Abstract:
:A study was made in five rural districts of Kwara State, Nigeria to assess the possible use of 'leopard skin' (Ls) as a rapid diagnostic technique for estimating the endemicity of African onchocerciasis. The findings revealed that there is a positive association between the percentage of subjects with skin microfilariae (mf) and the percentage with Ls. The prevalence of Ls less than 1% suggests communities with sporadic infection, 1-6% suggests hypoendemic communities and greater than 6% suggests meso- or hyperendemic communities, using mf rates of less than 10%, 10-39%, 40-69% and 70% or greater as the standard to classify sporadic, hypoendemic, mesoendemic and hyperendemic levels of the infection, respectively. The unique merits of Ls as a potential onchocercal index are presented.
journal_name
Int J Epidemioljournal_title
International journal of epidemiologyauthors
Edungbola LD,Alabi TO,Oni GA,Asaolu SO,Ogunbanjo BO,Parakoyi BDdoi
10.1093/ije/16.4.590subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1987-12-01 00:00:00pages
590-4issue
4eissn
0300-5771issn
1464-3685journal_volume
16pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Prospective data from the Matlab surveillance area in rural Bangladesh, 1974-1982, were used in this study to show that divorced and never-married adults (aged 15-44 years) had significantly higher mortality than their currently married peers with differences in disability status accounting for some of this excess ris...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/22.3.445
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Nicotine dependence is a significant public health problem. This study attempted to characterize the prevalence and familial aggregation of nicotine dependence in China. METHODS:In 1998, we initiated a community-based cross-sectional study among residents of the Yuexi County in Anqing, China. A total of 991...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trachoma was considered to have been 'eradicated' from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, until 1982 when a number of new cases of trachoma were reported in preschool children in Bebedouro, a small town in northwestern São Paulo. A household survey was undertaken to assess the prevalence and epidemiological characteristi...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parental occupational exposures to chemical carcinogens have been associated with malignancies in offspring. Recent studies have raised the issue that electromagnetic fields may play a role in carcinogenesis. We conducted a population-based case-control study testing for an association between the occurrence of a nerv...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/18.4.756
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In July 2004 a strain-specific vaccine was introduced to combat an epidemic of group B meningococcal disease in New Zealand. We estimated the effectiveness of this vaccine in pre-school-aged children. METHODS:We conducted a cohort analysis of all children in New Zealand who were aged 6 months to <5 years at...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyn228
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The scale of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among health care workers (HCWs), particularly in resource-limited settings, remains unclear. To address this concern, universal (non-symptom-based) screening of HCWs was piloted to determine the proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infe...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyaa173
更新日期:2020-10-23 00:00:00
abstract::This article investigates the interrelationship of socioeconemic status, anthropometric status and mortality of young children in rural Bangladesh. Data for this study come from Matlab, the vital registration area of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, where anthropometric and socioec...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/23.6.1179
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the Hérault region of France, vineyards cover an area of 128,000 hectares (60% of agricultural land) and involve more than 93% of farms. A vine-growing exposure matrix was built for assessing pesticide exposure. It is based on information obtained from a survey among 85 vine-growers who lived in Hérault and who had...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/22.supplement_2.s36
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Exercise can suppress androgen production and may thus decrease the risk of prostate cancer. However, findings from epidemiological studies assessing physical activity and risk of prostate cancer are inconsistent. METHODS:We prospectively examined the association between physical activity and prostate cance...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/29.1.29
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Meningococcal meningitis epidemics are frequent in the Sahel zone of Africa but there is little information on the frequency of long-term sequelae. We analysed excess mortality in the two years following the 1997 epidemic in northern Ghana and carried out a case-control study to assess sequelae in the surviv...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/30.6.1440
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The attributable risk for invasive cervical cancer in the US and Italian populations has been estimated in relation to main 'aetiological' factors (number of sexual partners, age at first intercourse, parity, oral contraceptive use and smoking) and history of Pap smear using data from two case-control studies conducte...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/19.3.539
