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Genetic and environmental factors affecting birth size variation: a pooled individual-based analysis of secular trends and global geographical differences using 26 twin cohorts.

Abstract：

Background:The genetic architecture of birth size may differ geographically and over time. We examined differences in the genetic and environmental contributions to birthweight, length and ponderal index (PI) across geographical-cultural regions (Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia) and across birth cohorts, and how gestational age modifies these effects. Methods:Data from 26 twin cohorts in 16 countries including 57 613 monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs were pooled. Genetic and environmental variations of birth size were estimated using genetic structural equation modelling. Results:The variance of birthweight and length was predominantly explained by shared environmental factors, whereas the variance of PI was explained both by shared and unique environmental factors. Genetic variance contributing to birth size was small. Adjusting for gestational age decreased the proportions of shared environmental variance and increased the propositions of unique environmental variance. Genetic variance was similar in the geographical-cultural regions, but shared environmental variance was smaller in East Asia than in Europe and North America and Australia. The total variance and shared environmental variance of birth length and PI were greater from the birth cohort 1990-99 onwards compared with the birth cohorts from 1970-79 to 1980-89. Conclusions:The contribution of genetic factors to birth size is smaller than that of shared environmental factors, which is partly explained by gestational age. Shared environmental variances of birth length and PI were greater in the latest birth cohorts and differed also across geographical-cultural regions. Shared environmental factors are important when explaining differences in the variation of birth size globally and over time.

journal_name

Int J Epidemiol

journal_title

International journal of epidemiology

authors

Yokoyama Y,Jelenkovic A,Hur YM,Sund R,Fagnani C,Stazi MA,Brescianini S,Ji F,Ning F,Pang Z,Knafo-Noam A,Mankuta D,Abramson L,Rebato E,Hopper JL,Cutler TL,Saudino KJ,Nelson TL,Whitfield KE,Corley RP,Huibregtse BM,

doi

10.1093/ije/dyy081

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2018-08-01 00:00:00

pages

1195-1206

issue

eissn

0300-5771

issn

1464-3685

pii

4999873

journal_volume

pub_type

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Genetic and environmental factors affecting birth size variation: a pooled individual-based analysis of secular trends and global geographical differences using 26 twin cohorts.