Abstract:
:In tropical Africa, parasitic and infective diseases remain the predominant causes of mortality and morbidity, and health and epidemiological services are poorly developed. Experience elsewhere has shown the value of surveillance in the control of communicable diseases and this paper contains a brief review of the use of surveillance in tropical African countries and considers the priorities, techniques and constraints of the major programmes.
journal_name
Int J Epidemioljournal_title
International journal of epidemiologyauthors
Lucas AOdoi
10.1093/ije/5.1.39keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1976-03-01 00:00:00pages
39-43issue
1eissn
0300-5771issn
1464-3685journal_volume
5pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Although cigarette smoking is considered to be the most important cause of lung cancer, smoking behaviour cannot fully explain the epidemiological characteristics of lung cancer in Taiwanese women, who rarely smoke but contract lung cancer relatively often. There are other causes of lung cancer that have pro...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/26.1.24
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A review of the international epidemiological literature is undertaken with the view of identifying the main demographic and sociocultural features of MS as they apply to ethnic groups. Ethnic groups are differentiated principally in terms of three variables: race, religion, and nationality. Although MS is present in ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/ije/17.1.14
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite abundant evidence that lower education is associated with a higher risk of smoking, whether the association is causal has not been convincingly established. METHODS:We investigated the association between education and lifetime smoking patterns in a birth cohort established in 1959 and followed thro...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dym250
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Immunocompromised patients are at increased risk of acquiring healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and often require specialized models of care. Surveillance of HAIs is essential for effective infection-prevention programmes. However, little is known regarding standardized or specific surveillance methods...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyz162
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In Switzerland, assisted suicide is legal but there is concern that vulnerable or disadvantaged groups are more likely to die in this way than other people. We examined socio-economic factors associated with assisted suicide. METHODS:We linked the suicides assisted by right-to-die associations during 2003-0...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyu010
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A proportional mortality study was conducted to determine if state of birth is a risk factor associated with motor neurone disease (MND) and Parkinson's disease (PD) using US death certificate information for 1981. State of birth was used as a surrogate variable for location of early childhood environment. A gradient ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/22.5.898
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The BED assay was developed to estimate the proportion of recent HIV infections in a population. We used the BED assay as a proxy for acute infection to quantify the associated risk of mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT) during pregnancy and delivery. Design A total of 3773 HIV-1 sero-positive women were test...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyr055
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Only a few prospective studies have examined the relationship between the frequency of cigarette smoking and the incidence of diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to determine whether greater frequency of cigarette smoking accelerated the development of diabetes mellitus, and whether quitting reve...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/30.3.540
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Small body size at birth, as a marker of an adverse intrauterine environment, has recently emerged as an important risk factor for death from cardiovascular disease. Our aim was to study the relationship between small size at birth and all-cause and non-cardiovascular mortality, which has been poorly documen...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyi048
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The association between breast cancer risk and oral contraceptive use was examined in 401 breast cancer patients and 519 hospital controls interviewed in New York City during 1979-1981. Control subjects were ascertained utilizing variable ratio matching to the cases (2:1 or 1:1) by sex, age, hospital, and time of diag...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/19.2.240
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is endemic in many rural areas of Brazil where different transmission patterns of the disease have been described. This ecological study was carried out in a municipality located in Southeast Brazil and aimed to investigate the space-temporal patterns of the disease and...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/28.5.982
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Identifying mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in midlife could improve early identification of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Also, AD is highly heritable, but the heritability of MCI has not been established. We estimated prevalence rates, association with premorbid general cognitive ability (GCA) and heritability...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyt242
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Examinations of 'healthy' men in Helsinki and in rural west and east Finland in 1956 included estimation of total cholesterol and that in the HDL and beta fractions separated by electrophoresis. Vital status to the end of 1980 has been ascertained for all but eight of the 526 men aged 35-61 and for all but two of 261 ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/13.4.428
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of behaviour on health is a major area of contemporary epidemiological enquiry. Most epidemiological studies of the effect of behaviour on health assume that the levels of the behaviour-related variables are determined by factors other than those under study. However, in many instances, obvious examples are...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/19.1.147
