当前位置： SCI文献检索 > INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY期刊下所有文献 > Risk factors for invasive cervical cancer in Kenyan women.

Risk factors for invasive cervical cancer in Kenyan women.

Abstract：

BACKGROUND:Few epidemiological investigations of invasive cervical cancer have been conducted in Sub-Saharan African populations. METHODS:Using information collected as part of the hospital-based World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborative Study of Neoplasia and Steroid Contraceptives, we examined potential risk factors for invasive cervical cancer among Kenyan women. In all 112 women with histologically confirmed invasive cervical cancer diagnosed at the Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya, between June 1981 and September 1988 and 749 control subjects were included in the present analyses. All women were interviewed regarding their medical and reproductive history, methods of birth control, and history of sexual relationships and sexually transmitted infections. Multiple logistic regression procedures were used to derive maximum likelihood estimates of adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS:After adjusting for age, several factors were found to be associated with invasive cervical cancer. These include multiple sexual partners, early age at first sexual intercourse (OR = 1.9 and 2.6 for women reporting first intercourse at age 16-17 years and < 15 years, respectively, compared to women with first intercourse > or = 18 years), history of abnormal vaginal discharge (OR = 13.8, 95% CI: 8.3-23.0), and history of gonorrhoeal infection (OR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.6-6.2). Low educational attainment and multiparity were also associated with the risk of invasive cervical cancer. Although the Papanicolaou smear has been extensively used as a screening method for cervical cancer in many countries, only three cases and four controls reported ever having a Papanicolaou smear (2.6% cases and 0.5% of controls). CONCLUSIONS:As has been observed in other parts of the world, cervical neoplasia in Kenya appears to be a late consequence of venereally transmitted carcinogenic agents.

journal_name

Int J Epidemiol

journal_title

International journal of epidemiology

authors

Williams MA,Kenya PR,Mati JK,Thomas DB

doi

10.1093/ije/23.5.906

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1994-10-01 00:00:00

pages

906-12

issue

5

eissn

0300-5771

issn

1464-3685

journal_volume

23

pub_type

杂志文章

相关文献

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY文献大全
  • Cohort profile: the Themba Lethu Clinical Cohort, Johannesburg, South Africa.

    abstract：:The Themba Lethu Clinical Cohort was established in 2004 to allow large patient-level analyses from a single HIV treatment site to evaluate National Treatment Guidelines, answer questions of national and international policy relevance and to combine an economic and epidemiologic focus on HIV research. The current obje...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/dys029

    authors： Fox MP,Maskew M,MacPhail AP,Long L,Brennan AT,Westreich D,MacLeod WB,Majuba P,Sanne IM

    更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

  • Domain-specific physical activity and sedentary behaviour in relation to colon and rectal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

    abstract：Background:Physical activity is associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer, but most epidemiological studies have focused on occupational and recreational physical activity. The evidence for other domains of activity, and for sedentary behaviour, is limited. Methods:Medline, Embase and Web of Science were searc...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi：10.1093/ije/dyx137

    authors： Mahmood S,MacInnis RJ,English DR,Karahalios A,Lynch BM

    更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

  • Widening socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in six Western European countries.

    abstract：OBJECTIVES:During the past decades a widening of the relative gap in death rates between upper and lower socioeconomic groups has been reported for several European countries. Although differential mortality decline for cardiovascular diseases has been suggested as an important contributory factor, it is not known what...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi：10.1093/ije/dyg209

    authors： Mackenbach JP,Bos V,Andersen O,Cardano M,Costa G,Harding S,Reid A,Hemström O,Valkonen T,Kunst AE

    更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

  • Village and household clustering of xerophthalmia and trachoma.

