Abstract：
:A review of the international epidemiological literature is undertaken with the view of identifying the main demographic and sociocultural features of MS as they apply to ethnic groups. Ethnic groups are differentiated principally in terms of three variables: race, religion, and nationality. Although MS is present in the three principal racial groups in the world (white, oriental, and black), it tends to be unequally distributed. Four hypotheses are formulated regarding the unequal susceptibility of the races to MS. Hypothesis 1. Whereas the highest MS rates are found in regions of the world inhabited largely by white populations, the lowest rates tend to be found in those areas where non-whites live. Hypothesis 2. Racially different groups living in the same geographical area tend to have different MS rates, although there is tendency for whites to experience MS more often than non-whites. The data associated with hypotheses 1 and 2 support a uniformly higher and lower risk for MS among respectively whites and non-whites. If these findings are valid, these studies indicate that racial (genetic) factors may play an important role in the distribution of this disease. Hypothesis 3. Data from this hypothesis confirm the proposition that the risk of MS among white and non-white populations tends to be variable, with variability in susceptibility being especially prominent among whites. Hypothesis 4. The prevalence data, plus the geographical distributions, in the US serve to support the firmly established interpretation that prevalence in all three racial groups tends to increase in frequency with increasing geographical latitude.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
journal_name
Int J Epidemioljournal_title
International journal of epidemiologyauthors
Lowis GWdoi
10.1093/ije/17.1.14subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-03-01 00:00:00pages
14-20issue
1eissn
0300-5771issn
1464-3685journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：BACKGROUND:Neighbourhood socioeconomic status (SES) may affect rich and poor residents differentially. Two models are proposed. Model 1: living in a non-deprived neighbourhood is better for health because better collective material and social resources are available. Model 2: being poor (rich) relative to the neighbour...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyg084
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This prospective study was performed in order to investigate the effect of baseline body mass index (BMI), BMI changes, baseline alcohol consumption, and changes in alcohol consumption on liver enzyme activity. METHODS:This study population consisted of 6846 male workers in a steel manufacturing company who...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/30.4.766
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examine the resource implications of two potential health services aimed at preventing congenital toxoplasmosis: a screening service involving serological surveillance for toxoplasma infection in pregnant women and its prophylactic treatment; and a health education campaign to help pregnant women avoid acquiring to...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/13.1.65
更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Data from several studies indicate that children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy may be at a risk of overweight compared with children of non-smoking mothers. The size of this relation, however, is unclear, as is the age at which it becomes detectable. METHODS:Prospective data for 34 866 children enr...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyi218
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Cost effective use of new vaccines against pneumococcal disease in children requires detailed information about the local epidemiology of pneumococcal infections. METHODS:Data on 393 culture-confirmed cases of invasive pneumococcal infection in children (<17 years) hospitalized in Swiss paediatric clinics w...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1093/ije/27.6.1101
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To assess the predictive value of biological and clinical events for progression to AIDS (1993 European classification) when the CD4+ cell count falls below 200/microL (CD4 threshold) in different exposure groups. To investigate whether such markers remain predictive independently of the serum HIV-1 RNA leve...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/27.5.897
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Studies suggest that increased levels of physical activity might decrease the risk of prostate cancer. We ascertained lifetime measures of activity in a population-based case-control study of prostate cancer in Shanghai, China to investigate physical activity in a population where the incidence of prostate c...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/30.2.341
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This article analyses the epidemiological research developments in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). It integrates the series commissioned by the International Epidemiological Association to all WHO Regions to identify global opportunities to promote the development of epidemiology. METHODS:Health situ...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dys017
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background:This paper investigates trends in suicide rate, the reasons for and means of suicide and the occupation of deceased, to prioritize suicide prevention activities in India and to highlight the limitations to data quality for surveillance. Methods:Data available in the public domain from the National Crimes Re...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyw113
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To study the associations of lifestyle factors with waist circumference 'Action Levels', hip circumference and body mass index. DESIGN:Cross-sectional study in a random sample of 5887 men and 7018 women aged 20-59 years, selected from the civil registries of Amsterdam, Maastricht and Doetinchem, The Netherla...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/27.3.422
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We conducted this combined analysis of available data from studies with information on this issue to clarify the association between Trichomonas vaginalis infection and cervical neoplasia. METHODS:We performed MEDLINE searches (1966-1993) using the key words and phrases 'trichomonas vaginitis' and 'neoplasm...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1093/ije/23.4.682
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous studies have reported an increased risk of death in those who report their health is poor, however, the role of underlying and subclinical disease in this association has not been carefully studied. METHODS:The associations between perceived health status and mortality from all causes and cardiovas...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/25.2.259
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An elderly Belgian population group anno 1986 consisting of 53 men and 110 women above the age of 75 years with a mean age of 80 and 81 years, respectively, is characterized by relative obesity and low diastolic blood pressure, both in men and women. The SBP/DBP ratio is 1.91 in men and 1.88 in women. HDL-cholesterol ...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/17.3.520
