Oral contraceptives and breast cancer risk: a case-control study.

abstract：BACKGROUND:To explore whether causes of maternal death can be investigated using the sisterhood method, an indirect method for providing a community-based estimate of the level of maternal mortality, this study compares the sisterhood causes of maternal death with the Matlab Demographic Surveillance System's (DSS) caus...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Shahidullah M

更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the Region of Rijeka, Croatia, a combined vaccination programme against rubella has been carried out since 1976, so that children of both sexes are vaccinated at age 15 months and all girls at the age of 14 (8th grade of primary school). This vaccination programme has been carried out unchanged up till now. In 1989...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Bakasun V,Suzanić-Karnincić J

更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Geoffrey Rose's 1985 paper, Sick individuals and sick populations, continues to spark debate and discussion. Since this original publication, there have been two notable challenges to Rose's population strategy of prevention. First, identification of high-risk individuals has improved considerably in accuracy, which s...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： McLaren L,McIntyre L,Kirkpatrick S

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Vital statistics underestimate the prevalence of perinatal and infant deaths. This is particularly significant when these parameters affect eligibility for international assistance for newly emerging nations. OBJECTIVE:To determine the level of registration of livebirths, stillbirths and infant deaths in Ja...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： McCaw-Binns AM,Fox K,Foster-Williams KE,Ashley DE,Irons B

更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Evaluation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention strategies requires an on-going follow up of the frequency of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection. The aim of this study was to examine the trends in prevalence and incidence of HIV-1 infection among injecting drug users (IDU) duri...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Hernández-Aguado I,Aviño MJ,Pérez-Hoyos S,González-Aracil J,Ruiz-Pérez I,Torrella A,García de la Hera M,Belda F,Fernández E,Santos C,Trullen J,Fenosa A

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The relationship between body fat and different aspects of glucose tolerance was examined within the Zutphen Study. In 1970 an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was carried out in 404 non-diabetic men aged 50-70. None of the subjects could be classified as having impaired glucose tolerance. Body mass index (BMI), sub...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Feskens EJ,Kromhout D

更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：Background:To assess the worldwide variation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) incidence, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based data published to date. Methods:We reviewed Medline and Embase up to June 2015 and included all population-based studies of newly diagnosed ALS cases, us...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Marin B,Boumédiene F,Logroscino G,Couratier P,Babron MC,Leutenegger AL,Copetti M,Preux PM,Beghi E

更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Trachoma was considered to have been 'eradicated' from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, until 1982 when a number of new cases of trachoma were reported in preschool children in Bebedouro, a small town in northwestern São Paulo. A household survey was undertaken to assess the prevalence and epidemiological characteristi...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Luna EJ,Medina NH,Oliveira MB,de Barros OM,Vranjac A,Melles HH,West S,Taylor HR

更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Neighbourhood socioeconomic status (SES) may affect rich and poor residents differentially. Two models are proposed. Model 1: living in a non-deprived neighbourhood is better for health because better collective material and social resources are available. Model 2: being poor (rich) relative to the neighbour...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Stafford M,Marmot M

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Present understanding of increased risk of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related infectious mononucleosis among children of low birth order or small sibships is mainly based on old and indirect evidence. Societal changes and methodological limitations of previous studies call for new data. METHODS:We used data f...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Rostgaard K,Nielsen TR,Wohlfahrt J,Ullum H,Pedersen O,Erikstrup C,Nielsen LP,Hjalgrim H

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:This is a study of the associations of adult leg and trunk length with early life height and weight, diet, socioeconomic circumstances, and health, and parental height, divorce and death. METHOD:The data used were collected in a longitudinal study of the health, development and ageing of a British national ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Wadsworth ME,Hardy RJ,Paul AA,Marshall SF,Cole TJ

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The proportional relationships of the four numbers in a 2 x 2 table can be displayed using two types of box graphs. In one approach, a 'unitary square' is first divided according to the denominator proportions of the two groups formed in a cohort or case-control study, and then re-divided according to the numerator pr...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Feinstein AR,Kwoh CK

更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：Background:The Obstetrics and Periodontal Therapy (OPT) study, a randomized controlled trial, reported no effect of periodontal treatment on preterm birth. Even though there were more spontaneous abortions or stillbirths in the control group, sensitivity analyses using conventional approaches did not change the results...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Merchant AT,Sutherland MW,Liu J,Pitiphat W,Dasanayake A

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A generalized least squares regression approach is proposed for the analysis of data arising from experimental studies involving cluster randomization and non-experimental studies in which the major treatment factor corresponds to a characteristic which applies at the cluster level. This approach is more flexible than...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Donner A

更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To assess whether the offspring of UK veterans of the first Gulf war are at increased risk of fetal death or congenital malformation. METHOD:This was a retrospective reproductive cohort study of UK Gulf war veterans and a demographically similar comparison group who were in service at the time but were not ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Doyle P,Maconochie N,Davies G,Maconochie I,Pelerin M,Prior S,Lewis S

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：Background:Existing studies of the 1944-45 Dutch famine found little evidence of the association between early life malnutrition and midlife cognition. Methods:Among 2446 rural participants born between 1958 and 1963 in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we examined effects of exposure to China's 1959...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Xu H,Zhang Z,Li L,Liu J