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Little is known about the relationship between physical functional health and long-term risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) independently of known risk factors in a general population. METHODS:Men and women aged 40-79 years at baseline who completed a health and lifestyle questionnaire and attended a healt...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyq061
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The STEPS Study aims to search for the precursors and causes of problems in child health and well-being by using a multidisciplinary approach. The cohort consists of all mothers (Finnish or Swedish speaking) who had live deliveries in the Hospital District of Southwest Finland from January 2008 to April 2010 and their...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dys150
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recognition of the increasing importance of early dementia screening for both research and clinical purposes has led to the development of numerous screening instruments. The most promising of these are based on neuropsychological measures which are able to focus on very specific cognitive functions. Of these tests th...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/18.3.717
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Syndromes for which no physical or pathological changes can be found tend to be researched and managed in isolation although hypotheses suggest that they may be one entity. The objectives of our study were to investigate the co-occurrence, in the general population, of syndromes that are frequently unexplain...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyi265
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the influence of paternal smoking on birth defects is of great public interest, epidemiological evidence concerning this potential relationship is extremely limited. A stratified random sample of 29 hospitals in the Shanghai Municipality, China, was used to select 1012 birth defects cases and controls. Mother...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/21.2.273
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to assess the effect of hysterectomy on subsequent risk of cancer among 25,382 hysterectomized and a similar number of non-hysterectomized control women, registered in 1963-1976 in the Mass Screening Registry (MSR). METHODS:Cancer cases were obtained from...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/26.3.476
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hip fractures in elderly people are an important public health problem in many Western populations. Little is known of their epidemiology in Oriental populations. A comparative study of hip fracture incidence in Hong Kong and Southampton showed similar incidence rates by age and sex. In the last two decades hip fractu...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/19.4.1119
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Uncontrolled confounding by personal exposures like smoking can limit the inferential power of occupational cohort studies. We developed and demonstrate a refinement of an existing type of sensitivity analysis, indirect adjustment, for evaluating the potential magnitude of confounding by alcohol and tobacco....
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyh151
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Knowing the starting date of the BSE epidemic and its size at the very beginning is crucial to interpret the timing of the nvCJD cases and to forecast the nvCJD epidemic. The first cases occurred in 1985. The models devised by Anderson (back-calculation) and Dealler (age-period-cohort) led to an estimate of ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/28.3.526
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data on T4 and TSH values derived from a voluntary screening programme of thyroid function in Belgium are presented. Significant differences in T4 values according to sex, maturity and birthplace are shown. ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/7.3.249
更新日期:1978-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Analyses were made of the relation between maternal alcohol consumption before and in early pregnancy and five infant outcome variables: birthweight, crown-heel length, occipitofrontal circumference and the Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes. The data were analysed for all centres combined and separately. From tabulation...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/ije/21.supplement_1.s45
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To describe the seroepidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in a population of Egyptian children under 3 years. METHODS:A cohort of children under 36 months, residing in Abu Homos, Egypt, were visited at home twice weekly. Information regarding the child's breastfeeding status was obtained, and period...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/29.5.928
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Involvement of adult Ixodes persulcatus ticks in the transmission of Lyme disease in Hailin County, Heilongjiang Province, China, is reported. In 1986 from April through August adult I. persulcatus was the dominant tick in this endemic area with an infection rate of 43% for the Lyme disease spirochaete, Borrelia burgd...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/19.4.1061
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The predisposing and precipitating causes of acute myocardial infarction (MI) are multiple; furthermore, different individuals may have different susceptibility, to a large extent genetically determined, to each of them. In spite of the complex aetiology of MI and of our limited knowledge of the causes responsible for...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/ije/30.suppl_1.s41
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a population-based cohort study in Southern Brazil, 87.3% of 5914 liveborn infants were followed for over 12 months. The 215 infant deaths occurring in this cohort were studied in relation to birthweight, gestational age and socioeconomic status. Causes of death were ascertained through the review of case notes and...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/16.2.239
更新日期:1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:End-stage renal disease (ESRD) incidence and prevalence are increasing in many countries worldwide. Due to the high cost of therapy, predicting future numbers of patients requiring dialysis and transplantation is necessary for health care planners. Projecting therapy-specific chronic disease prevalence is in...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/27.2.274
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00