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Second-hand smoke in mental healthcare settings: time to implement total smoke-free bans?

Abstract：

BACKGROUND:Second-hand smoke is associated with adverse health effects. Many countries have extended smoke-free policies to public buildings and workplaces such as hospitals, but mental health units have usually been exempted from complete smoke-free bans. The objective of this study was to evaluate second-hand smoke levels in mental health units with different types of smoking bans. Method We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate second-hand smoke in 64 mental health inpatient units (95.5% of the all such units) in Catalonia, Spain. We measured air concentrations of particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) as a marker of second-hand smoke in different locations at each unit. RESULTS:The geometric mean (95% confidence interval) of the PM2.5 concentration was 8.81 μg/m(3) (8.06-9.56) in units with indoor and outdoor smoking bans, 13.80 μg/m(3) (13.23-14.36) in units with indoor smoking bans that allowed smoking in outdoor areas, 24.29 μg/m(3) (23.50-25.03) in units with indoor smoking rooms and 51.00 μg/m(3) (49.83-52.04) in units that allowed smoking in common indoor areas (P < 0.05). The regression model adjusted for confounding variables showed a linear increase of PM2.5. The PM2.5 concentration in smoking rooms was 286.50 μg/m(3) (283.95-288.89). CONCLUSIONS:Only units with indoor and outdoor smoking bans had PM2.5 levels below the standard recommended WHO levels of 10 μg/m(3). Units with more permissive smoking policies had PM2.5 levels from second-hand smoke that have harmful health effects.

journal_name

Int J Epidemiol

journal_title

International journal of epidemiology

authors

Ballbè M,Sureda X,Martínez-Sánchez JM,Saltó E,Gual A,Fernández E

doi

10.1093/ije/dyt014

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2013-06-01 00:00:00

pages

886-93

issue

3

eissn

0300-5771

issn

1464-3685

pii

dyt014

journal_volume

42

pub_type

杂志文章

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