更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:End-stage renal disease (ESRD) incidence and prevalence are increasing in many countries worldwide. Due to the high cost of therapy, predicting future numbers of patients requiring dialysis and transplantation is necessary for health care planners. Projecting therapy-specific chronic disease prevalence is in...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/27.2.274
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In the mid 1980s European governments committed themselves to the WHO goal 'reduced inequality in health by year 2000' according to which inequality in health should be reduced by 25% by the year 2000. The study aim is to estimate the time trend in relative risk due to ischaemic heart disease (IHD) morbidity...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/28.4.640
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evidence increasingly suggests that ethnic differences in cardiovascular risk are partly mediated by adipose tissue biology, which refers to the regional distribution of adipose tissue and its differential metabolic activity. This paper proposes a novel evolutionary hypothesis for ethnic genetic variability in adipose...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/ije/dyn183
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium disease on the basis of history and physical examination alone is often difficult. Tests have thus been developed to allow an early and more accurate diagnosis. However these tests have substantial imperfections and many different results obtained from these tests must be integ...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/17.1.202
更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper argues that the perspective of economics is valuable in assessing the desirability, purpose and effectiveness of public intervention to reduce occupational accidents and diseases and suggests that the concept of efficiency provides one (although not the only) important criterion by which to judge policy in ...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/12.1.77
更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background:In 2003, New York City (NYC) implemented a series of coordinated policies designed to reduce non-communicable disease. Methods:We used coarsened exact matching (CEM) of individuals living inside and outside NYC between the years of 1992-2000 and 2002-10 to estimate difference-in-difference survival time mod...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyw290
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Recent studies have found that cotinine is a better predictor of birthweight than the number of cigarettes smoked in pregnancy. In this paper we test this hypothesis and use cotinine to explore the effect of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) on birthweight. METHODS:In all, 1254 white women were interviewed ...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/27.4.647
更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper contains part of the results of a repetitive and comprehensive analysis of accidents among bus drivers. In a series of articles different aspects of the aetiology of bus drivers' accidents will be highlighted. The results presented indicate a strong negative association of experience with accident risk, mod...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/16.1.35
更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Despite positive changes in most maternal risk factors in Brazil, previous studies did not show reductions in preterm birth and low birthweight. We analysed trends and inequalities in these outcomes over a 33-year period in a Brazilian city. METHODS:Four population-based birth cohort studies were carried ou...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyy106
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of rotavirus in non-bacterial gastroenteritis in Kuwait was investigated. Employing electronmicroscopy (EM) and enzyme-linked-immuno-sorbent-assay (ELISA) techniques, the virus was detected in the stools of 42 of 274 (15.3%) infants with the disease. A statistically significant association (P less than 0.05) ...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/9.4.355
更新日期：1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Mortality was compared in the Jewish populations of Montreal and Israel and the overall Canadian population, to investigate whether the Israeli pattern of low male mortality and relatively high female mortality is replicated among Jews living elsewhere. METHODS:In Montreal, death certificates were obtained ...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/24.4.730
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The proportion of births to women of New Commonwealth origin in different Area Health Authorities (AHAs) varies widely. The influence of this varying proportion in contributing to differences in perinatal mortality rate (PNMR) between authorities is examined. Firstly, it is shown that the two main 'immigrant' groups h...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/9.3.255
更新日期：1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In an extensive health survey 115 male viscose rayon workers exposed to carbon disulphide (CS2) and 76 referents not exposed to this chemical were interviewed using the WHO cardiovascular questionnaire and responded to a self-administered questionnaire. A 12-lead ECG was taken and coded using the Minnesota code. Blood...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/21.4.745
更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The scale of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among health care workers (HCWs), particularly in resource-limited settings, remains unclear. To address this concern, universal (non-symptom-based) screening of HCWs was piloted to determine the proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infe...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyaa173
更新日期：2020-10-23 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe our experience in several settings, following a suggestion in 1983 to add questions on the smoking status of the deceased on the UK death certificate as an effective way to monitor the evolution of the smoking epidemic. In South Africa in 1997 and in Tianjin Municipality, China, in 2010, questions about th...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyy226
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Kersa HDSS was established in 12 sub-districts of Kersa district, Eastern Hararge, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. The site is principally rural with two small towns (Kersa and Weter). The baseline census was conducted in 2007 and since then has been updated every 6 months, with registration of demographic and health events....
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyv284
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background:Analysis of physical activity usually focuses on a small number of summary statistics derived from accelerometer recordings: average counts per minute and the proportion of time spent in moderate-vigorous physical activity or in sedentary behaviour. We show how bigrams, a concept from the field of text minin...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyx093
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
