The globalization of epidemiology: critical thoughts from Latin America.

abstract：BACKGROUND:We enrolled a cohort of primary schoolchildren with a history of wheeze (n = 148) in an 11-month longitudinal study to examine the relationship between ambient ozone concentrations and peak expiratory flow rate. METHODS:Enrolled children recorded peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR) twice daily. We obtained ai...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Jalaludin BB,Chey T,O'Toole BI,Smith WT,Capon AG,Leeder SR

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The male:female (M:F) mortality ratio for under-five mortality varies considerably across and within societies. Maternal education has been linked to better outcomes for girls, but the evidence is mixed. We examined how the M:F ratio for under-five mortality varies by maternal education in sub-Saharan Africa...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Monden CW,Smits J

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Endometriosis has been associated with a higher risk of cutaneous melanoma, but the mechanisms underlying this association are unknown.Some constitutional factors known to influence melanoma risk have been associated with endometriosis in some retrospective studies. However, prospective data are scarce, and ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Kvaskoff M,Han J,Qureshi AA,Missmer SA

更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The statistical power of prospective studies on diet in relation to chronic disease risk can be improved by maximizing the variation in true intake levels actually distinguished--or 'predicted'--by dietary questionnaire assessments collected at baseline. This can be achieved by 1) developing a questionnaire method tha...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Kaaks R,Riboli E

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:During pregnancy, woman and fetus exchange small quantities of cells, and their persistence at later times is termed microchimerism. Microchimerism is known to substantially impact on women's later health. This study examined the survival of women according to male microchimerism status. METHODS:Male microc...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Kamper-Jørgensen M,Hjalgrim H,Andersen AM,Gadi VK,Tjønneland A

更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is usually necessary to estimate repeatability of a self-administered questionnaire from responses by subjects on just two occasions. It is shown that it is not possible to estimate false positive and false negative classification rates separately, but that an average correct classification can be calculated. This ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Chinn S,Burney PG

更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Major aetiologies of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases begin in childhood and atherosclerotic vascular abnormalities can be observed among children and adolescents. Adolescent cohort studies have important advantages because they can observe earlier changes in vascular structure and function. The purpose of the ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Choi DP,Lee JY,Kim HC

更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is endemic in many rural areas of Brazil where different transmission patterns of the disease have been described. This ecological study was carried out in a municipality located in Southeast Brazil and aimed to investigate the space-temporal patterns of the disease and...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Machado-Coelho GL,Assunção R,Mayrink W,Caiaffa WT

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone and pivmecillinam are the antibiotics currently recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the treatment of dysentery in children; yet there have been no reviews of the clinical effectiveness of these antibiotics in recent years. METHODS:We reviewed all literature repo...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Traa BS,Walker CL,Munos M,Black RE

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In 2002, a poster alerted the French health authorities to the possibility that the risk of childhood leukaemia might be increased by hepatitis B vaccination. Elucidating the role of vaccination in the aetiology of childhood acute leukaemia (AL) was therefore included in the objectives of an ongoing national...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Mallol-Mesnard N,Menegaux F,Auvrignon A,Auclerc MF,Bertrand Y,Nelken B,Robert A,Michel G,Margueritte G,Perel Y,Méchinaud F,Bordigoni P,Leverger G,Baruchel A,Hémon D,Clavel J

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：MOTIVATION:RVPedigree (Rare Variant association tests in Pedigrees) implements a suite of programs facilitating genome-wide analysis of association between a quantitative trait and autosomal region-based genetic variation. The main features here are the ability to appropriately test for association of rare variants wit...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Oualkacha K,Lakhal-Chaieb L,Greenwood CM

更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ratio of test statistics has been used to compare the efficiency of matched and unmatched designs, and stratified and pooled analyses for case-control studies. The index has been computed for a wide range of population conditions and it is concluded that (a) pooled analysis is always more efficient than stratified...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Choi BC,Howe GR

更新日期：1984-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Prospective studies of alcohol and mortality in middle-aged men almost universally find a U-shaped relationship between alcohol consumption and risk of mortality. This review demonstrates the extent to which different studies lead to different risk estimates, analyses the putative influence of abstention as ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Duffy JC

更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Ballabgarh Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS), also known as the Comprehensive Rural Health Services Project (CRHSP) Ballabgarh, is located in north India and was established in 1961 to develop a model for rural health-care practice in India. In addition to demographic surveillance and community-bas...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Kant S,Misra P,Gupta S,Goswami K,Krishnan A,Nongkynrih B,Rai SK,Srivastava R,Pandav CS

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The wide use of highly active antiretroviral therapy has led to an impressive improvement in AIDS survival after the mid-1990s in cities and countries with a high access to these medications. Notwithstanding its beneficial overall effect, antiretroviral therapy was also reported as a factor for the increase ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Antunes JL,Waldman EA,Borrell C

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality has more than halved in England since the 1980s, but there are few data on small-area trends. We estimated CVD mortality by ward in 5-year intervals between 1982 and 2006, and examined trends in relation to starting mortality, region and community deprivation. METHODS:...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Asaria P,Fortunato L,Fecht D,Tzoulaki I,Abellan JJ,Hambly P,de Hoogh K,Ezzati M,Elliott P

