Abstract:
:There is increasing recognition that the concepts traditionally taught by epidemiologists are essential for all medical graduates, most of whom will be clinicians, and not just for the minority who will specialize in population-based disciplines. This paper presents the recommendations of a Canadian conference which considered objectives for teaching epidemiology to medical undergraduates. These objectives are presented as the attitudes, knowledge and skills medical students should acquire. Recommendations concentrate on what should be learned, rather than what should be taught, or who should teach it. It was the concensus that epidemiologists are responsible for assuring that basic epidemiological attitudes, knowledge and skills be acquired, though the subjects need not be taught exclusively by epidemiologists themselves.
journal_name
Int J Epidemioljournal_title
International journal of epidemiologyauthors
Jenicek M,Fletcher RHdoi
10.1093/ije/6.1.69subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1977-03-01 00:00:00pages
69-72issue
1eissn
0300-5771issn
1464-3685journal_volume
6pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite the widespread use of household surveys to assess the epidemiology of illicit drug use and abuse, there is very little information about the willingness of respondents to disclose their use of drugs in household studies outside the US. METHODS:As part of a household study of substance use disorders ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/30.5.1042
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A community survey was conducted in 1989 in Conakry, Guinea to determine reasons for low vaccination coverage. Some 377 children aged 12-23 months and their guardians were studied, of whom 204 (54%) had vaccination records. According to their records 19% of children were fully and correctly vaccinated. Thirty-nine inc...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/20.4.1099
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many of the known or suspected risk factors of sex hormone-dependent cancers in women (low parity, delay in childbearing, etc) are typical features of modern reproductive behaviour. Within the USSR regional variations in principal reproductive characteristics and the incidence of breast and cervical cancers have been ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/18.3.498
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Longitudinal cohort studies in sub-Saharan Africa are urgently needed to understand cardiovascular disease development. We, therefore, explored health behaviours and conventional risk factors of African individuals with optimal blood pressure (BP) (≤ 120/80 mm Hg), and their 5-year prediction for the develop...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dys106
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Exposure to a pre-natal famine environment has been associated with a persistent decrease in DNA methylation of the IGF2 gene, although study findings on other loci have been highly variable. There have been no studies to date of the relation between pre-natal famine and overall global DNA methylation in adu...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyr137
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:During the past decades a widening of the relative gap in death rates between upper and lower socioeconomic groups has been reported for several European countries. Although differential mortality decline for cardiovascular diseases has been suggested as an important contributory factor, it is not known what...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/ije/dyg209
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although several public health organizations have recommended population-wide reduction in salt intake, the evidence on the population benefits remains unclear. We conducted a metaknowledge analysis of the literature on salt intake and health outcomes. METHODS:We identified reports--primary studies, systema...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/ije/dyv184
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Violent criminality is at least moderately heritable, but the mechanisms behind this remain largely unexplained. Height, a highly heritable trait, may be involved but no study has estimated the effect of height on crime while simultaneously accounting for important demographic, biological and other heritable...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyt274
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Birbhum HDSS was established in 2008 and covers 351 villages in four administrative blocks in rural areas of Birbhum district of West Bengal, India. The project currently follows 54 585 individuals living in 12557 households. The population being followed up is economically underprivileged and socially marginalize...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/ije/dyu228
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It is widely believed that children of high socioeconomic status (SES) are more likely than those of low SES to develop acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Such observations have led to wide-ranging speculations about the potential aetiological role of factors associated with affluence and modernization. M...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyl193
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genital herpes infection is life-long and may result in painful and recurrent genital lesions, systemic complications, serious psychosocial morbidity, and rare but serious outcomes in neonates born to infected women, including permanent neurological handicap and death. Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2 is the principal cau...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/ije/26.4.698
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic diseases are a global problem, yet information on their determinants is generally scant in low- and middle-income countries. The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) aims to contribute relevant information regarding the development and progression of clinical and subclinical chronic disea...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyu027
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Maternal co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been implicated as a potentially important co-factor for enhanced vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV). In previous reports, however, methodological issues (notably small sample sizes) have limited accurate evaluation of the contri...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1093/ije/dyg107
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1983 and 1984, surveys were conducted in four Chinese population samples, urban and rural for both Beijing and Guangzhou, as part of PRC-USA collaborative research in cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary epidemiology. Serum total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were measured in 4280 ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/21.5.893
