Abstract：
:Aboriginal communities have a high prevalence of upper and lower respiratory tract disease. One thousand two hundred and eighty seven West Australian Aborigines and 265 non-Aborigines were examined. Twenty nine per cent of Aborigines had lower respiratory tract abnormalities. Amongst 635 Aboriginal children less than 15 years of age, 23% had lower respiratory tract signs--four times the prevalence in 174 non-Aborigines. Twenty six per cent of Aborigines under 10 years of age had signs of otitis media, compared to 3% amongst non-Aborigines. Two hundred and thirty eight (53%) of Aboriginal children less than 10 years of age had nasal discharge, compared to 1.6% of the non-Aboriginal children.
journal_name
Int J Epidemioljournal_title
International journal of epidemiologyauthors
Torzillo PJ,Waterford JE,Hollows FC,Jones DLdoi
10.1093/ije/12.1.105subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1983-03-01 00:00:00pages
105-6issue
1eissn
0300-5771issn
1464-3685journal_volume
12pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:End-stage renal disease (ESRD) incidence and prevalence are increasing in many countries worldwide. Due to the high cost of therapy, predicting future numbers of patients requiring dialysis and transplantation is necessary for health care planners. Projecting therapy-specific chronic disease prevalence is in...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/27.2.274
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Coronary heart disease (CHD) is regarded as a disease of developed 'western' societies. Within developed societies, however, CHD is typically a disease of the less affluent socioeconomic classes. This has not always been the case. Forty years ago. CHD was reported to be more common among the upper social classes. In N...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/20.2.393
更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background:In order to support health service organizations in arranging a system for prevention of road traffic collisions (RTC), it is important to study the usefulness of sleep assessment tools. A cohort study was used to evaluate the effectiveness of subjective and objective sleep assessment tools to assess for the...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyw141
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The prevalence of obesity has increased rapidly in most developed countries in the last decades, and this rise is now spreading to developing countries. Childhood obesity is also increasing. The UK government has set a target to halt the rise in childhood obesity by 2010. Dietary recommendations are a centra...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/ije/dyl208
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper illustrates the basis of, expectations for and evaluation of prevention from an epidemiological perspective. Specifically, the extent to which epidemiologists could and should be involved in designing and evaluating public health interventions is addressed. Changes in the view on disease causation and epide...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/ije/24.4.655
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this paper we examine the effects on life expectancy of elimination of 4 major causes of death. Methodologically, we compare the results of cause elimination under assumptions of pattern of failure elimination and assumptions of underlying cause elimination in a modified multiple-decrement life table framework for ...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/9.2.111
更新日期：1980-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In Sri Lanka, the major malaria vector Anopheles culicifacies breeds in pools formed in streams and river beds and it is likely that people living close to such breeding sites are at higher risk of malaria than people living further away. This study was done to quantify the importance of house location relat...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyg055
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To determine the seasonal effect on all-cause and cause-specific mortality and to identify high-risk groups. METHODS:A 25-year follow-up of 19,019 male civil servants aged 40-69 years. RESULTS:All-cause mortality was seasonal (ratio of highest mortality rate during winter versus lowest rate during summer 1...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/30.5.1109
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:A central pattern of body fat is recognized as a risk indicator of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. The development of this body fat pattern from childhood into adulthood however, remains to be explored. METHODS:The development of two trunk skinfolds (subscapular; supra-iliac), two extremity skinfolds ...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/25.6.1162
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Preliminary research suggests an association between depression and subsequent increased risk of infections, yet little is known on this topic. This study investigated the association between depression and risk of various types of infections, including temporal and dose-response relationships. METHODS:A pr...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyv333
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In large-scale epidemiological studies of stillbirths and neonatal deaths a method is needed to replace detailed medical record audits in order to determine the cause of death. METHODS:A computer-based method is presented for determination of the cause of death in stillbirths and in neonatal deaths. It util...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/26.6.1298
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Prospective studies of alcohol and mortality in middle-aged men almost universally find a U-shaped relationship between alcohol consumption and risk of mortality. This review demonstrates the extent to which different studies lead to different risk estimates, analyses the putative influence of abstention as ...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/ije/24.1.100
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The total duration of 'ovulatory activity' or 'ovulatory age' has been reported to be the strongest indicator of the risk of ovarian cancer. In the case-control study examined in this paper this variable was found to be a strong correlate of the risk of ovarian cancer. However, the finding that in older women the majo...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/12.2.161
更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background:Mendelian randomization (MR) is being increasingly used to strengthen causal inference in observational studies. Availability of summary data of genetic associations for a variety of phenotypes from large genome-wide association studies (GWAS) allows straightforward application of MR using summary data metho...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyx102
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A questionnaire survey was administered in January 1982 to 3090 junior high school boys and girls in Nagoya, Japan. The proportion of current regular smokers who smoke at least one cigarette per week was 3.6% for boys and 0.5% for girls. By the third grade this had increased to 6.9% and 1.2% respectively for each sex....
