Methodological issues in case-control studies: II. Test statistics as measures of efficiency.

abstract：BACKGROUND:In the mid 1980s European governments committed themselves to the WHO goal 'reduced inequality in health by year 2000' according to which inequality in health should be reduced by 25% by the year 2000. The study aim is to estimate the time trend in relative risk due to ischaemic heart disease (IHD) morbidity...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Tüchsen F,Endahl LA

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:On 4 October 1992 a plane crashed on the south-eastern (SE) borough of Amsterdam. This study examines the effects of this disaster on the reported annoyance caused by aircraft noise and on psychiatric disorders measured by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), in an ongoing Health Interview Survey (HIS). ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Reijneveld SA

更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Students in their second year of medical studies perceived nutritional deficiency as a possible health problem in rural Nigeria and conducted a survey to investigate and compare the nutritional and health status of three distinct groups of children (Bokos in Babana, Bokos in Marami, Fulani). The nutritional status of ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Bollag U,Bennike T,Adigun CA,Agwu NI,Awobusuyi JO,Awolola KA,Chukwumweike MO,Nwosu IA,Ukpeh HA

更新日期：1980-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Exposure to a pre-natal famine environment has been associated with a persistent decrease in DNA methylation of the IGF2 gene, although study findings on other loci have been highly variable. There have been no studies to date of the relation between pre-natal famine and overall global DNA methylation in adu...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Lumey LH,Terry MB,Delgado-Cruzata L,Liao Y,Wang Q,Susser E,McKeague I,Santella RM

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although disorders of the prostate are among the most prevalent problems in elderly males, little is known about their epidemiological characteristics. The 1986 Barcelona Health Interview Survey (BHIS), a cross-sectional study of a random sample of the noninstitutionalized population of the city, was used to estimate ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Fernandez E,Porta M,Alonso J,Antó JM

更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:The effectiveness of vaccines in populations must consider both direct and indirect protection. This study reanalyses data from a large individually randomized oral cholera vaccine trial that was conducted in rural Bangladesh from 1985 to 1990. A recent analysis of the results of that trial showed that the p...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Emch M,Ali M,Park JK,Yunus M,Sack DA,Clemens JD

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article takes up the history of North American psychiatric epidemiology with reference to production of knowledge concerning sociopathic or antisocial personality disorder and drug dependence, abuse, and/or addiction. These overlapping arenas provide a microcosm within which to explore the larger shift of postwar...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Campbell ND

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The attributable risk for invasive cervical cancer in the US and Italian populations has been estimated in relation to main 'aetiological' factors (number of sexual partners, age at first intercourse, parity, oral contraceptive use and smoking) and history of Pap smear using data from two case-control studies conducte...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Parazzini F,Hildesheim A,Ferraroni M,La Vecchia C,Brinton LA

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In large-scale epidemiological studies of stillbirths and neonatal deaths a method is needed to replace detailed medical record audits in order to determine the cause of death. METHODS:A computer-based method is presented for determination of the cause of death in stillbirths and in neonatal deaths. It util...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Winbo IG,Serenius FH,Dahlquist GG,Källen BA

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Mobile phone use and exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) from it have been associated with symptoms in some studies, but the studies have shortcomings and their findings are inconsistent. We conducted a prospective cohort study to assess the association between amount of mobile phone u...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Auvinen A,Feychting M,Ahlbom A,Hillert L,Elliott P,Schüz J,Kromhout H,Toledano MB,Johansen C,Poulsen AH,Vermeulen R,Heinävaara S,Kojo K,Tettamanti G,COSMOS Study Group.

更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To determine the seasonal effect on all-cause and cause-specific mortality and to identify high-risk groups. METHODS:A 25-year follow-up of 19,019 male civil servants aged 40-69 years. RESULTS:All-cause mortality was seasonal (ratio of highest mortality rate during winter versus lowest rate during summer 1...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： van Rossum CT,Shipley MJ,Hemingway H,Grobbee DE,Mackenbach JP,Marmot MG

更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Child mortality estimates in Beirut are presented for the late 1970s and the mid 1980s, and changes in socio-religious differentials of mortality across time are investigated. METHODS:Baseline information was obtained from maternity registries in Beirut in 1984 and 1991. Age of mother, number of children ev...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Deeb M,Khlat M,Courbage Y

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) soluble antigen (MLSA) reagents have been developed with the aim of finding a reagent, comparable to tuberculin, which could identify individuals infected with the leprosy bacillus. They have yet to be evaluated fully in human populations. METHODS:More than 15000 individuals...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Sterne JA,Fine PE,Pönnighaus JM,Rees RJ,Chavula D

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Sexual behaviour data are crucial for understanding the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STD). Over a period (1987-1992) in which the HIV epidemic increased public awareness of safe sexual practices, we describe predictors of condom use, changes in condom use over time, and the estimated effects of t...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Stigum H,Magnus P,Veierød M,Bakketeig LS

更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Secular trends in cardiovascular risk factors have been described, but few studies have examined simultaneously the effects of both ageing and secular trends within the same cohort. METHODS:Development of cardiovascular risk factors over the past three decades was analysed using serial measurements from 10 ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Hulmán A,Tabák AG,Nyári TA,Vistisen D,Kivimäki M,Brunner EJ,Witte DR

