Abstract：
:The Combatting Childhood Communicable Disease (CCCD) project is a comprehensive public health programme designed to reduce child mortality by 25% through the use of the following strategies: vaccination, oral rehydration therapy, and prompt treatment for malaria. To evaluate this programme, cross-sectional surveys were conducted in neighbouring health zones in Zaire in 1984 to determine the use of selected medical services by the population and to estimate the child mortality rate before the CCCD programme began. A reinterview survey was conducted on a subsample of women previously interviewed to determine the reliability of the mortality estimates. In both health zones 84-85% of women used antenatal services, 45% of children under age 6 who had had fewer were treated with an anti-malarial drug, 19-22% of children age 12-23 months had been vaccinated against measles, and virtually no children who had had diarrhoea were treated with oral rehydration therapy. Women's underreporting of births and deaths resulted in low estimates of mortality in both surveys. The reinterview survey provided more accurate estimates of mortality and led to a better understanding of the factors influencing underreporting. The estimated infant mortality rate was 74 deaths per 1000 livebirths; and the probability of dying before age 5 was 191 per 1000. Because births and deaths reported with incomplete dates were excluded from analysis, the mortality rates from the reinterview survey are underestimates. Given the difficulty in obtaining accurate estimates of mortality, primary importance should be given to developing and improving routine health information systems that measure changes in health status and provide information to evaluate programmes.
journal_name
Int J Epidemioljournal_title
International journal of epidemiologyauthors
Taylor WR,Chahnazarian A,Weinman J,Wernette M,Roy J,Pebley AR,Bele O,Ma-Disu Mdoi
10.1093/ije/22.supplement_1.s15subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-01-01 00:00:00pages
S15-9eissn
0300-5771issn
1464-3685journal_volume
22 Suppl 1pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:Undernutrition is associated with an increased risk of death among young children in developing countries. Infant and child nutritional status and mortality were monitored in a rural area of Casamance, Senegal. METHODS:Analysis of weight measurements taken at 3-24 months of age during routine growth monitor...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyh174
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Present understanding of increased risk of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related infectious mononucleosis among children of low birth order or small sibships is mainly based on old and indirect evidence. Societal changes and methodological limitations of previous studies call for new data. METHODS:We used data f...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyu118
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The substantial disease burden attributed to heat waves, and their increasing frequency and intensity due to climate change, highlight the importance of understanding the health consequences of heat waves. We explore the mortality risk due to heat wave characteristics, including the timing in the seasons, th...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyaa104
更新日期：2021-01-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Serial blood specimens from Rh-negative pregnant women sent to laboratory for Rh antibody testing were stored and used for influenza investigations. The study period covered three epidemics, each caused by a different variant of influenza A (H3N2) virus. The relationship between pre-epidemic haemagglutination inhibiti...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/4.2.127
更新日期：1975-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The EURODEM re-analyses of 11 case-control studies of Alzheimer's disease imply that familial aggregation of dementia, Down's syndrome, and parkinsonism occurs more frequently in Alzheimer's disease than in matched controls. Prior history of head trauma, hypothyroidism, and depression also occurs in higher frequency a...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/20.supplement_2.s65
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A multidisciplinary approach to research has been one of the hallmarks of Walter Holland's outstanding career in medical research. Studies arising from evaluation of the Cancer Research Campaign's health education programme for the early detection of cutaneous malignant melanoma were reviewed at Walter's Festschrift b...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/24.supplement_1.s39
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The published data for overall cancer incidence for the registries of Birmingham (UK) and Connecticut (US) show remarkable similarity for men but diverge for women. The incidence of cancer of the endometrium, ovary and breast in Connecticut is higher than in Birmingham, and in each case the menopausal dislocation in t...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/5.3.231
更新日期：1976-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Quantitative bias analysis serves several objectives in epidemiological research. First, it provides a quantitative estimate of the direction, magnitude and uncertainty arising from systematic errors. Second, the acts of identifying sources of systematic error, writing down models to quantify them, assigning values to...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyu149
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the association between poverty, birthweight, and infant weight gain in Hertfordshire, 1923-1939. DESIGN:Cohort study based on the Hertfordshire Health Visitors' Register (HHVR). SETTING:The population of Hertfordshire, and a sub-sample of five Hertfordshire towns-Hoddesdon, Berkhampstead, He...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyh226
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A questionnaire survey was administered in January 1982 to 3090 junior high school boys and girls in Nagoya, Japan. The proportion of current regular smokers who smoke at least one cigarette per week was 3.6% for boys and 0.5% for girls. By the third grade this had increased to 6.9% and 1.2% respectively for each sex....
