Abstract：
:Mortality among male employees was studied in a chromium chemical production plant, part of which was rebuilt in 1950-51 and the remainder in 1960, to reduce exposure to chromium bearing dusts. Of 2 101 employees initially employed between 1945 and 1974 and having worked at least 90 days, the vital status of 88% was ascertained, as of mid-1977. Lung cancer mortality for hourly workers initially employed between 1945 and 1959 was significantly higher than in the comparison Baltimore City population (SMR = 2.0), yet it was lower than that reported in previous studies of this industry. A dose response effect was evident from the relationship between duration of employment and mortality. The lung cancer mortality among those employed for three or more years exclusively in the new facility was similar to that observed for such long-term workers in other parts of the plant. Specific job positions were examined. A history of employment in the Bichromate and Special Products Department (production of chromic acid and other products), known as the 'wet end', was associated with the increased lung cancer mortality in contrast to the Mill and Roast Department, known as the 'dry end'. Because of the long latency period associated with chromium exposure and cancer, it was not possible to adequately assess the risk of cancer for workers initially employed after 1960. Methodological issues related to these findings are discussed.
journal_name
Int J Epidemioljournal_title
International journal of epidemiologyauthors
Hayes RB,Lilienfeld AM,Snell LMdoi
10.1093/ije/8.4.365subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1979-12-01 00:00:00pages
365-74issue
4eissn
0300-5771issn
1464-3685journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章abstract：Background:Many interventions delivered to improve health may benefit not only direct recipients but also people in close physical or social proximity. Our objective was to review all published literature about the spillover effects of interventions on health outcomes in low-middle income countries and to identify meth...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/ije/dyx039
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Few data on birthweight distributions are available for Zimbabwe. This paper reports a study of 2140 births in Harare, Zimbabwe, occurring in April 1986. Births took place in public facilities, which are estimated to serve 85% of the urban population. Mean birthweight for the entire sample is 2970 g, and for singleton...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/19.1.98
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Women in developing countries often continue their agricultural work during late pregnancy. Whether this adversely affects birthweight is not clear from previous studies as few controlled for confounding factors. This study seeks to clarify this issue. METHODS:This retrospective cohort study investigated 95...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/28.3.469
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The scale of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among health care workers (HCWs), particularly in resource-limited settings, remains unclear. To address this concern, universal (non-symptom-based) screening of HCWs was piloted to determine the proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infe...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyaa173
更新日期：2020-10-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Major aetiologies of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases begin in childhood and atherosclerotic vascular abnormalities can be observed among children and adolescents. Adolescent cohort studies have important advantages because they can observe earlier changes in vascular structure and function. The purpose of the ...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyv064
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:While dietary patterns that are both predictive of chronic disease and mortality have been identified, the confounding effects of cardiorespiratory fitness have not been properly addressed. The primary objective was to assess the relation between dietary patterns with all-cause mortality, while controlling f...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyp191
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To examine the association of a mismatch between educational qualifications and occupational attainment and subsequent declines in self-rated health (SRH) in a longitudinal nationally representative Canadian population sample. METHODS:This study used longitudinal data from 4045 healthy, working respondents ...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyi047
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To investigate the possible association between Alzheimer's disease and late maternal age at index birth, we conducted a collaborative re-analysis of existing case-control data sets. Of the 11 studies participating in the EURODEM project, four were included in the analyses regarding maternal age. In all four studies, ...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1093/ije/20.supplement_2.s21
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Methodological issues in the design and interpretation of cross-sectional interview surveys of the prevalence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) were assessed among young children. METHODS:A cross-sectional survey was conducted in approximately 20,000 children in the north of Ghana. Approximately half we...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/23.3.608
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The objective of this study is to measure the association between protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) in children and their mothers' mental health, in a low income area in the city of Embú, São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS:A case-control study was performed. Cases were 60 moderately and severely malnourished childr...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/25.1.128
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We examined the effect of a large reduction in the price of alcohol that occurred in Finland in 2004 on alcohol-related and all-cause mortality, and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) from which alcohol-attributable cases were excluded. METHODS:Time series intervention analysis modelling was ap...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyp336
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Several studies have shown that inactivated, whole-cell oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) confer both direct protection on vaccinees and herd protection on populations. Because our earlier cluster-randomized effectiveness trial (CRT) in urban Bangladesh failed to detect OCV herd protection, we reanalysed the tria...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/ije/dyz060
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An outbreak of typhoid fever occurred in Chu-Tung township, Taiwan, with dates of onset from 6 July to 8 August, 1983. Fifty-four cases were hospitalized, of which 52 were laboratory confirmed. A chloramphenicol-resistant strain of Salmonella typhi was isolated from patients' blood samples. A community survey of 2772 ...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/18.1.254
