Abstract:
:In a population-based cohort study in Southern Brazil, 87.3% of 5914 liveborn infants were followed for over 12 months. The 215 infant deaths occurring in this cohort were studied in relation to birthweight, gestational age and socioeconomic status. Causes of death were ascertained through the review of case notes and interviews with the parents. As predicted, there was a strong inverse association between birthweight and neonatal and postneonatal mortality. Preterm infants with an adequate weight for their gestational age, despite being slightly heavier than small-for-dates, showed an IMR which was twice as large as the latter. The relative risk associated with low birthweight for deaths due to respiratory infections was over twice as large as that for diarrhoea deaths, but there were only 25 deaths in each category and the estimates are therefore not very precise. There was an interaction between birthweight and socioeconomic status, with the relative risk of mortality associated with low birthweight being much larger among rich than among poor infants. Estimates of the magnitude of the reduction in infant mortality which would accompany a given improvement in the birthweight distribution, which have been mostly based on data from developed countries, may prove to be overoptimistic.
journal_name
Int J Epidemioljournal_title
International journal of epidemiologyauthors
Victora CG,Barros FC,Vaughan JP,Teixeira AMdoi
10.1093/ije/16.2.239subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1987-06-01 00:00:00pages
239-45issue
2eissn
0300-5771issn
1464-3685journal_volume
16pub_type
杂志文章abstract::There are few epidemiological data in the scientific literature about the carpal tunnel syndrome. This paper describes the characteristics of the 154 women referred to hospital for management of this condition among the 17,032 taking part in the Oxford-Family Planning Association contraceptive study. Standardized firs...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/19.3.655
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors studied how the introduction of several modifications to a basic food frequency questionnaire can influence the results of dietary surveys. Modifications covered eight combinations based on three levels: increasing versus decreasing order of frequency categories; questionnaires without versus with question...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/ije/21.6.1144
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Few studies have examined the independent and combined relationships of body mass index (BMI) peak and rebound with adiposity, insulin resistance and metabolic risk later in life. We used data from Project Viva, a well-characterized birth cohort from Boston with repeated measures of BMI, to help fill this ga...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyy286
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/ije/15.4.572
更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Ready-made spectacles (RMS) have advantages; however, visual performance and satisfaction has not been evaluated. METHODS:A 1-month, double-masked, randomized clinical trial comparing planned continued use and visual performance of RMS to Custom Spectacles (CS) in adults aged 18-45 years with > or =1 diopte...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/ije/dyp384
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We reported in a recent study that parity was inversely related to the incidence of Hodgkin's disease (HD) in Norwegian women younger than 56. In this study, another data set was used to estimate the parity effects on incidence at higher ages, and two different data sets were used to assess how parity influe...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/25.4.737
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Melioidosis, or infection with Pseudomonas pseudomallei is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in South East Asia and Northern Australia. The epidemiology of melioidosis in Ubon Ratchatani, Northeast Thailand was studied over a 5-year period from 1987 to 1991. METHODS:Rates and, when possible, the...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/23.5.1082
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A review of the international epidemiological literature is undertaken with the view of identifying the main demographic and sociocultural features of MS as they apply to ethnic groups. Ethnic groups are differentiated principally in terms of three variables: race, religion, and nationality. Although MS is present in ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/ije/17.1.14
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Spot checks are becoming a popular method to assess hygiene behaviours; however, little is known about their repeatability or predictability. We evaluated the within-household repeatability of hygiene indices created from spot checks and their ability to predict incidence of diarrhoea in young Guatemalan chi...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyl165
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/21.4.676
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/13.4.491
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the Region of Rijeka, Croatia, a combined vaccination programme against rubella has been carried out since 1976, so that children of both sexes are vaccinated at age 15 months and all girls at the age of 14 (8th grade of primary school). This vaccination programme has been carried out unchanged up till now. In 1989...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/24.2.453
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the effects, by income group, of targeted food taxes and subsidies on nutrition, health and expenditure in the UK. METHODS:A model based on consumption data and demand elasticity was constructed to predict the effects of four food taxation-subsidy regimens. Resulting changes in demand, expenditure...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyp214
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A total of 5211 schoolchildren aged 10-15 years participated in an Australia-wide sample survey conducted in 1985 and completed dietary and demographic assessment, and the measurement of body mass index: 1017 children aged 12 and 15 years gave blood for serum lipid analysis. Group mean differences in serum lipids and ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/22.2.247