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/17.4.814
更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The statistical power of prospective studies on diet in relation to chronic disease risk can be improved by maximizing the variation in true intake levels actually distinguished--or 'predicted'--by dietary questionnaire assessments collected at baseline. This can be achieved by 1) developing a questionnaire method tha...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/26.suppl_1.s15
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The wide use of highly active antiretroviral therapy has led to an impressive improvement in AIDS survival after the mid-1990s in cities and countries with a high access to these medications. Notwithstanding its beneficial overall effect, antiretroviral therapy was also reported as a factor for the increase ...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyi022
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies of the health effects of a daily physical activity programme have been carried out in 10-year-old school children in Adelaide, South Australia. In the first phase (1978) observations on endurance fitness, four skin folds, blood pressure and blood lipids were made before and after a randomized trial over a peri...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/ije/12.3.308
更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A population-based case-control study was carried out in Mwanza Region, Tanzania, to determine the relative and population attributable risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection for developing active tuberculosis. Cases were 441 consecutively diagnosed patients with tuberculosis (all types), aged 1...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/22.6.1159
更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In September 1665, an outbreak of plague occurred in Eyam, a small village 10 miles west of Sheffield, in an isolated valley of Derbyshire. Eighty per cent of the population died during the 14 months of the epidemic, a greater proportion than any other community in England. When plague threatened to cause panic and de...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/15.3.379
更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to analyse both cross-sectional associations and how longitudinal changes in lifestyle factors from one state in 1980-1981 to another in 1988-1989 influence self-reported health status. Another aim was to estimate the hazard ratios for all-cause mortality for the changes in life...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/28.6.1073
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Maps of 14 cancer types in China appear to show distinctive geographical distributions, but principal components analysis reveals that they share an underlying pattern which reflects variations in urbanization. Differences in risk factors between rural and urban areas, the process of disease transition and geographica...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/15.2.268
更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Major aetiologies of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases begin in childhood and atherosclerotic vascular abnormalities can be observed among children and adolescents. Adolescent cohort studies have important advantages because they can observe earlier changes in vascular structure and function. The purpose of the ...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyv064
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of gonorrhoea and chlamydial infections and to determine sexual and demographic correlates for these sexually transmitted diseases (STD) among visitors of an STD clinic. METHODS:In 1994, a cross-sectional study was carried out among 2984 consecutive ...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/26.6.1373
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A serological survey of 300 Israeli intravenous drug addicts in 1988-1989, showed a 2.3% prevalence of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), very similar to the finding of a previous study (2%) performed in the same population in 1986. Travel and drug injection abroad continue to be the most significant pr...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/21.3.561
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To obtain age- and gender-specific estimates of the prevalence of dementia in Europe and to study differences in prevalence across countries, we pooled and re-analysed original data of prevalence studies of dementia carried out in some European countries between 1980 and 1990. The study followed these steps: census of...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/20.3.736
更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence of drug use, and how morbidity, use of health services, self-evaluated health, demographic pattern and lifestyle characteristics influence drug use in a general population. METHODS:The study was carried out in the municipality of Tromsø, Norway. A sample...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/23.6.1262
更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:The dietary intakes of 90 confirmed primary liver cancer cases were compared against 90 age-sex matched controls. Dietary recall, obtained by the same nutritionist, was taken for each change of residence lasting one year or more. The frequency and amounts of food items consumed were calculated into units of ...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/11.2.112
更新日期：1982-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Extended breastfeeding is known to benefit the health of children in developing countries and despite widespread expectations of a decline in breastfeeding in these countries, it has been demonstrated that the incidence and duration of breastfeeding are in fact increasing many countries. METHODS:In this pap...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/25.1.94
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Ready-made spectacles (RMS) have advantages; however, visual performance and satisfaction has not been evaluated. METHODS:A 1-month, double-masked, randomized clinical trial comparing planned continued use and visual performance of RMS to Custom Spectacles (CS) in adults aged 18-45 years with > or =1 diopte...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/ije/dyp384
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined the degree and type of changes in adolescent smoking status that occurred over an eight-year period, when the group was in grades four to six, to late adolescence and early adulthood. Where changes in smoking occurred, they were more likely to be in the direction of increased (57.7%), as compared t...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/ije/15.4.519
更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The immune adherence haemagglutination assay (IAHA), widely used for human viral disease diagnosis, has been adapted for detection of rabies virus antibodies in dog sera. Rabies virus antibody titres obtained by the IAHA correlated well with those obtained by the currently accepted test for rabies antibody determinati...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/16.3.472
更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A study was made in five rural districts of Kwara State, Nigeria to assess the possible use of 'leopard skin' (Ls) as a rapid diagnostic technique for estimating the endemicity of African onchocerciasis. The findings revealed that there is a positive association between the percentage of subjects with skin microfilari...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/16.4.590
更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many of the known or suspected risk factors of sex hormone-dependent cancers in women (low parity, delay in childbearing, etc) are typical features of modern reproductive behaviour. Within the USSR regional variations in principal reproductive characteristics and the incidence of breast and cervical cancers have been ...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/18.3.498
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Methodological issues concerning the collection and analysis of daily morbidity data in community studies in developing countries are discussed. The effects of recall period and inter-observer variation on symptom prevalence are considered in the context of a longitudinal study in The Gambia, in which prevalence fell ...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/23.4.757
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