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The effect of antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplementation on health is one of the most controversial issues in human nutrition. Our objective was to investigate the effect of nutritional doses of a combination of antioxidant vitamins and minerals on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a sample of h...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/ije/dyr161
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium disease on the basis of history and physical examination alone is often difficult. Tests have thus been developed to allow an early and more accurate diagnosis. However these tests have substantial imperfections and many different results obtained from these tests must be integ...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/17.1.202
更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although disorders of the prostate are among the most prevalent problems in elderly males, little is known about their epidemiological characteristics. The 1986 Barcelona Health Interview Survey (BHIS), a cross-sectional study of a random sample of the noninstitutionalized population of the city, was used to estimate ...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/21.5.959
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous studies have shown socioeconomic inequalities in the metabolic syndrome and coronary heart disease (CHD), but it is not known whether educational disparities in the metabolic syndrome explain educational inequalities in CHD. We investigated this question in a prospective study of middle-aged men and...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyi007
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:During the past decades a widening of the relative gap in death rates between upper and lower socioeconomic groups has been reported for several European countries. Although differential mortality decline for cardiovascular diseases has been suggested as an important contributory factor, it is not known what...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1093/ije/dyg209
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The excess risk of fatal and non-fatal cerebrovascular disease in people from low socioeconomic positions is only partially explained by conventional cerebrovascular risk factors. This has led to the suggestion that poor psychosocial work environments provide important additional explanatory power. However, ...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyn373
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous studies do not provide a clear picture of the relationship between nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) exposure and asthma. METHODS:Eighteen schools using unflued gas heating in winter were randomly allocated to either retain their heaters (10 control schools) or to have replacement flued gas or electric heat...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/ije/dyh018
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is usually based on trials where patients are randomized individually into two different, parallel, treatment groups. This paper concentrates on RCTs of a different design-two-period, two-treatment cross-over trials. METHODS:The characteristics of these t...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/31.1.140
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The prevalence of human T-lymphotropic retrovirus (HTLV) was examined in Taiwan's indigenous populations. In all, 797 healthy subjects in Taiwan including Han Chinese and nine indigenous populations (Ami, Atayal, Bunun, Saisiat, Paiwan, Puyuma, Rukai, Tsuo, and Yami) were examined for the presence of antibodies to HTL...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/22.5.927
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two controlled, double blind field trials of a non-living promastigote vaccine against New World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (NWCL) were conducted in 1981 and 1983 in Brazil. Brazilian Army conscripts were randomly assigned to the vaccine or placebo groups and tested during their training in the Amazon jungle, a high risk...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/ije/15.4.572
更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Data from the Seven Countries Study are analysed to examine the relationship between the observed incidence of Coronary Heart Disease in the second 5-year period of follow-up and the major entry risk factors and their changes over the first 5 years. The analysis, using the Multiple Logistic Function model, shows that ...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/10.1.31
更新日期：1981-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Few epidemiological investigations of invasive cervical cancer have been conducted in Sub-Saharan African populations. METHODS:Using information collected as part of the hospital-based World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborative Study of Neoplasia and Steroid Contraceptives, we examined potential risk fac...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/23.5.906
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Maternal co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been implicated as a potentially important co-factor for enhanced vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV). In previous reports, however, methodological issues (notably small sample sizes) have limited accurate evaluation of the contri...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1093/ije/dyg107
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Undernutrition is associated with an increased risk of death among young children in developing countries. Infant and child nutritional status and mortality were monitored in a rural area of Casamance, Senegal. METHODS:Analysis of weight measurements taken at 3-24 months of age during routine growth monitor...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyh174
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using routinely collected maternity discharge data from 250,000 women in Scotland, we examined the risks of late spontaneous abortion and preterm delivery during the period 20 up to 36 weeks of gestation. Gestational age is treated as a fetal survival time and the risks of delivery associated with a history of spontan...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/20.2.456
更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Mobile phone use and exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) from it have been associated with symptoms in some studies, but the studies have shortcomings and their findings are inconsistent. We conducted a prospective cohort study to assess the association between amount of mobile phone u...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyz127
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Endometriosis has been associated with a higher risk of cutaneous melanoma, but the mechanisms underlying this association are unknown.Some constitutional factors known to influence melanoma risk have been associated with endometriosis in some retrospective studies. However, prospective data are scarce, and ...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyt235
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
