 to 1991. METHODS:Rates and, when possible, the...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/23.5.1082
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In tropical Africa, parasitic and infective diseases remain the predominant causes of mortality and morbidity, and health and epidemiological services are poorly developed. Experience elsewhere has shown the value of surveillance in the control of communicable diseases and this paper contains a brief review of the use...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/5.1.39
更新日期:1976-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Potential benefits of preventing continued alcohol intake in individuals presenting at the hospital with an alcohol problem can be highlighted by studying their excess risk of subsequent morbidity and mortality. METHODS:All Danish residents with a first-time hospital contact with alcohol problems (intoxicat...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyz159
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The purpose of a negative control is to reproduce a condition that cannot involve the hypothesized causal mechanism, but does involve the same sources of bias and confounding that may distort the primary association of interest. Observational studies suggest physical inactivity is a major risk factor for car...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyy272
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A person to person outbreak of hepatitis A is described: 90 cases of hepatitis A occurred in a small town in Calabria, southern Italy; all cases were under 18 years of age with the highest age-specific incidence rate in the 6-10 year age group. Transmission was identified by tracing close contacts with other incubatin...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/15.1.108
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kersa HDSS was established in 12 sub-districts of Kersa district, Eastern Hararge, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. The site is principally rural with two small towns (Kersa and Weter). The baseline census was conducted in 2007 and since then has been updated every 6 months, with registration of demographic and health events....
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyv284
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In both seasonal and inter-town variation, the mortality from ischaemic heart disease in England and Wales in 1969-71 is very highly correlated with temperature. Also in the inter-town variation, IHD mortality is highly correlated with rainfall and with socio-economic index. It is postulated that the same mechanism of...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/5.2.195
更新日期:1976-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::An analysis is made of the association between density factors and the profile of cause specific death rates in small areas (Bezirke) of Hannover, Germany, in 1968-69. Evaluation of urban ecological methods and logic is done to determine the plausibility of making meaningful statements about cause specific death risks...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/6.3.203
更新日期:1977-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To develop a profile of non-biochemical coronary risks for the South Asian population (predominantly Punjabi with origins in the Indian subcontinent) and the general population in Glasgow, with a focus on dietary patterns, and potential causes of stress. DESIGN:Cross-sectional survey of South Asian men and ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/23.1.28
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This discussion of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in less developed countries covers incidence/prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, sequelae, future trends, and new opportunities for STD control -- technological changes, health service changes, and social and political changes. For most countries, current, pop...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/ije/14.4.505
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Predictions of primary liver cancer (PLC) incidence rates and case numbers are critical to understand and plan for PLC disease burden. METHODS:Data on PLC incidence rates and case numbers from 1990 to 2017 were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease database. The estimated average percentage change (EA...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyaa196
更新日期:2020-12-08 00:00:00
abstract::Age-standardized cancer death rates in Puerto Rican-born males and females residing in New York City have been calculated for 1979-81, and compared with those for white non-Puerto Rican-born people. For all population groups the rates in 1979-81 have been compared with rates in 1969-71. For some cancer sites, in parti...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/15.1.30
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Spot checks are becoming a popular method to assess hygiene behaviours; however, little is known about their repeatability or predictability. We evaluated the within-household repeatability of hygiene indices created from spot checks and their ability to predict incidence of diarrhoea in young Guatemalan chi...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyl165
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Identifying mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in midlife could improve early identification of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Also, AD is highly heritable, but the heritability of MCI has not been established. We estimated prevalence rates, association with premorbid general cognitive ability (GCA) and heritability...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyt242
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A matched case-control study among cervical cancer patients in Denmark was conducted to evaluate the possible influence of radiation therapy on leukaemia risk. Among 25718 women treated between 1943-1977, 27 cases of leukaemia occurred one or more years after diagnosis. Four controls were matched to each case on age, ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/14.3.363
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A random population sample from Eastern Finland was studied. Altogether approximately 12 000 persons aged 25 to 59 years were examined with participation rate of 92%. Smoking, high saturated fat diet, increased serum cholesterol and elevated blood pressure showed clustering among men but not among women. Smoking tende...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/10.3.203
更新日期:1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:MOTIVATION:RVPedigree (Rare Variant association tests in Pedigrees) implements a suite of programs facilitating genome-wide analysis of association between a quantitative trait and autosomal region-based genetic variation. The main features here are the ability to appropriately test for association of rare variants wit...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyw047
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Results from some retrospective studies suggest a possible increased risk of glioma and acoustic neuroma in users of mobile phones. METHODS:The relation between mobile phone use and incidence of intracranial central nervous system (CNS) tumours and other cancers was examined in 791,710 middle-aged women in ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyt072
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Evaluation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention strategies requires an on-going follow up of the frequency of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection. The aim of this study was to examine the trends in prevalence and incidence of HIV-1 infection among injecting drug users (IDU) duri...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/28.2.335
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of orphanhood among children has been greatly exacerbated by the HIV/AIDS pandemic. If orphanhood harms a child's development and these effects perpetuate into adult life, then the African orphan crisis could seriously jeopardize the continent's future generations. Wheth...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyn197
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study is an attempt to apply Markov process modelling to health status switching behaviour of infants. The data for the study consist of monthly records of diagnosed illnesses for 1152 children, each observed from the month of first contact with Kasangati Health Centre, Kampala, Uganda, until age 18 mon...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/24.1.177
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:An analysis of the associations between dietary and non-dietary variables and serum total cholesterol (Total-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was performed using data from the Scottish Heart Health Study--a cross-sectional survey of men (n = 5123) and women (n = 5236), aged 40-59. Subjects...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/20.1.95
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using routinely collected maternity discharge data from 250,000 women in Scotland, we examined the risks of late spontaneous abortion and preterm delivery during the period 20 up to 36 weeks of gestation. Gestational age is treated as a fetal survival time and the risks of delivery associated with a history of spontan...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/20.2.456
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:High maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) is associated with increased risk of offspring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the role of unmeasured familial confounding for this association remains unclear. METHODS:We conducted a population-based cohort study via linkage of Swe...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyt152
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aetiology confronts two distinct issues: the determinants of individual cases, and the determinants of incidence rate. If exposure to a necessary agent is homogeneous within a population, then case/control and cohort methods will fail to detect it: they will only identify markers of susceptibility. The corresponding s...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/14.1.32
更新日期:1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It is unclear when in the life course do social inequalities in inflammation emerge. We examined whether the association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) is determined at conception, in childhood, adolescence or adulthood in 1484 participants from the population-based Cardiov...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dym244
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Most HIV infections originate from individuals who are undiagnosed and unaware of their infection. Estimation of this quantity from surveillance data is hard because there is incomplete knowledge about (i) the time between infection and diagnosis (TI) for the general population, and (ii) the time between imm...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyz100
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:During pregnancy, woman and fetus exchange small quantities of cells, and their persistence at later times is termed microchimerism. Microchimerism is known to substantially impact on women's later health. This study examined the survival of women according to male microchimerism status. METHODS:Male microc...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyt230
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00