Methodological issues in case-control studies: validity and power of various design/analysis strategies.

Abstract:

:Computer stimulations have been used to estimate the efficiency, as measured by the statistical power, of various combinations of design and analysis strategies for case-control studies. Conditions under which the various forms of analysis yield consistent relative risk estimators are derived for the general model. The results indicate that the loss of efficiency resulting from the use of a less than optimum design or analysis strategy in many real life situations is small. Practical considerations are of more importance than theoretical statistical ones in deciding upon appropriate strategies. It is concluded that matching is rarely, if ever, justified in most case-control studies of chronic diseases.

journal_name

Int J Epidemiol

authors

Howe GR,Choi BC

doi

10.1093/ije/12.2.238

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1983-06-01 00:00:00

pages

238-45

issue

2

eissn

0300-5771

issn

1464-3685

journal_volume

12

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Childhood and adolescent leukaemia in a North American population.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:This was to describe and analyse incidence and survival data on childhood leukaemias. SAMPLE:Incident leukaemia cases aged 0-19 from the cancer registry holdings of the province of Saskatchewan for the 60-year period 1932-1991 are the subject of this descriptive report. METHODS:Age-adjusted, age-specific, h...

    journal_title:International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/ije/24.6.1100

    authors: Wang PP,Haines CS

    更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00

  • Association between polygenic risk scores for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and educational and cognitive outcomes in the general population.

    abstract:Background:Children with a diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD) have lower cognitive ability and are at risk of adverse educational outcomes; ADHD genetic risks have been found to predict childhood cognitive ability and other neurodevelopmental traits in the general population; thus genetic risks...

    journal_title:International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/ije/dyw216

    authors: Stergiakouli E,Martin J,Hamshere ML,Heron J,St Pourcain B,Timpson NJ,Thapar A,Davey Smith G

    更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00

  • Relationship between adiposity and food intake: an example of pseudo-contradictory results obtained in case-control versus between-populations studies.

    abstract::Seemingly contradictory data support controversies concerning the relationships between food intake and illnesses. The present study of 1035 adults, aged 30-39 years, shows that (1) daily energy intake is not higher in obese than in non-obese people, (2) obesity is more prevalent in social groups where energy intake i...

    journal_title:International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/ije/19.3.571

    authors: Rolland-Cachera MF,Bellisle F,Tichet J,Chantrel AM,Guilloud-Bataille M,Vol S,Pequignot G

    更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00

  • Education, intelligence and Alzheimer's disease: evidence from a multivariable two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine whether educational attainment and intelligence have causal effects on risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), independently of each other. DESIGN:Two-sample univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) to estimate the causal effects of education on intelligence and vice versa, and the to...

    journal_title:International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/ije/dyz280

    authors: Anderson EL,Howe LD,Wade KH,Ben-Shlomo Y,Hill WD,Deary IJ,Sanderson EC,Zheng J,Korologou-Linden R,Stergiakouli E,Davey Smith G,Davies NM,Hemani G

    更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00

  • Leukaemia after cervical cancer irradiation in Denmark.

    abstract::A matched case-control study among cervical cancer patients in Denmark was conducted to evaluate the possible influence of radiation therapy on leukaemia risk. Among 25718 women treated between 1943-1977, 27 cases of leukaemia occurred one or more years after diagnosis. Four controls were matched to each case on age, ...

    journal_title:International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/ije/14.3.363

    authors: Storm HH,Boice JD Jr

    更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00

  • Cohort profile: Steps to the healthy development and well-being of children (the STEPS Study).

    abstract::The STEPS Study aims to search for the precursors and causes of problems in child health and well-being by using a multidisciplinary approach. The cohort consists of all mothers (Finnish or Swedish speaking) who had live deliveries in the Hospital District of Southwest Finland from January 2008 to April 2010 and their...

    journal_title:International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/ije/dys150

    authors: Lagström H,Rautava P,Kaljonen A,Räihä H,Pihlaja P,Korpilahti P,Peltola V,Rautakoski P,Österbacka E,Simell O,Niemi P

    更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00

  • School performance and alcohol-related disorders in early adulthood: a Swedish national cohort study.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Alcohol misuse is an important global health determinant and a major contributor to health inequalities. We aimed to investigate the association between school performance and alcohol-related disorders in early adulthood in a longitudinal register-based national cohort study. METHODS:We followed a register-...

    journal_title:International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/ije/dyv006

    authors: Gauffin K,Vinnerljung B,Hjern A

    更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00

  • In utero and intra-partum HIV-1 transmission and acute HIV-1 infection during pregnancy: using the BED capture enzyme-immunoassay as a surrogate marker for acute infection.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:The BED assay was developed to estimate the proportion of recent HIV infections in a population. We used the BED assay as a proxy for acute infection to quantify the associated risk of mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT) during pregnancy and delivery. Design A total of 3773 HIV-1 sero-positive women were test...

