Abstract：
:Corporate influences on epidemiology have become stronger and more pervasive in the last few decades, particularly in the contentious fields of pharmacoepidemiology and occupational epidemiology. For every independent epidemiologist studying the side effects of medicines and the hazardous effects of industrial chemicals, there are several other epidemiologists hired by industry to attack the research and to debunk it as 'junk science'. In some instances these activities have gone as far as efforts to block publication. In many instances, academics have accepted industry funding which has not been acknowledged, and only the academic affiliations of the company-funded consultants have been listed. These activities are major threats to the integrity of the field, and its survival as a scientific discipline. There is no simple solution to these problems. However, for the last two decades there has been substantial discussion on ethics in epidemiology, partly in response to the unethical conduct of many industry-funded consultants. Professional organizations, such as the International Epidemiological Association, can play a major role in encouraging and supporting epidemiologists to assert positive principles of how science should work, and how it should be applied to public policy decisions, rather than simply having a list of what not to do.
journal_name
Int J Epidemioljournal_title
International journal of epidemiologyauthors
Pearce Ndoi
10.1093/ije/dym270subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-02-01 00:00:00pages
46-53issue
1eissn
0300-5771issn
1464-3685pii
dym270journal_volume
37pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：BACKGROUND:A recent monograph by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has identified indoor air pollution from coal usage as a known human carcinogen, while that from biomass as a probable human carcinogen. Although as much as 74% of the Indian population relies on solid fuels for cooking, very little...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1093/ije/dym261
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Increasing life expectancy has brought public health concern about the increase in prevalence of disability in old age. Reducing the prevalence of disability in older age requires the identification of preventable or modifiable risk factors earlier in life. We have examined the relationship between lifestyle...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Epidemiology in Latin America, as in the rest of the world, has been developed for the purpose of contributing towards understanding the causes and determinants of the phenomena of health and disease in specific contexts. However, in that continent it has specific characteristics. METHODS:The paper explores...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/ije/dyh113
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This study investigated whether patients with a history of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are at increased risk of developing psoriasis. METHODS:We enrolled 66 274 patients with HPV infection between 1997 and 2013 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, and compared them with cont...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyaa027
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Non-medical factors may be important determinants for granting disability pension (DP) even though disability is medically defined, as in Norway. The aim of this analysis was to identify determinants of DP in a total county population in a 10-year follow-up study. METHODS:Participants were people without DP...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/31.6.1183
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aboriginal communities have a high prevalence of upper and lower respiratory tract disease. One thousand two hundred and eighty seven West Australian Aborigines and 265 non-Aborigines were examined. Twenty nine per cent of Aborigines had lower respiratory tract abnormalities. Amongst 635 Aboriginal children less than ...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/12.1.105
更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Social inequities and their relation to health form a topic of growing concern in the Netherlands. The present investigation on educational level and mortality was carried out in a cohort of men born in 1932, examined for military service in 1950/1951 and for whom vital statistics could be obtained. In the group of 78...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/19.2.374
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Despite reporting lower levels of alcohol consumption, people with lower socio-economic status (SES) experience greater alcohol-related harm. Whether differential biases in the measurement of alcohol use could explain this apparent paradox is unknown. Using alcohol biomarkers to account for measurement error...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyaa113
更新日期：2021-01-23 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Increasing physical activity (PA) and reducing sedentary behaviour (SB) have been associated with healthy ageing, but their effects when adjusted for reverse causation and selection bias remain unclear. METHODS:A deficits accumulation (DA) index based on the number and severity of 51 health deficits (0-100%...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyaa228
更新日期：2020-11-05 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Violent criminality is at least moderately heritable, but the mechanisms behind this remain largely unexplained. Height, a highly heritable trait, may be involved but no study has estimated the effect of height on crime while simultaneously accounting for important demographic, biological and other heritable...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyt274
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mortality and cancer incidence were analysed in follow-up of a cohort of 3327 Vietnamese refugees who came to Britain after the end of the Vietnam war. Overall mortality of the refugees was very low compared to expectations based on England and Wales national rates: the all-cause standardized mortality ratio for males...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/20.1.13
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are of great help when researchers try to understand the nature of causal relationships and the consequences of conditioning on different variables. One fundamental feature of causal relations that has not been incorporated into the standard DAG framework is interaction, i.e. w...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyaa211
更新日期：2020-11-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Associations between drug consumption during pregnancy and the birth of children with oral clefts were studied in material from the Finnish Register of Congenital Malformations, consisting of 599 children with clefts and their matched controls. Information concerning maternal drug consumption was partly prospective. D...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/4.1.37