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two hundred and ninety-nine of 428 patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Kuwait during 1978 were matched with hospitalized controls by sex, nationality, and same year of age. Patients were almost six times as likely as controls to be smokers (odds ratio [OR] = 5.6; 95% confidence limits [CL] = 2...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/11.4.368
更新日期:1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::An extensive area of rural Ireland was monitored in detail for natural background radiation (NBR); average background radiation values were derived for all District Electoral Divisions (DEDs) in this area. Cancer mortality rates were calculated for the DEDs aggregated according to average NBR. No association was appar...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/12.4.414
更新日期:1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women and the incidence has increased over time. Our objectives were to study: (1) the socioeconomic differences in breast cancer incidence and mortality in Denmark, (2) how different socioeconomic groups have contributed to the increasing incidence, (3) whether t...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyg049
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To examine the association of a mismatch between educational qualifications and occupational attainment and subsequent declines in self-rated health (SRH) in a longitudinal nationally representative Canadian population sample. METHODS:This study used longitudinal data from 4045 healthy, working respondents ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyi047
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Present understanding of increased risk of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related infectious mononucleosis among children of low birth order or small sibships is mainly based on old and indirect evidence. Societal changes and methodological limitations of previous studies call for new data. METHODS:We used data f...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyu118
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:This paper investigates trends in suicide rate, the reasons for and means of suicide and the occupation of deceased, to prioritize suicide prevention activities in India and to highlight the limitations to data quality for surveillance. Methods:Data available in the public domain from the National Crimes Re...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyw113
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of gonorrhoea and chlamydial infections and to determine sexual and demographic correlates for these sexually transmitted diseases (STD) among visitors of an STD clinic. METHODS:In 1994, a cross-sectional study was carried out among 2984 consecutive ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/26.6.1373
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article investigates the interrelationship of socioeconemic status, anthropometric status and mortality of young children in rural Bangladesh. Data for this study come from Matlab, the vital registration area of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, where anthropometric and socioec...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/23.6.1179
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid autoantibodies (TAA) to either microsome or thyroglobulin were measured in 1251 samples from the general population, 546 males and 705 females, aged 40 or over in Hisayama, a Japanese rural town. TAA was positive in 7.7% of men ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/16.4.545
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The protective effect of a vaccine following an outbreak is often measured by the vaccine efficacy statistic, namely one minus the ratio of attack rates in vaccinees and non-vaccinees. This quantity is not an adequate measure of the population-level benefits of the vaccine. METHODS:We discuss two measures o...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/24.6.1249
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Extended breastfeeding is known to benefit the health of children in developing countries and despite widespread expectations of a decline in breastfeeding in these countries, it has been demonstrated that the incidence and duration of breastfeeding are in fact increasing many countries. METHODS:In this pap...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/25.1.94
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, the residential exposure to radon daughters has become a cause for concern as a contributing factor for lung cancer. In order to evaluate the population's risk consequences of different interpretations of the results of epidemiological studies in cohorts of uranium miners, a simulation model has been ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/19.supplement_1.s73
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We conducted this combined analysis of available data from studies with information on this issue to clarify the association between Trichomonas vaginalis infection and cervical neoplasia. METHODS:We performed MEDLINE searches (1966-1993) using the key words and phrases 'trichomonas vaginitis' and 'neoplasm...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1093/ije/23.4.682
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In many western countries an increase in incidence of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and/or gastric cardia have been reported. The aim of this study was to describe and compare trends in incidence of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and gastric cardia in several areas of Europe, 1968-1995, using Eurocim (a...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/ije/29.4.645
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The predisposing and precipitating causes of acute myocardial infarction (MI) are multiple; furthermore, different individuals may have different susceptibility, to a large extent genetically determined, to each of them. In spite of the complex aetiology of MI and of our limited knowledge of the causes responsible for...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/ije/30.suppl_1.s41
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFbeta1) is a multifunctional signalling molecule with a wide array of roles. Animal experiments suggest that TGFbeta1 plays a biphasic role in carcinogenesis by protecting against the early formation of benign epithelial growths, but promoting malignant transformation of t...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyh102
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00