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Minnesota Heart Survey (MHS) assessed population trends in coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality, morbidity and risk factor levels in the Twin Cities metropolitan area to explain the decline in CHD deaths. Age-adjusted CHD mortality rates declined in Twin Cities residents aged 30 to 74 from 1968 to 1986 by 52% in...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal. Most countries have exhibited a stable or decreasing incidence over time. The aim of this study was to provide updated French temporal trends in pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality over the past three decades. Methods:Incidence was estimated using the Frenc...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyx088
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:While a large body of literature has demonstrated an association between physical health problems and psychiatric ones, the extent to which one is causally linked to the other remains difficult to estimate. This quasi-experimental study seeks to (i) estimate causal effects of an acute negative health event (...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyp331
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Specificity of association between putative risk factor and disease under study is important to inference on causality. Nevertheless many studies investigate mortality of a single disease without comparison with a control. Age-standardized proportional mortality ratios make single disease studies into case-control stu...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/20.4.984
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women and the incidence has increased over time. Our objectives were to study: (1) the socioeconomic differences in breast cancer incidence and mortality in Denmark, (2) how different socioeconomic groups have contributed to the increasing incidence, (3) whether t...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyg049
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/17.1.222
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mortality among male employees was studied in a chromium chemical production plant, part of which was rebuilt in 1950-51 and the remainder in 1960, to reduce exposure to chromium bearing dusts. Of 2 101 employees initially employed between 1945 and 1974 and having worked at least 90 days, the vital status of 88% was a...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/8.4.365
更新日期:1979-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Epidemiology's role as the 'diagnostic' arm of public health has submitted epidemiological reasoning and practice to the crossfire of oppositional social values and demands. In Latin America, the visible signs of extreme social and political authoritarianism and inequity, as well as the growing unfairness of...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyn135
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Few studies have examined the independent and combined relationships of body mass index (BMI) peak and rebound with adiposity, insulin resistance and metabolic risk later in life. We used data from Project Viva, a well-characterized birth cohort from Boston with repeated measures of BMI, to help fill this ga...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A person to person outbreak of hepatitis A is described: 90 cases of hepatitis A occurred in a small town in Calabria, southern Italy; all cases were under 18 years of age with the highest age-specific incidence rate in the 6-10 year age group. Transmission was identified by tracing close contacts with other incubatin...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/15.1.108
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the possible association between Alzheimer's disease and late maternal age at index birth, we conducted a collaborative re-analysis of existing case-control data sets. Of the 11 studies participating in the EURODEM project, four were included in the analyses regarding maternal age. In all four studies, ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1093/ije/20.supplement_2.s21
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study gives results for comparisons between dietary history interviews repeated at short-term (4-8 months) and long-term (4-7 years) intervals in conjunction with the Finnish Mobile Clinic Health Examination Survey. Interviews surveying the whole range of consumable foods over the preceding year were completed in...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/ije/22.3.520
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In many countries, little is known about adult mortality rates. New innovations are necessary to develop reasonable estimates from available information. One readily available resource is household survey data. While birth histories collected in surveys have produced reasonable estimates of child mortality, ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/ije/dyh099
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In the past, upward shifts of the so-called Preston curve, which relates life expectancy to national income, have contributed importantly to worldwide increases in life expectancy. These shifts were due to rapid diffusion of knowledge and technology for infectious disease control from high-income to low-inco...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyt122
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of household exposure to cigarette smoke on hospitalization and incidence of respiratory illness were examined among 2227 children at Chang-Ning District, Shanghai Municipality, People's Republic of China. The passive smoking quantity was estimated by total daily cigarette consumption of family members and...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/17.2.348
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Each of three consecutive cold seasons (November-March) in the town of Tiberias, Israel, was dominated by one particular rotavirus serotype causing acute diarrhoea in the community: the 1987/88 season by serotype-2; 1988/89 by serotype-1 and 1989/90 by serotype-4. Each season was also characterized by a particular pat...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/21.2.399
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/ije/21.6.1144
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyt086
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00