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The relationship between cutaneous malignant melanoma and sunlamp use is examined in a Caucasian population in Connecticut, United States. METHODS:Cases were diagnosed between 15 January 1987 and 15 May 1987 with a first primary cutaneous melanoma. Controls were obtained from the general population, frequen...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/27.5.758
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is usually based on trials where patients are randomized individually into two different, parallel, treatment groups. This paper concentrates on RCTs of a different design-two-period, two-treatment cross-over trials. METHODS:The characteristics of these t...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/31.1.140
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:To assess the worldwide variation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) incidence, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based data published to date. Methods:We reviewed Medline and Embase up to June 2015 and included all population-based studies of newly diagnosed ALS cases, us...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1093/ije/dyw061
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mortality among male employees was studied in a chromium chemical production plant, part of which was rebuilt in 1950-51 and the remainder in 1960, to reduce exposure to chromium bearing dusts. Of 2 101 employees initially employed between 1945 and 1974 and having worked at least 90 days, the vital status of 88% was a...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/8.4.365
更新日期:1979-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::At the request of the COMAC EPID committee of the Commission of the European Communities the author visited all the countries of the EEC except Luxembourg in 1983-84 in order to prepare a report on 'Upgrading in epidemiology'. The report was presented at a meeting organized by COMAC EPID in April 1984 and subsequently...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/15.4.449
更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mild analgesics are freely available, widely used, and generally safe. Nevertheless a proportion of the population takes excessive quantities, of whom some develop chronic renal failure in consequence. A syndrome of analgesic abuse has been proposed, definable by characteristics other than analgesic intake. To examine...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/7.2.139
更新日期:1978-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/14.1.32
更新日期:1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Animal models suggest that compounds containing a nitrosyl group (N-nitroso compounds (NNO)) can act as potent transplacental carcinogens. Many common drug formulations have the potential to undergo nitrosation in vivo. The association between maternal use of nitrosatable drugs during pregnancy and developme...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/24.2.308
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of the major identified risk factors for breast cancer was assessed using data from a hospital-based case-control study conducted in Northern Italy on 1108 women with histologically confirmed breast cancer and 1281 control subjects with a spectrum of acute conditions unrelated to any of the established or pot...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/16.3.347
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Computer stimulations have been used to estimate the efficiency, as measured by the statistical power, of various combinations of design and analysis strategies for case-control studies. Conditions under which the various forms of analysis yield consistent relative risk estimators are derived for the general model. Th...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/12.2.238
更新日期:1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recognition of the increasing importance of early dementia screening for both research and clinical purposes has led to the development of numerous screening instruments. The most promising of these are based on neuropsychological measures which are able to focus on very specific cognitive functions. Of these tests th...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/18.3.717
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genital herpes infection is life-long and may result in painful and recurrent genital lesions, systemic complications, serious psychosocial morbidity, and rare but serious outcomes in neonates born to infected women, including permanent neurological handicap and death. Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2 is the principal cau...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/ije/26.4.698
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM AND METHODS:To discuss evidence for and against genetic 'causes' of type 2 diabetes, illustrated by standardized study of glucose intolerance and high blood pressure in four representative African origin populations. Comparison of two genetically closer sites: rural (site 1) and urban Cameroon (2); then Jamaica (3)...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/30.1.111
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent studies suggest that small newborns who present rapid postnatal growth may have an increased risk of chronic diseases in adulthood. On the other hand, it is widely assumed that catch-up growth is desirable for low birthweight children, but the literature on this subject is limited. METHODS:Population...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/30.6.1325
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper examines methods for estimating the efficiency of measles and pertussis notification with particular reference to England and Wales. Crude estimates are obtained from a comparison of annual numbers of births and notifications, and this approach is modified to include detailed age-specific data. Other source...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/14.1.153
更新日期:1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Until recently, botulism was not recognized as an important public health problem in Taiwan. In 1986, an outbreak of type A foodborne botulism resulted in nine cases, two of them fatal. The vehicle in this outbreak was commercially preserved peanuts processed by an improperly equipped, unlicensed cannery. A single bat...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/17.4.899
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00