Antibiotics for the treatment of dysentery in children.

abstract：:This study investigates whether consumption of fish during pregnancy may prolong gestation or increase fetal growth. From 1984 to 1987, 11,980 pregnant Danish women filled out a questionnaire while they were in the 36th week of gestation; this was 83% of all such women living in two geographically defined areas. The w...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Olsen SF,Olsen J,Frische G

更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Research in modern biomedicine and social science requires sample sizes so large that they can often only be achieved through a pooled co-analysis of data from several studies. But the pooling of information from individuals in a central database that may be queried by researchers raises important ethico-leg...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Gaye A,Marcon Y,Isaeva J,LaFlamme P,Turner A,Jones EM,Minion J,Boyd AW,Newby CJ,Nuotio ML,Wilson R,Butters O,Murtagh B,Demir I,Doiron D,Giepmans L,Wallace SE,Budin-Ljøsne I,Oliver Schmidt C,Boffetta P,Boniol M,B

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:It is well established now that the incidence of schizophrenia is extremely high for several ethnic minority groups in western Europe, but there is considerable variation among groups. We investigated whether the increased risk among these groups depends upon the degree to which they perceive discrimination ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Veling W,Selten JP,Susser E,Laan W,Mackenbach JP,Hoek HW

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Peptic ulcer (PU) disease is the cause of substantial morbidity and mortality in a number of countries including Australia. Despite diagnostic and treatment advances, sustained mortality from PU disease has been reported. To understand this problem a birth cohort analysis using the Median Polish Technique (MPT) was pe...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Westbrook JI,Rushworth RL

更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The immune adherence haemagglutination assay (IAHA), widely used for human viral disease diagnosis, has been adapted for detection of rabies virus antibodies in dog sera. Rabies virus antibody titres obtained by the IAHA correlated well with those obtained by the currently accepted test for rabies antibody determinati...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Bota CN,Anderson RK,Goyal SM,Charamella LJ,Howard DR,Briggs DJ

更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An analysis is made of the association between density factors and the profile of cause specific death rates in small areas (Bezirke) of Hannover, Germany, in 1968-69. Evaluation of urban ecological methods and logic is done to determine the plausibility of making meaningful statements about cause specific death risks...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Myers GC,Manton KG

更新日期：1977-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The association between breast cancer risk and oral contraceptive use was examined in 401 breast cancer patients and 519 hospital controls interviewed in New York City during 1979-1981. Control subjects were ascertained utilizing variable ratio matching to the cases (2:1 or 1:1) by sex, age, hospital, and time of diag...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Harris RE,Zang EA,Wynder EL

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Sexual behaviour data are crucial for understanding the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STD). Over a period (1987-1992) in which the HIV epidemic increased public awareness of safe sexual practices, we describe predictors of condom use, changes in condom use over time, and the estimated effects of t...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Stigum H,Magnus P,Veierød M,Bakketeig LS

更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Using routinely collected maternity discharge data from 250,000 women in Scotland, we examined the risks of late spontaneous abortion and preterm delivery during the period 20 up to 36 weeks of gestation. Gestational age is treated as a fetal survival time and the risks of delivery associated with a history of spontan...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Pickering RM,Deeks JJ

更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Epidemiology's role as the 'diagnostic' arm of public health has submitted epidemiological reasoning and practice to the crossfire of oppositional social values and demands. In Latin America, the visible signs of extreme social and political authoritarianism and inequity, as well as the growing unfairness of...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Breilh J

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Operational research (OR) analysis provides information and systems to support decision making. In health care there are examples of OR being used to support decisions surrounding both the organization of health services and the treatment of individual patients. However, its uptake is currently low in spite of the inc...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Beech R

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Hand dominance and spinal posture were studied for their prediction of the development of thoracic hyperkyphosis during the pubertal growth spurt. METHODS:The cohort consisted of all the fourth-grade school children of the Western School District of Helsinki, Finland, in the spring of 1986. They were examin...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Nissinen M,Heliövaara M,Seitsamo J,Poussa M

更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A continuum of reproductive causality is postulated, extending from fetal deaths - abortion, stillbirth, and neonatal - through a descending gradient of brain damage manifested in neuropsychiatric disorders. The research and administrative public health implications of these findings and the concept of the continuum a...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Lilienfeld AM,Pasamanick B,Rogers M

更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of orphanhood among children has been greatly exacerbated by the HIV/AIDS pandemic. If orphanhood harms a child's development and these effects perpetuate into adult life, then the African orphan crisis could seriously jeopardize the continent's future generations. Wheth...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Beegle K,De Weerdt J,Dercon S

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Syndromes for which no physical or pathological changes can be found tend to be researched and managed in isolation although hypotheses suggest that they may be one entity. The objectives of our study were to investigate the co-occurrence, in the general population, of syndromes that are frequently unexplain...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Aggarwal VR,McBeth J,Zakrzewska JM,Lunt M,Macfarlane GJ