    abstract：:The clustering of xerophthalmia in villages and in households was assessed among preschool children surveyed in the Lower Shire Valley, Malawi, and in Aceh province, Indonesia. Trachoma clustering was similarly assessed among the same children in Malawi. Trachoma clustered much more than xerophthalmia among villages a...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/17.4.865

    authors： Katz J,Zeger SL,Tielsch JM

    更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

  • Chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

    abstract：BACKGROUND:The significance of persistent or recurrent respiratory infections in adult life for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is still to a large extent unknown. A few clinical and experimental animal studies suggest that peripheral airways diseases may be due to the cumulative effects...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/25.3.658

    authors： von Hertzen L,Isoaho R,Leinonen M,Koskinen R,Laippala P,Töyrylä M,Kivelä SL,Saikku P

    更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00

  • Relative contributions of prenatal complications, perinatal characteristics, neonatal morbidities and socio-economic conditions of preterm infants on the occurrence of developmental disorders up to 7 years of age.

    abstract：BACKGROUND:To investigate the relative contributions of prenatal complications, perinatal characteristics, neonatal morbidities and socio-economic conditions on the occurrence of motor, sensory, cognitive, language and psychological disorders in a large longitudinal preterm infant population during the first 7 years af...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi：10.1093/ije/dyy240

    authors： Müller JB,Hanf M,Flamant C,Olivier M,Rouger V,Gascoin G,Basset H,Rozé JC,Nusinovici S

    更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

  • Epidemiology for Canadian medical students--desirable attitudes, knowledge and skills.

    abstract：:There is increasing recognition that the concepts traditionally taught by epidemiologists are essential for all medical graduates, most of whom will be clinicians, and not just for the minority who will specialize in population-based disciplines. This paper presents the recommendations of a Canadian conference which c...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/6.1.69

    authors： Jenicek M,Fletcher RH

    更新日期：1977-03-01 00:00:00

  • Cancer mortality and urbanization in China.

    abstract：:Maps of 14 cancer types in China appear to show distinctive geographical distributions, but principal components analysis reveals that they share an underlying pattern which reflects variations in urbanization. Differences in risk factors between rural and urban areas, the process of disease transition and geographica...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/15.2.268

    authors： Haynes R

    更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00

  • The epidemiological transition in Papua New Guinea: new evidence from verbal autopsy studies.

    abstract：BACKGROUND:Recent economic growth in Papua New Guinea (PNG) would suggest that the country may be experiencing an epidemiological transition, characterized by a reduction in infectious diseases and a growing burden from non-communicable diseases (NCDs). However, data on cause-specific mortality in PNG are very sparse, ...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/dyz018

    authors： Gouda HN,Hazard RH,Maraga S,Flaxman AD,Stewart A,Joseph JC,Rarau P,Wangnapi R,Poka H,Serina P,Phuanukoonnon S,Pham BN,Vano M,Lupiwa S,Sie A,Kave H,Lehmann D,Siba P,Lopez AD,Riley ID

    更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00

  • Dietary patterns and the risk of mortality: impact of cardiorespiratory fitness.

    abstract：BACKGROUND:While dietary patterns that are both predictive of chronic disease and mortality have been identified, the confounding effects of cardiorespiratory fitness have not been properly addressed. The primary objective was to assess the relation between dietary patterns with all-cause mortality, while controlling f...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/dyp191

    authors： Héroux M,Janssen I,Lam M,Lee DC,Hebert JR,Sui X,Blair SN

    更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

  • Cross-validation of a dementia screening test in a heterogeneous population.

    abstract：:Recognition of the increasing importance of early dementia screening for both research and clinical purposes has led to the development of numerous screening instruments. The most promising of these are based on neuropsychological measures which are able to focus on very specific cognitive functions. Of these tests th...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/18.3.717

    authors： Ritchie KA,Hallerman EF

    更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

  • A study on effectiveness of screening mammograms.

    abstract：BACKGROUND:So far, no randomized controlled trials with a mean mammographic screening interval of > or = 2 years has demonstrated statistically significant mortality reduction for women younger than age 50. The issue of screening frequency is vital in detection of primary breast cancer. METHODS:The study group consist...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/29.5.803

    authors： Ren JJ,Peer PG

    更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

  • Coronary risk factors: new perspectives.