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are few epidemiological data in the scientific literature about the carpal tunnel syndrome. This paper describes the characteristics of the 154 women referred to hospital for management of this condition among the 17,032 taking part in the Oxford-Family Planning Association contraceptive study. Standardized firs...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Vessey MP,Villard-Mackintosh L,Yeates D

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Contact sports have high rates of injury. Protective equipment regulations are widely used as an intervention to reduce injury risk. The purpose of this study was to investigate the injury prevention effect of regulations governing protective equipment in two full-body contact sports. METHODS:Injury rates i...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Marshall SW,Waller AE,Dick RW,Pugh CB,Loomis DP,Chalmers DJ

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of behaviour on health is a major area of contemporary epidemiological enquiry. Most epidemiological studies of the effect of behaviour on health assume that the levels of the behaviour-related variables are determined by factors other than those under study. However, in many instances, obvious examples are...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Briscoe J,Akin J,Guilkey D

更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In 2002, a poster alerted the French health authorities to the possibility that the risk of childhood leukaemia might be increased by hepatitis B vaccination. Elucidating the role of vaccination in the aetiology of childhood acute leukaemia (AL) was therefore included in the objectives of an ongoing national...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Mallol-Mesnard N,Menegaux F,Auvrignon A,Auclerc MF,Bertrand Y,Nelken B,Robert A,Michel G,Margueritte G,Perel Y,Méchinaud F,Bordigoni P,Leverger G,Baruchel A,Hémon D,Clavel J

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Human herpes virus 8 (HHV8) appears to be the primary aetiologic agent of Kaposi sarcoma (KS). To study the distribution of HHV8, a seroepidemiological study was carried out in western Sicily, where a high incidence rate of classical KS is well documented. METHODS:A total of 970 sera of healthy human immuno...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Perna AM,Bonura F,Vitale F,Viviano E,Di Benedetto MA,Ajello F,Villafrate MR,Prestileo T,Mancuso S,Goedert JJ,Romano N

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A comparative study of the effects of combined oral contraceptives (OC) on coagulation and fibrinolytic variables using standardized laboratory technique and methodology has been performed in Dublin (Ireland), Salvador (Brazil), Santiago (Chile) and Singapore. Of 777 entrants to the study, 622 were randomly allocated ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Leck I,Thomson JM,Bocaz JA,Barja P,Bonnar J,Daly L,Carrol A,Coutinho E,Goncalves M,Tsakok M

更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality has more than halved in England since the 1980s, but there are few data on small-area trends. We estimated CVD mortality by ward in 5-year intervals between 1982 and 2006, and examined trends in relation to starting mortality, region and community deprivation. METHODS:...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Asaria P,Fortunato L,Fecht D,Tzoulaki I,Abellan JJ,Hambly P,de Hoogh K,Ezzati M,Elliott P

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A random population sample from Eastern Finland was studied. Altogether approximately 12 000 persons aged 25 to 59 years were examined with participation rate of 92%. Smoking, high saturated fat diet, increased serum cholesterol and elevated blood pressure showed clustering among men but not among women. Smoking tende...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Salonen JT,Puska P,Kottke TE,Heinonen OP

更新日期：1981-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:We assessed the risk of tubal pregnancy among women who (1) were currently using an intrauterine device (IUD) and (2) had discontinued IUD use while still sexually active and at risk of pregnancy using data from a multicentre case-control study of married women conducted in Indonesia. METHODS:Cases were 560...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Basuki B,Rossing MA,Daling JR

更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A community survey was conducted in 1989 in Conakry, Guinea to determine reasons for low vaccination coverage. Some 377 children aged 12-23 months and their guardians were studied, of whom 204 (54%) had vaccination records. According to their records 19% of children were fully and correctly vaccinated. Thirty-nine inc...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Cutts FT,Diallo S,Zell ER,Rhodes P

更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interrupted time series designs are a valuable quasi-experimental approach for evaluating public health interventions. Interrupted time series extends a single group pre-post comparison by using multiple time points to control for underlying trends. But history bias-confounding by unexpected events occurring at the sa...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Degli Esposti M,Spreckelsen T,Gasparrini A,Wiebe DJ,Bonander C,Yakubovich AR,Humphreys DK

更新日期：2021-01-23 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In July 2004 a strain-specific vaccine was introduced to combat an epidemic of group B meningococcal disease in New Zealand. We estimated the effectiveness of this vaccine in pre-school-aged children. METHODS:We conducted a cohort analysis of all children in New Zealand who were aged 6 months to <5 years at...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Galloway Y,Stehr-Green P,McNicholas A,O'Hallahan J

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mortality among male employees was studied in a chromium chemical production plant, part of which was rebuilt in 1950-51 and the remainder in 1960, to reduce exposure to chromium bearing dusts. Of 2 101 employees initially employed between 1945 and 1974 and having worked at least 90 days, the vital status of 88% was a...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Hayes RB,Lilienfeld AM,Snell LM

更新日期：1979-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：Background:Analysis of physical activity usually focuses on a small number of summary statistics derived from accelerometer recordings: average counts per minute and the proportion of time spent in moderate-vigorous physical activity or in sedentary behaviour. We show how bigrams, a concept from the field of text minin...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Millard LAC,Tilling K,Lawlor DA,Flach PA,Gaunt TR

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：Background:In administrative database research, misclassification bias can result from diagnostic codes that imperfectly represent the condition being studied. It is unclear how to correct for this bias. Methods:Severe renal failure and Colles' fracture status were determined in two distinct cohorts using gold standar...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Walraven CV

更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00