更新日期：1975-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The paper reports on the trends of induced abortion in Italy since its legalization in 1978. Data collected through the national surveillance system show that the abortion rates and ratios in Italy, after an initial increase, have been stable in the last four years, and are comparable to those of other European countr...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/15.3.343
更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper contains part of the results of a repetitive and comprehensive analysis of accidents among bus drivers. In a series of articles different aspects of the aetiology of bus drivers' accidents will be highlighted. The results presented indicate a strong negative association of experience with accident risk, mod...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/16.1.35
更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Recently, using a counterfactual framework, a causal mediation analysis has been formalized to decompose the total effect of a time-fixed exposure on an outcome into four components that can be loosely defined as being components due to mediation only, interaction only, mediated interaction and neither. The ...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyy252
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A serological survey of 300 Israeli intravenous drug addicts in 1988-1989, showed a 2.3% prevalence of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), very similar to the finding of a previous study (2%) performed in the same population in 1986. Travel and drug injection abroad continue to be the most significant pr...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/21.3.561
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background:An increasing number of original studies suggest that exposure to shift work could be associated with the risk of overweight and obesity, but the results remain conflicted and inconclusive. This study aimed to quantitatively synthesize available epidemiological evidence on the association between shift work ...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1093/ije/dyy079
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Cost effective use of new vaccines against pneumococcal disease in children requires detailed information about the local epidemiology of pneumococcal infections. METHODS:Data on 393 culture-confirmed cases of invasive pneumococcal infection in children (<17 years) hospitalized in Swiss paediatric clinics w...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1093/ije/27.6.1101
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite the extreme differences in the incidence of lung cancer between black and white Americans of each sex, little information is available on the sex-race-specific lung cancer risk due to tobacco use. In the current study, case-control data were examined for sex-race differences in the lung cancer risk associated ...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/22.4.592
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Although several public health organizations have recommended population-wide reduction in salt intake, the evidence on the population benefits remains unclear. We conducted a metaknowledge analysis of the literature on salt intake and health outcomes. METHODS:We identified reports--primary studies, systema...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/ije/dyv184
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:An ideological climate has persisted in Korea that has discouraged public discussion of social inequalities. Thus studies on inequalities in mortality remain undeveloped. This study is to examine age- and cause-specific socioeconomic mortality differentials for both men and women representative of the Korean...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyg244
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous studies have assessed the relative importance of material, psychosocial and behavioural factors in the explanation of relative socio-economic inequalities in mortality, but research into the contribution of biomedical factors has been limited. Our study examines the relative contribution of (i) mate...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyp262
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Evaluation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention strategies requires an on-going follow up of the frequency of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection. The aim of this study was to examine the trends in prevalence and incidence of HIV-1 infection among injecting drug users (IDU) duri...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/28.2.335
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the use of the case-study or problem-solving method of teaching epidemiology, the technique of the 'blind' problem, namely the withholding of the diagnosis of the disease until the end, presents many advantages. The student is forced to confront the purely epidemiological data without being prejudiced by his precon...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/4.4.253
更新日期：1975-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Combatting Childhood Communicable Disease (CCCD) project is a comprehensive public health programme designed to reduce child mortality by 25% through the use of the following strategies: vaccination, oral rehydration therapy, and prompt treatment for malaria. To evaluate this programme, cross-sectional surveys wer...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/22.supplement_1.s15
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To study the associations of lifestyle factors with waist circumference 'Action Levels', hip circumference and body mass index. DESIGN:Cross-sectional study in a random sample of 5887 men and 7018 women aged 20-59 years, selected from the civil registries of Amsterdam, Maastricht and Doetinchem, The Netherla...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/27.3.422
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of orphanhood among children has been greatly exacerbated by the HIV/AIDS pandemic. If orphanhood harms a child's development and these effects perpetuate into adult life, then the African orphan crisis could seriously jeopardize the continent's future generations. Wheth...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyn197
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The objective of this study is to measure the association between protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) in children and their mothers' mental health, in a low income area in the city of Embú, São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS:A case-control study was performed. Cases were 60 moderately and severely malnourished childr...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/25.1.128
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The long average incubation time from HIV infection to AIDS makes it difficult to estimate recent HIV transmission from AIDS incidence data. Age-period-cohort (APC) analysis can separate out the effects of age, calendar time and birth cohort to provide a clearer picture of transmission trends. METHODS:AIDS ...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/28.6.1141
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
