Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Women in developing countries often continue their agricultural work during late pregnancy. Whether this adversely affects birthweight is not clear from previous studies as few controlled for confounding factors. This study seeks to clarify this issue. METHODS:This retrospective cohort study investigated 958 low-income women and their singleton newborn babies residing in a region of Northeast Brazil dependent on sugar-cane production. Women were recruited at maternity centres, when attending for delivery, and were allocated to one of two groups according to their exposure to heavy agricultural labour for at least 3 months during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy (n = 250), or to household activities only (n = 708). RESULTS:The mean birthweight of infants born to women who worked in agriculture during 9 months of pregnancy was 190 g lower than that of the non-exposed group (P = 0.02). After controlling for confounding factors, the adjusted effect was 117 g (P = 0.05). Heavy agricultural work for 6, 7 or 8 months had no significant effect. CONCLUSIONS:These findings suggest that working throughout pregnancy significantly reduces birthweight in this low-income population.
journal_name
Int J Epidemioljournal_title
International journal of epidemiologyauthors
Lima M,Ismail S,Ashworth A,Morris SSdoi
10.1093/ije/28.3.469keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-06-01 00:00:00pages
469-74issue
3eissn
0300-5771issn
1464-3685journal_volume
28pub_type
杂志文章abstract:Background:It is known that perchlorate, nitrate and thiocyanate have the property of inhibiting sodium iodide symporter. Animal studies have suggested that these compounds, especially perchlorate, might also interfere with insulin secretion. However, the association between their exposure and diabetes risk is largely ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyx188
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of rotavirus in non-bacterial gastroenteritis in Kuwait was investigated. Employing electronmicroscopy (EM) and enzyme-linked-immuno-sorbent-assay (ELISA) techniques, the virus was detected in the stools of 42 of 274 (15.3%) infants with the disease. A statistically significant association (P less than 0.05) ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/9.4.355
更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:So far, no randomized controlled trials with a mean mammographic screening interval of > or = 2 years has demonstrated statistically significant mortality reduction for women younger than age 50. The issue of screening frequency is vital in detection of primary breast cancer. METHODS:The study group consist...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/29.5.803
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The proportional relationships of the four numbers in a 2 x 2 table can be displayed using two types of box graphs. In one approach, a 'unitary square' is first divided according to the denominator proportions of the two groups formed in a cohort or case-control study, and then re-divided according to the numerator pr...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/17.1.222
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The relationship between cutaneous malignant melanoma and sunlamp use is examined in a Caucasian population in Connecticut, United States. METHODS:Cases were diagnosed between 15 January 1987 and 15 May 1987 with a first primary cutaneous melanoma. Controls were obtained from the general population, frequen...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/27.5.758
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In Western countries mortality dropped throughout the 20th century, but over and above the long-term falling trend, the death rate has oscillated over time. It has been postulated that these short-term oscillations may be related to changes in the economy. METHODS:To ascertain if these short-term oscillatio...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyi141
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seemingly contradictory data support controversies concerning the relationships between food intake and illnesses. The present study of 1035 adults, aged 30-39 years, shows that (1) daily energy intake is not higher in obese than in non-obese people, (2) obesity is more prevalent in social groups where energy intake i...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/19.3.571
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent communications have argued that often it may not be appropriate to analyse cross-sectional studies of prevalent outcomes with logistic regression models. The purpose of this communication is to compare three methods that have been proposed for application to cross sectional studies: (1) a multiplicati...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/27.1.91
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A recent monograph by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has identified indoor air pollution from coal usage as a known human carcinogen, while that from biomass as a probable human carcinogen. Although as much as 74% of the Indian population relies on solid fuels for cooking, very little...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/ije/dym261
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In view of the many changes in the approach to the detection and management of hypertension that have occurred, the paucity of current data on this subject in Israel limits the possibilities of making international comparisons or evaluating trends. This study contributes recent information on the occupationally-active...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/21.4.676
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Studies suggest that increased levels of physical activity might decrease the risk of prostate cancer. We ascertained lifetime measures of activity in a population-based case-control study of prostate cancer in Shanghai, China to investigate physical activity in a population where the incidence of prostate c...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/30.2.341
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examine the resource implications of two potential health services aimed at preventing congenital toxoplasmosis: a screening service involving serological surveillance for toxoplasma infection in pregnant women and its prophylactic treatment; and a health education campaign to help pregnant women avoid acquiring to...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/13.1.65
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A study was made in five rural districts of Kwara State, Nigeria to assess the possible use of 'leopard skin' (Ls) as a rapid diagnostic technique for estimating the endemicity of African onchocerciasis. The findings revealed that there is a positive association between the percentage of subjects with skin microfilari...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/16.4.590
