The effects of New York City's coordinated public health programmes on mortality through 2011.

abstract：BACKGROUND:The purpose of a negative control is to reproduce a condition that cannot involve the hypothesized causal mechanism, but does involve the same sources of bias and confounding that may distort the primary association of interest. Observational studies suggest physical inactivity is a major risk factor for car...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Hamer M,Bauman A,Bell JA,Stamatakis E

更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To assess whether the offspring of UK veterans of the first Gulf war are at increased risk of fetal death or congenital malformation. METHOD:This was a retrospective reproductive cohort study of UK Gulf war veterans and a demographically similar comparison group who were in service at the time but were not ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Doyle P,Maconochie N,Davies G,Maconochie I,Pelerin M,Prior S,Lewis S

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFbeta1) is a multifunctional signalling molecule with a wide array of roles. Animal experiments suggest that TGFbeta1 plays a biphasic role in carcinogenesis by protecting against the early formation of benign epithelial growths, but promoting malignant transformation of t...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Sparks R,Bigler J,Sibert JG,Potter JD,Yasui Y,Ulrich CM

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Workers in the corn wet-milling industry are exposed to grain dusts, pesticides and fumigants, acids, solvents, sulphur dioxide, and other chemicals used in the manufacture of starch, oil, syrup, and dextrins. In a preliminary investigation of the long-term health effects of occupational exposures in this industry, de...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Thomas TL,Krekel S,Heid M

更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：Background:Analysis of physical activity usually focuses on a small number of summary statistics derived from accelerometer recordings: average counts per minute and the proportion of time spent in moderate-vigorous physical activity or in sedentary behaviour. We show how bigrams, a concept from the field of text minin...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Millard LAC,Tilling K,Lawlor DA,Flach PA,Gaunt TR

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A case-control study has been performed for occupational risk factors of acute leukaemia, based on 185 cases more than 30 years old and 513 matched controls. There was a significant excess of polyvalent farming and electronic engineers among professions of cases, and, in addition of metal workers when considering the ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Richardson S,Zittoun R,Bastuji-Garin S,Lasserre V,Guihenneuc C,Cadiou M,Viguie F,Laffont-Faust I

更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Occupation and industry classifications are used in epidemiological studies to classify study subjects according to their job and subsequently to study risk by job, to infer social class indicators, or to infer exposure to specific agents through job-exposure matrices. However, documentation on methodological aspects ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Mannetje A',Kromhout H

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:An ideological climate has persisted in Korea that has discouraged public discussion of social inequalities. Thus studies on inequalities in mortality remain undeveloped. This study is to examine age- and cause-specific socioeconomic mortality differentials for both men and women representative of the Korean...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Khang YH,Lynch JW,Kaplan GA

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Blood pressure levels were measured in 626 children (138 Japanese, 477 Bolivian and 11 of mixed blood) in a Japanese agricultural settlement in Bolivia. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure was higher in Japanese children than in Bolivian children at each measured age by 4.09 mmHg (P = 0.0001) and 2.25 mm...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Tsugane S,Kitagawa Y,Kondo H

更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Longitudinal cohort studies in sub-Saharan Africa are urgently needed to understand cardiovascular disease development. We, therefore, explored health behaviours and conventional risk factors of African individuals with optimal blood pressure (BP) (≤ 120/80 mm Hg), and their 5-year prediction for the develop...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Schutte AE,Schutte R,Huisman HW,van Rooyen JM,Fourie CM,Malan NT,Malan L,Mels CM,Smith W,Moss SJ,Towers GW,Kruger HS,Wentzel-Viljoen E,Vorster HH,Kruger A

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of misclassification by one-, two-, or seven-day food records on the apparent magnitude of results was quantified for two hypothetical models of association of diet with disease. For each of 106 women, classification to quintiles of intake was calculated from 37 to 72 one-day records and compared to classif...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Freudenheim JL,Johnson NE,Wardrop RL

更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Although several public health organizations have recommended population-wide reduction in salt intake, the evidence on the population benefits remains unclear. We conducted a metaknowledge analysis of the literature on salt intake and health outcomes. METHODS:We identified reports--primary studies, systema...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Trinquart L,Johns DM,Galea S

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Carcinogenesis, at least for some types of cancer, can be interpreted as the consequence of selection of mutated cells similar to what, in the theory of evolution, occurs at the population level. Instead of considering a population of organisms, we can refer to a population of cells belonging to multicellular organism...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Vineis P,Berwick M

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Exposure to a pre-natal famine environment has been associated with a persistent decrease in DNA methylation of the IGF2 gene, although study findings on other loci have been highly variable. There have been no studies to date of the relation between pre-natal famine and overall global DNA methylation in adu...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Lumey LH,Terry MB,Delgado-Cruzata L,Liao Y,Wang Q,Susser E,McKeague I,Santella RM

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In many western countries an increase in incidence of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and/or gastric cardia have been reported. The aim of this study was to describe and compare trends in incidence of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and gastric cardia in several areas of Europe, 1968-1995, using Eurocim (a...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Botterweck AA,Schouten LJ,Volovics A,Dorant E,van Den Brandt PA