更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Although individual studies have been inconsistent, meta-analyses of epidemiological data suggest that high folate and vitamin B12 levels may be associated with increased prostate cancer risk. METHODS:Within JANUS, a prospective cohort in Norway (n = 317 000) with baseline serum samples, we conducted a nest...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： de Vogel S,Meyer K,Fredriksen Å,Ulvik A,Ueland PM,Nygård O,Vollset SE,Tell GS,Tretli S,Bjørge T

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Aboriginal Australians experience a higher risk of diabetes than the general Australian population. In this paper, we conducted a nested case-control study to determine whether the presence of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria is associated with the development of diabetes among diabetes-free Aboriginal ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Wang Z,Hoy WE

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Increased mortality is associated with both very low and very high ambient temperatures. This study assesses the relationship between daily numbers of deaths and variations in ambient temperature within the city of Valencia. METHODS:The daily number of deaths from all causes (total deaths and only those occ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Ballester F,Corella D,Pérez-Hoyos S,Sáez M,Hervás A

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To determine the seasonal effect on all-cause and cause-specific mortality and to identify high-risk groups. METHODS:A 25-year follow-up of 19,019 male civil servants aged 40-69 years. RESULTS:All-cause mortality was seasonal (ratio of highest mortality rate during winter versus lowest rate during summer 1...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： van Rossum CT,Shipley MJ,Hemingway H,Grobbee DE,Mackenbach JP,Marmot MG

更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:The dietary intakes of 90 confirmed primary liver cancer cases were compared against 90 age-sex matched controls. Dietary recall, obtained by the same nutritionist, was taken for each change of residence lasting one year or more. The frequency and amounts of food items consumed were calculated into units of ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Bulatao-Jayme J,Almero EM,Castro MC,Jardeleza MT,Salamat LA

更新日期：1982-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Themba Lethu Clinical Cohort was established in 2004 to allow large patient-level analyses from a single HIV treatment site to evaluate National Treatment Guidelines, answer questions of national and international policy relevance and to combine an economic and epidemiologic focus on HIV research. The current obje...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Fox MP,Maskew M,MacPhail AP,Long L,Brennan AT,Westreich D,MacLeod WB,Majuba P,Sanne IM

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：Background:We previously showed that low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening in asbestos-exposed workers is effective in detecting lung cancer (LC) at an early stage. Here, we evaluate whether LDCT screening could reduce mortality from LC in such a high-risk population. Methods:Within a cohort of 2433 asbestos-e...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Barbone F,Barbiero F,Belvedere O,Rosolen V,Giangreco M,Zanin T,Pisa FE,Meduri S,Follador A,Grossi F,Fasola G

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Using routinely collected maternity discharge data from 250,000 women in Scotland, we examined the risks of late spontaneous abortion and preterm delivery during the period 20 up to 36 weeks of gestation. Gestational age is treated as a fetal survival time and the risks of delivery associated with a history of spontan...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Pickering RM,Deeks JJ

更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Predictions of primary liver cancer (PLC) incidence rates and case numbers are critical to understand and plan for PLC disease burden. METHODS:Data on PLC incidence rates and case numbers from 1990 to 2017 were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease database. The estimated average percentage change (EA...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Liu Z,Xu K,Jiang Y,Cai N,Fan J,Mao X,Suo C,Jin L,Zhang T,Chen X

更新日期：2020-12-08 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Mobile phone use and exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) from it have been associated with symptoms in some studies, but the studies have shortcomings and their findings are inconsistent. We conducted a prospective cohort study to assess the association between amount of mobile phone u...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Auvinen A,Feychting M,Ahlbom A,Hillert L,Elliott P,Schüz J,Kromhout H,Toledano MB,Johansen C,Poulsen AH,Vermeulen R,Heinävaara S,Kojo K,Tettamanti G,COSMOS Study Group.

更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：Background:Maternal short stature has been observed to increase the risk of preterm birth; however, the aetiology behind this phenomenon is unknown. We investigated whether preeclampsia, an obstetric complication that often leads to preterm delivery and is reported to have an inverse association with women's height, me...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Morisaki N,Ogawa K,Urayama KY,Sago H,Sato S,Saito S

更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Cross-national comparisons of injury mortality can suggest possible causal explanations for injuries across different countries and cultures. This study identifies differences in injury mortality between Los Angeles (LA) County, California and Mexico City DF, Mexico. METHODS:Using LA County and Mexico City ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Hijar M,Chu LD,Kraus JF

更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a questionnaire administered to a general population sample of 1673 adults, a 14-item scale of social desirability was divided into two groups of questions, almost evenly divided between desirable and undesirable behaviour, the percentage answering 'true' was higher when the question was asked early than when it wa...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Helsing KJ,Comstock GW

更新日期：1976-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recognition of the increasing importance of early dementia screening for both research and clinical purposes has led to the development of numerous screening instruments. The most promising of these are based on neuropsychological measures which are able to focus on very specific cognitive functions. Of these tests th...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Ritchie KA,Hallerman EF

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00