    abstract：:The predisposing and precipitating causes of acute myocardial infarction (MI) are multiple; furthermore, different individuals may have different susceptibility, to a large extent genetically determined, to each of them. In spite of the complex aetiology of MI and of our limited knowledge of the causes responsible for...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章,评审

    doi：10.1093/ije/30.suppl_1.s41

    authors： Niccoli G,Iacoviello L,Cianflone D,Crea F

    更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00

  • Preeclampsia mediates the association between shorter height and increased risk of preterm delivery.

    abstract：Background:Maternal short stature has been observed to increase the risk of preterm birth; however, the aetiology behind this phenomenon is unknown. We investigated whether preeclampsia, an obstetric complication that often leads to preterm delivery and is reported to have an inverse association with women's height, me...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi：10.1093/ije/dyx107

    authors： Morisaki N,Ogawa K,Urayama KY,Sago H,Sato S,Saito S

    更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00

  • Health risks of snorkel swimming in untreated water.

    abstract：:There are certain health risks associated with recreational exposure to bacteriologically polluted water. In this study, 27% (21/77) of swimmers who took part in a snorkel swimming event, experienced gastrointestinal symptoms within 48 hours of entering the untreated water. The incidence of these symptoms was statisti...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/14.4.624

    authors： Philipp R,Evans EJ,Hughes AO,Grisdale SK,Enticott RG,Jephcott AE

    更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00

  • General epidemiology of breast cancer in northern Italy.

    abstract：:The role of the major identified risk factors for breast cancer was assessed using data from a hospital-based case-control study conducted in Northern Italy on 1108 women with histologically confirmed breast cancer and 1281 control subjects with a spectrum of acute conditions unrelated to any of the established or pot...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/16.3.347

    authors： La Vecchia C,Decarli A,Parazzini F,Gentile A,Negri E,Cecchetti G,Franceschi S

    更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00

  • Quasi-experimental evidence on the causal effects of physical health on mental health.

    abstract：BACKGROUND:While a large body of literature has demonstrated an association between physical health problems and psychiatric ones, the extent to which one is causally linked to the other remains difficult to estimate. This quasi-experimental study seeks to (i) estimate causal effects of an acute negative health event (...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/dyp331

    authors： Mohanan M,Maselko J

    更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

  • Association between polygenic risk scores for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and educational and cognitive outcomes in the general population.

    abstract：Background:Children with a diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD) have lower cognitive ability and are at risk of adverse educational outcomes; ADHD genetic risks have been found to predict childhood cognitive ability and other neurodevelopmental traits in the general population; thus genetic risks...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/dyw216

    authors： Stergiakouli E,Martin J,Hamshere ML,Heron J,St Pourcain B,Timpson NJ,Thapar A,Davey Smith G

    更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00

  • Short stature and cardiovascular disease among men and women from two southeastern New England communities.

    abstract：BACKGROUND:Short stature has been associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), although the reason for the association remains unclear. Data on the relation between stature and stroke is more limited. We examined the association between stature and CHD as well as between stature and stroke in men ...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi：10.1093/ije/27.6.970

    authors： Parker DR,Lapane KL,Lasater TM,Carleton RA

    更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

  • Childhood leukaemia and socioeconomic status: fact or artefact? A report from the United Kingdom childhood cancer study (UKCCS).

    abstract：BACKGROUND:It is widely believed that children of high socioeconomic status (SES) are more likely than those of low SES to develop acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Such observations have led to wide-ranging speculations about the potential aetiological role of factors associated with affluence and modernization. M...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/dyl193

    authors： Smith A,Roman E,Simpson J,Ansell P,Fear NT,Eden T

    更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

  • Why do we think we know what we know? A metaknowledge analysis of the salt controversy.

    abstract：BACKGROUND:Although several public health organizations have recommended population-wide reduction in salt intake, the evidence on the population benefits remains unclear. We conducted a metaknowledge analysis of the literature on salt intake and health outcomes. METHODS:We identified reports--primary studies, systema...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章,评审

    doi：10.1093/ije/dyv184

    authors： Trinquart L,Johns DM,Galea S

    更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

  • Investigating the causal effect of maternal vitamin B12 and folate levels on offspring birthweight.