更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality has more than halved in England since the 1980s, but there are few data on small-area trends. We estimated CVD mortality by ward in 5-year intervals between 1982 and 2006, and examined trends in relation to starting mortality, region and community deprivation. METHODS:...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Asaria P,Fortunato L,Fecht D,Tzoulaki I,Abellan JJ,Hambly P,de Hoogh K,Ezzati M,Elliott P

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：Background:Ovarian cancer incidence differs substantially by race/ethnicity, but the reasons for this are not well understood. Data were pooled from the African American Cancer Epidemiology Study (AACES) and 11 case-control studies in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (OCAC) to examine racial/ethnic differences...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Peres LC,Risch H,Terry KL,Webb PM,Goodman MT,Wu AH,Alberg AJ,Bandera EV,Barnholtz-Sloan J,Bondy ML,Cote ML,Funkhouser E,Moorman PG,Peters ES,Schwartz AG,Terry PD,Manichaikul A,Abbott SE,Camacho F,Jordan SJ,Nagle C

更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In studies of health behaviour exploring factors associated with differences and changes in eating patterns of populations, diet is often measured with short food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). This study examines the validity of a short FFQ by comparing frequencies of food intake from the FFQ to informatio...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Osler M,Heitmann BL

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The wide use of highly active antiretroviral therapy has led to an impressive improvement in AIDS survival after the mid-1990s in cities and countries with a high access to these medications. Notwithstanding its beneficial overall effect, antiretroviral therapy was also reported as a factor for the increase ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Antunes JL,Waldman EA,Borrell C

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Despite positive changes in most maternal risk factors in Brazil, previous studies did not show reductions in preterm birth and low birthweight. We analysed trends and inequalities in these outcomes over a 33-year period in a Brazilian city. METHODS:Four population-based birth cohort studies were carried ou...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Silveira MF,Victora CG,Horta BL,da Silva BGC,Matijasevich A,Barros FC,Pelotas Cohorts Study Group.

更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:We enrolled a cohort of primary schoolchildren with a history of wheeze (n = 148) in an 11-month longitudinal study to examine the relationship between ambient ozone concentrations and peak expiratory flow rate. METHODS:Enrolled children recorded peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR) twice daily. We obtained ai...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Jalaludin BB,Chey T,O'Toole BI,Smith WT,Capon AG,Leeder SR

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The infant mortality rate is not a good indicator of overall mortality or health status. Based on new empirical life tables from the UN Population Division, it can only predict life expectancy with 95% confidence to within a 14-year range. Two infant mortality rates must be nearly 80 units apart to be 95% confident th...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Murray CJ

更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Prolonged breastfeeding in developing countries is routinely recommended as a valuable and cost-effective public health measure to promote early childhood growth. However, the effects of breastfeeding beyond 12 months are unclear, with some studies showing positive, and some showing negative effects. The rol...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Onyango A,Koski KG,Tucker KL

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Child feeding recommendations include breastfeeding beyond 12 months, however, some researchers have reported increased rates of malnutrition in breastfed toddlers. A negative association between growth and breast-feeding may reflect reverse causality; that is, the outcome (growth) is a determinant of the pr...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Marquis GS,Habicht JP,Lanata CF,Black RE,Rasmussen KM

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Results from some retrospective studies suggest a possible increased risk of glioma and acoustic neuroma in users of mobile phones. METHODS:The relation between mobile phone use and incidence of intracranial central nervous system (CNS) tumours and other cancers was examined in 791,710 middle-aged women in ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Benson VS,Pirie K,Schüz J,Reeves GK,Beral V,Green J,Million Women Study Collaborators.

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study examined the degree and type of changes in adolescent smoking status that occurred over an eight-year period, when the group was in grades four to six, to late adolescence and early adulthood. Where changes in smoking occurred, they were more likely to be in the direction of increased (57.7%), as compared t...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Pederson LL,Lefcoe NM

更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epidemiologists frequently encounter studies with ordered responses. Standard ordered response logit models, such as the continuation ratio model, constrain exposure to have a homogeneous effect across thresholds of the ordered response. We demonstrate a method for fitting regression models for unconstrained, partiall...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Cole SR,Ananth CV

更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:High-income countries are experiencing an obesity epidemic that follows a socioeconomic gradient, affecting groups of lower socioeconomic status disproportionately. Recent clinical findings have suggested new perspectives for the prevention and treatment of obesity, using personalized dietary approaches. Precision nut...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Chatelan A,Bochud M,Frohlich KL

更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:A growing body of literature suggests that physical activity may be a protective factor against hip fracture. METHODS:To study the association between hip fracture risk and recreational physical activity at various ages, changes in activity during adult life, occupational physical activity and how risks var...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Farahmand BY,Persson PG,Michaëlsson K,Baron JA,Alberts A,Moradi T,Ljunghall S

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The male:female (M:F) mortality ratio for under-five mortality varies considerably across and within societies. Maternal education has been linked to better outcomes for girls, but the evidence is mixed. We examined how the M:F ratio for under-five mortality varies by maternal education in sub-Saharan Africa...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Monden CW,Smits J

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00