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/17.4.814
更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Several studies have shown that inactivated, whole-cell oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) confer both direct protection on vaccinees and herd protection on populations. Because our earlier cluster-randomized effectiveness trial (CRT) in urban Bangladesh failed to detect OCV herd protection, we reanalysed the tria...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/ije/dyz060
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors studied how the introduction of several modifications to a basic food frequency questionnaire can influence the results of dietary surveys. Modifications covered eight combinations based on three levels: increasing versus decreasing order of frequency categories; questionnaires without versus with question...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/ije/21.6.1144
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background:Existing studies of the 1944-45 Dutch famine found little evidence of the association between early life malnutrition and midlife cognition. Methods:Among 2446 rural participants born between 1958 and 1963 in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we examined effects of exposure to China's 1959...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyx222
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mildmay Uganda (MUg), an HIV treatment centre near Kampala, the capital of Uganda, has entered into a memorandum of understanding to collaborate with Canadian researchers at the University of Ottawa to develop their research programme and develop an observational cohort database (the MUg observational cohort). The pri...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dys170
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Data from several studies indicate that children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy may be at a risk of overweight compared with children of non-smoking mothers. The size of this relation, however, is unclear, as is the age at which it becomes detectable. METHODS:Prospective data for 34 866 children enr...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyi218
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We conducted this combined analysis of available data from studies with information on this issue to clarify the association between Trichomonas vaginalis infection and cervical neoplasia. METHODS:We performed MEDLINE searches (1966-1993) using the key words and phrases 'trichomonas vaginitis' and 'neoplasm...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1093/ije/23.4.682
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Seemingly contradictory data support controversies concerning the relationships between food intake and illnesses. The present study of 1035 adults, aged 30-39 years, shows that (1) daily energy intake is not higher in obese than in non-obese people, (2) obesity is more prevalent in social groups where energy intake i...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/19.3.571
更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Exposure to a pre-natal famine environment has been associated with a persistent decrease in DNA methylation of the IGF2 gene, although study findings on other loci have been highly variable. There have been no studies to date of the relation between pre-natal famine and overall global DNA methylation in adu...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyr137
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The genetic basis of several familial cancers including breast and colon cancers has been identified recently. The occurrence of multiple cancers in one individual is also suggestive of a genetic predisposition. To evaluate inherited predisposition in pancreatic cancer we compared the clinical data of pancre...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/29.6.999
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two controlled, double blind field trials of a non-living promastigote vaccine against New World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (NWCL) were conducted in 1981 and 1983 in Brazil. Brazilian Army conscripts were randomly assigned to the vaccine or placebo groups and tested during their training in the Amazon jungle, a high risk...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/ije/15.4.572
更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFbeta1) is a multifunctional signalling molecule with a wide array of roles. Animal experiments suggest that TGFbeta1 plays a biphasic role in carcinogenesis by protecting against the early formation of benign epithelial growths, but promoting malignant transformation of t...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyh102
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Short stature has been associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), although the reason for the association remains unclear. Data on the relation between stature and stroke is more limited. We examined the association between stature and CHD as well as between stature and stroke in men ...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/ije/27.6.970
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The terminology describing missingness mechanisms is confusing. In particular the meaning of 'missing at random' is often misunderstood, leading researchers faced with missing data problems away from multiple imputation, a method with considerable advantages. The purpose of this article is to clarify how 'missing at r...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyu080
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In view of the many changes in the approach to the detection and management of hypertension that have occurred, the paucity of current data on this subject in Israel limits the possibilities of making international comparisons or evaluating trends. This study contributes recent information on the occupationally-active...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/21.4.676
更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Recently, using a counterfactual framework, a causal mediation analysis has been formalized to decompose the total effect of a time-fixed exposure on an outcome into four components that can be loosely defined as being components due to mediation only, interaction only, mediated interaction and neither. The ...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyy252
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