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Although individual studies have been inconsistent, meta-analyses of epidemiological data suggest that high folate and vitamin B12 levels may be associated with increased prostate cancer risk. METHODS:Within JANUS, a prospective cohort in Norway (n = 317 000) with baseline serum samples, we conducted a nest...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： de Vogel S,Meyer K,Fredriksen Å,Ulvik A,Ueland PM,Nygård O,Vollset SE,Tell GS,Tretli S,Bjørge T

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：Background:Associations of adult height with cardiometabolic and pulmonary traits have been studied in majority European ancestry populations using Mendelian randomization and polygenic risk score (PRS) analysis. The standard PRS approach entails creating a PRS for height using variants identified in prior genome-wide ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Sofer T,Moon JY,Isasi CR,Qi Q,Shah NA,Kaplan RC,Kuniholm MH

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Many European countries have in recent decades reported growing socioeconomic differentials in mortality. While these trends have usually paralleled high unemployment and increasing income disparities, Sweden had low unemployment and narrowing income differences. This study describes trends, 1961-1990, in to...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Diderichsen F,Hallqvist J

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Social inequities and their relation to health form a topic of growing concern in the Netherlands. The present investigation on educational level and mortality was carried out in a cohort of men born in 1932, examined for military service in 1950/1951 and for whom vital statistics could be obtained. In the group of 78...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Doornbos G,Kromhout D

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Data from the Stockholm Health of the Population Study in 1984 (n = 6217) show small differences in mean alcohol consumption and in the prevalence of high consumers in various socioeconomic and educational categories of both sexes. Among young people mean consumption was higher in those who had low formal education, e...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Romelsjö A

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The 'Mendelian randomization' approach uses genotype as an instrumental variable to distinguish between causal and non-causal explanations of biomarker-disease associations. Classical methods for instrumental variable analysis are limited to linear or probit models without latent variables or missing data, rely on asy...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： McKeigue PM,Campbell H,Wild S,Vitart V,Hayward C,Rudan I,Wright AF,Wilson JF

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：Background:Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal. Most countries have exhibited a stable or decreasing incidence over time. The aim of this study was to provide updated French temporal trends in pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality over the past three decades. Methods:Incidence was estimated using the Frenc...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Bouvier AM,Uhry Z,Jooste V,Drouillard A,Remontet L,Launoy G,Leone N,French Network of Cancer Registries (FRANCIM).

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The EURODEM re-analyses of 11 case-control studies of Alzheimer's disease imply that familial aggregation of dementia, Down's syndrome, and parkinsonism occurs more frequently in Alzheimer's disease than in matched controls. Prior history of head trauma, hypothyroidism, and depression also occurs in higher frequency a...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Kokmen E

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid autoantibodies (TAA) to either microsome or thyroglobulin were measured in 1251 samples from the general population, 546 males and 705 females, aged 40 or over in Hisayama, a Japanese rural town. TAA was positive in 7.7% of men ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Okamura K,Nakashima T,Ueda K,Inoue K,Omae T,Fujishima M

更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The prevalence of diabetes, the interrelationship of blood glucose, serum insulin, and lipids, and their relationship to ischemic heart dise ase in a rural Jamaican community were investigated. The people were mo stly of West African descent. Occupations were primarily agricultural w ith much physical labor. Approx...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Florey Cdu V,McDonald H,McDonald J,Miall WE

更新日期：1972-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Trachoma was considered to have been 'eradicated' from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, until 1982 when a number of new cases of trachoma were reported in preschool children in Bebedouro, a small town in northwestern São Paulo. A household survey was undertaken to assess the prevalence and epidemiological characteristi...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Luna EJ,Medina NH,Oliveira MB,de Barros OM,Vranjac A,Melles HH,West S,Taylor HR

更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Monks in a rural community in northern Thailand were observed to conduct anti-smoking activities. To evaluate the effects of the monks' efforts on change of people's smoking behaviour and attitudes, we conducted a survey of adults > or = 15 years of age in this village (intervention village sample) and a randomly sele...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Swaddiwudhipong W,Chaovakiratipong C,Nguntra P,Khumklam P,Silarug N

更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this paper dot maps are used as an epidemiological tool to describe the spatial patterns of cases, non-cases and some relevant risk factors associated with the occurrence of Schistosoma mansoni infection in an urban environment. The study was carried out in Santo Antonio de Jesus, a town in north-east Brazil with a...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Barreto ML

更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Olive oil is the main source of dietary lipids in most Mediterranean countries where mortality and incidence rates for coronary heart disease (CHD) are the lowest in Europe. Although international comparisons and mechanistic reasons support the hypothesis that a high olive oil intake may prevent CHD, limited...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Fernández-Jarne E,Martínez-Losa E,Prado-Santamaría M,Brugarolas-Brufau C,Serrano-Martínez M,Martínez-González MA

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Spot checks are becoming a popular method to assess hygiene behaviours; however, little is known about their repeatability or predictability. We evaluated the within-household repeatability of hygiene indices created from spot checks and their ability to predict incidence of diarrhoea in young Guatemalan chi...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Webb AL,Stein AD,Ramakrishnan U,Hertzberg VS,Urizar M,Martorell R

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00