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper dot maps are used as an epidemiological tool to describe the spatial patterns of cases, non-cases and some relevant risk factors associated with the occurrence of Schistosoma mansoni infection in an urban environment. The study was carried out in Santo Antonio de Jesus, a town in north-east Brazil with a...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/22.4.731
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of orphanhood among children has been greatly exacerbated by the HIV/AIDS pandemic. If orphanhood harms a child's development and these effects perpetuate into adult life, then the African orphan crisis could seriously jeopardize the continent's future generations. Wheth...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyn197
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:While the COVID-19 outbreak in China now appears suppressed, Europe and the USA have become the epicentres, both reporting many more deaths than China. Responding to the pandemic, Sweden has taken a different approach aiming to mitigate, not suppress, community transmission, by using physical distancing with...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyaa121
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In the mid 1980s European governments committed themselves to the WHO goal 'reduced inequality in health by year 2000' according to which inequality in health should be reduced by 25% by the year 2000. The study aim is to estimate the time trend in relative risk due to ischaemic heart disease (IHD) morbidity...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/28.4.640
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Major aetiologies of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases begin in childhood and atherosclerotic vascular abnormalities can be observed among children and adolescents. Adolescent cohort studies have important advantages because they can observe earlier changes in vascular structure and function. The purpose of the ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyv064
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Short stature has been associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), although the reason for the association remains unclear. Data on the relation between stature and stroke is more limited. We examined the association between stature and CHD as well as between stature and stroke in men ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/ije/27.6.970
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Several studies have shown that inactivated, whole-cell oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) confer both direct protection on vaccinees and herd protection on populations. Because our earlier cluster-randomized effectiveness trial (CRT) in urban Bangladesh failed to detect OCV herd protection, we reanalysed the tria...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/ije/dyz060
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Ready-made spectacles (RMS) have advantages; however, visual performance and satisfaction has not been evaluated. METHODS:A 1-month, double-masked, randomized clinical trial comparing planned continued use and visual performance of RMS to Custom Spectacles (CS) in adults aged 18-45 years with > or =1 diopte...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/ije/dyp384
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is a long-standing belief that the size of the difference between the poor (lower social groups) and the rich (higher social groups) in health outcomes will vary according to the characteristics of the area. However typical approaches to analyses of this kind of question violate standard statistical assumption. The...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/20.1.251
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The characteristics of 673 mothers of twins were compared to those of a matched sample of mothers of singletons. Both groups of mothers were interviewed just after delivery, and births in each group were matched for time and place. Of the characteristics studied, the use of oral contraceptives (OC) displayed a signifi...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/10.4.319
更新日期:1981-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A proportional mortality study was conducted to determine if state of birth is a risk factor associated with motor neurone disease (MND) and Parkinson's disease (PD) using US death certificate information for 1981. State of birth was used as a surrogate variable for location of early childhood environment. A gradient ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/22.5.898
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interrupted time series designs are a valuable quasi-experimental approach for evaluating public health interventions. Interrupted time series extends a single group pre-post comparison by using multiple time points to control for underlying trends. But history bias-confounding by unexpected events occurring at the sa...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyaa152
更新日期:2021-01-23 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The effectiveness of vaccines in populations must consider both direct and indirect protection. This study reanalyses data from a large individually randomized oral cholera vaccine trial that was conducted in rural Bangladesh from 1985 to 1990. A recent analysis of the results of that trial showed that the p...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyl100
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:High maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) is associated with increased risk of offspring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the role of unmeasured familial confounding for this association remains unclear. METHODS:We conducted a population-based cohort study via linkage of Swe...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyt152
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mortalities from selected causes from 1973 to 1982 among Koreans, Chinese, and Americans residing in Japan were compared with those of Japanese. In the Korean population, besides the well-documented excess in mortalities from liver cancer, lung cancer, liver cirrhosis and male tuberculosis, a rather prominent elevatio...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/16.3.415
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous studies on the association between childhood infections and childhood leukaemia have produced inconsistent results, likely due to the recall error/bias of infection data reported by the parents. The current study used a population-based and record-based case-control design to evaluate the associatio...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dys113
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:The genetic architecture of birth size may differ geographically and over time. We examined differences in the genetic and environmental contributions to birthweight, length and ponderal index (PI) across geographical-cultural regions (Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia) and across birth coho...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyy081
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00