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Little is known about long-term changes linking chronic diseases and poverty in low-income countries such as Bangladesh. This study examines how chronic disease mortality rates change across socioeconomic groups over time in Bangladesh, and whether such mortality is associated with households falling into po...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Khan JA,Trujillo AJ,Ahmed S,Siddiquee AT,Alam N,Mirelman AJ,Koehlmoos TP,Niessen LW,Peters DH

更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is increasing recognition that the concepts traditionally taught by epidemiologists are essential for all medical graduates, most of whom will be clinicians, and not just for the minority who will specialize in population-based disciplines. This paper presents the recommendations of a Canadian conference which c...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Jenicek M,Fletcher RH

更新日期：1977-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The immune adherence haemagglutination assay (IAHA), widely used for human viral disease diagnosis, has been adapted for detection of rabies virus antibodies in dog sera. Rabies virus antibody titres obtained by the IAHA correlated well with those obtained by the currently accepted test for rabies antibody determinati...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Bota CN,Anderson RK,Goyal SM,Charamella LJ,Howard DR,Briggs DJ

更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Until recently, botulism was not recognized as an important public health problem in Taiwan. In 1986, an outbreak of type A foodborne botulism resulted in nine cases, two of them fatal. The vehicle in this outbreak was commercially preserved peanuts processed by an improperly equipped, unlicensed cannery. A single bat...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Chou JH,Hwang PH,Malison MD

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Although smoking and HPV infection are recognized as important risk factors for oropharyngeal cancer, how their joint exposure impacts on oropharyngeal cancer risk is unclear. Specifically, whether smoking confers any additional risk to HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer is not understood. METHODS:Using HPV ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Anantharaman D,Muller DC,Lagiou P,Ahrens W,Holcátová I,Merletti F,Kjærheim K,Polesel J,Simonato L,Canova C,Castellsague X,Macfarlane TV,Znaor A,Thomson P,Robinson M,Conway DI,Healy CM,Tjønneland A,Westin U,Ekström J

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:There is evidence that occupational factors that cause psychological strain can affect physical and mental health, but findings are not consistent. METHODS:Work satisfaction was used as a convenient global index of job-related psychological strain. Relationships with general, physical and emotional health, ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Abramson JH,Gofin J,Habib J,Noam G,Kark JD

更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Burgeoning global mental health endeavors have renewed debates about cultural applicability of psychiatric categories. This study's goal is to review strengths and limitations of literature comparing psychiatric categories with cultural concepts of distress (CCD) such as cultural syndromes, culture-bound syn...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Kohrt BA,Rasmussen A,Kaiser BN,Haroz EE,Maharjan SM,Mutamba BB,de Jong JT,Hinton DE

更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Recent communications have argued that often it may not be appropriate to analyse cross-sectional studies of prevalent outcomes with logistic regression models. The purpose of this communication is to compare three methods that have been proposed for application to cross sectional studies: (1) a multiplicati...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Skov T,Deddens J,Petersen MR,Endahl L

更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This cohort profile describes the origins, tracing, recruitment, testing and follow-up of the University of Edinburgh-based Lothian Birth Cohorts of 1921 (LBC1921; N = 550) and 1936 (LBC1936; N = 1091). The participants undertook a general intelligence test at age 11 years and were recruited for these cohorts at mean ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Deary IJ,Gow AJ,Pattie A,Starr JM

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Smoking during pregnancy has been shown to increase the risks of several adverse birth outcomes. Associations with overweight and/or obesity in the offspring have also been suggested. We aim to investigate whether familial factors confound the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and overwei...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Iliadou AN,Koupil I,Villamor E,Altman D,Hultman C,Långström N,Cnattingius S

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium disease on the basis of history and physical examination alone is often difficult. Tests have thus been developed to allow an early and more accurate diagnosis. However these tests have substantial imperfections and many different results obtained from these tests must be integ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Ng'andu NH

更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The association between breast cancer risk and oral contraceptive use was examined in 401 breast cancer patients and 519 hospital controls interviewed in New York City during 1979-1981. Control subjects were ascertained utilizing variable ratio matching to the cases (2:1 or 1:1) by sex, age, hospital, and time of diag...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Harris RE,Zang EA,Wynder EL

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Genetic and maternal prenatal environmental factors as well as the post-natal rearing environment may contribute to the association between childhood socioeconomic circumstances and later mortality. In order to disentangle these influences, we studied all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a cohort of ado...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Osler M,Petersen L,Prescott E,Teasdale TW,Sørensen TI

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：Background:Bloodstream infections (BSI) cause considerable morbidity and mortality, and primary prevention should be a priority. Lifestyle factors are of particular interest since they represent a modifiable target. Methods:We conducted a prospective cohort study among participants in the population-based Norwegian HU...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Paulsen J,Askim Å,Mohus RM,Mehl A,Dewan A,Solligård E,Damås JK,Åsvold BO

更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00