    abstract：BACKGROUND:Lower maternal serum vitamin B12 (B12) and folate levels have been associated with lower offspring birthweight, in observational studies. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this relationship is causal. METHODS:We performed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) using summary data on associati...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/dyaa256

    authors： Moen GH,Beaumont RN,Grarup N,Sommer C,Shields BM,Lawlor DA,Freathy RM,Evans DM,Warrington NM

    更新日期：2020-12-21 00:00:00

  • Social determinants of disability pension: a 10-year follow-up of 62 000 people in a Norwegian county population.

    abstract：BACKGROUND:Non-medical factors may be important determinants for granting disability pension (DP) even though disability is medically defined, as in Norway. The aim of this analysis was to identify determinants of DP in a total county population in a 10-year follow-up study. METHODS:Participants were people without DP...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/31.6.1183

    authors： Krokstad S,Johnsen R,Westin S

    更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00

  • What is the difference between missing completely at random and missing at random?

    abstract：:The terminology describing missingness mechanisms is confusing. In particular the meaning of 'missing at random' is often misunderstood, leading researchers faced with missing data problems away from multiple imputation, a method with considerable advantages. The purpose of this article is to clarify how 'missing at r...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/dyu080

    authors： Bhaskaran K,Smeeth L

    更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

  • The effect of collapsing multinomial data when assessing agreement.

    abstract：BACKGROUND:In epidemiological studies researchers often depend on proxies to obtain information when primary subjects are unavailable. However, relatively few studies have performed formal statistical inference to assess agreement among proxy informants and primary study subjects. In this paper, we consider inference p...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/29.6.1070

    authors： Bartfay E,Donner A

    更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

  • Hip fracture in Hong Kong and Britain.

    abstract：:Hip fractures in elderly people are an important public health problem in many Western populations. Little is known of their epidemiology in Oriental populations. A comparative study of hip fracture incidence in Hong Kong and Southampton showed similar incidence rates by age and sex. In the last two decades hip fractu...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/19.4.1119

    authors： Lau EM,Cooper C,Wickham C,Donnan S,Barker DJ

    更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00

  • Reflection on modern methods: selection bias-a review of recent developments.

    abstract：:Selection bias remains a more difficult bias to understand than confounding or measurement error. Past definitions have not always been illuminating and a simple method (such as the change-in-estimate method for confounding) has not been available to determine its presence and magnitude in the study sample. A better u...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/dyy138

    authors： Infante-Rivard C,Cusson A

    更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

  • Risk factors for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma according to family history of haematolymphoproliferative malignancies.

    abstract：BACKGROUND:Aetiological profiles of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) may differ depending upon whether the disease is inheritance-related or sporadic. Because familial risk (a probable surrogate of inheritance-relatedness) of NHL is influenced by haematolymphoproliferative malignancies (HLPM), we evaluated whether non-fami...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/30.4.818

    authors： Zhu K,Levine RS,Brann EA,Gu Y,Caplan LS,Hall I,Baum MK

    更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

  • Cancer case-control studies with other cancers as controls.

    abstract：:Theoretical considerations concerning the use of other cancer patients as controls in cancer case-control studies are reviewed. Selection bias may be a problem in that some other cancers may be caused by the exposure under study biasing the odds ratio towards unity. Such bias is noted to be greatest with low prevalenc...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章,评审

    doi：10.1093/ije/17.2.298

    authors： Smith AH,Pearce NE,Callas PW

    更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00

  • Social class inequalities in the decline of coronary heart disease among New Zealand men, 1975-1977 to 1985-1987.

    abstract：:Coronary heart disease (CHD) is regarded as a disease of developed 'western' societies. Within developed societies, however, CHD is typically a disease of the less affluent socioeconomic classes. This has not always been the case. Forty years ago. CHD was reported to be more common among the upper social classes. In N...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/20.2.393

    authors： Kawachi I,Marshall S,Pearce N

    更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00