    journal_title:International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/ije/dyr055

    authors: Marinda ET,Moulton LH,Humphrey JH,Hargrove JW,Ntozini R,Mutasa K,Levin J

    更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00

  • Maternal reporting of acute respiratory infection in Egypt.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Community surveys are used to determine the proportion of children with ARI for whom care is sought by questioning mothers about the signs and symptoms of illness episodes. The validity of this ap...

    journal_title:International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/ije/24.5.1058

    authors: Harrison LH,Moursi S,Guinena AH,Gadomski AM,el-Ansary KS,Khallaf N,Black RE

    更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00

  • Changing trends of cirrhosis mortality in Ontario, Canada, 1911-1986.

    abstract::Cirrhosis mortality death rates in Ontario for ages 20 and over declined from a high of 9.3 per 100,000 in 1911 to a low of 5.6 per 100,000 in 1919 (p less than 0.001) and after a 17-year period of relative stability, rose steadily to a high of 19.7 per 100,000 in 1975 (p less than 0.0001) and then declined to 13.3 pe...

    journal_title:International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/ije/20.1.199

    authors: Halliday ML,Coates RA,Rankin JG

    更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00

  • Violent behaviour among adolescents in Iceland: a national survey.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Violence among adolescents may have serious developmental, physical, and mental health consequences for the affected individuals. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of violent behaviour and its correlates among 15-16 year old schoolchildren in Iceland. METHODS:In 1997, a cross-sectional survey was co...

    journal_title:International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/ije/dyh190

    authors: Gudlaugsdottir GR,Vilhjalmsson R,Kristjansdottir G,Jacobsen R,Meyrowitsch D

    更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00

  • Reproducibility and relative validity of an extensive semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire using dietary records and biochemical markers among Greek schoolteachers.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:We evaluated the reproducibility and relative validity of a 190-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to be used in a large prospective study in the Athens area of Greece. METHODS:In all, 42 men and 38 women, aged 25-67 years, completed two self-administered semi-quantitative FFQ spaced ...

    journal_title:International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/ije/26.suppl_1.s118

    authors: Katsouyanni K,Rimm EB,Gnardellis C,Trichopoulos D,Polychronopoulos E,Trichopoulou A

    更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00

  • Bayesian methods for instrumental variable analysis with genetic instruments ('Mendelian randomization'): example with urate transporter SLC2A9 as an instrumental variable for effect of urate levels on metabolic syndrome.

    abstract::The 'Mendelian randomization' approach uses genotype as an instrumental variable to distinguish between causal and non-causal explanations of biomarker-disease associations. Classical methods for instrumental variable analysis are limited to linear or probit models without latent variables or missing data, rely on asy...

    journal_title:International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/ije/dyp397

    authors: McKeigue PM,Campbell H,Wild S,Vitart V,Hayward C,Rudan I,Wright AF,Wilson JF

    更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00

  • Cohort profile: Shahroud Eye Cohort Study.

    abstract::The Shahroud Eye Cohort Study was set up to determine the prevalence and incidence of visual impairment and major eye conditions in the 40-64-year-old population of Shahroud as a Middle Eastern population. The first phase of the study was conducted in 2009-10. Using random cluster sampling, 6311 Shahroud inhabitants w...

    journal_title:International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/ije/dys161

    authors: Fotouhi A,Hashemi H,Shariati M,Emamian MH,Yazdani K,Jafarzadehpur E,Koohian H,Khademi MR,Hodjatjalali K,Kheirkhah A,Chaman R,Malihi S,Mirzaii M,Khabazkhoob M

    更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00

  • Low plasma triglyceride levels in lake dwelling East African tribesmen--a fishy story?

    abstract::Samples of East African tribesmen from two separate locations were compared with respect to a number of anthropometric, cardiovascular and biochemical variables. The major finding was a large, significant difference in mean triglyceride levels between the groups (0.97 vs. 0.67 mmol/l; p less than 0.001), the mean plas...

    journal_title:International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/ije/15.2.183

    authors: Robinson D,Day J

    更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00

  • Has risk associated with smoking increased? Results from the Copenhagen Center for Prospective Population Studies.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Two recent much cited publications have raised the concern that risk associated with cigarette smoking has so far been underestimated. In this study we wish to determine whether excess all-cause mortality associated with smoking has increased during the last 20-30 years in a study population representative o...

    journal_title:International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/ije/26.6.1214

    authors: Prescott E,Osler M,Andersen PK,Bjerg A,Hein HO,Borch-Johnsen K,Lange P,Schnohr P,Vestbo J

    更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00

  • Simulation model of lung cancer incidence related to smoking and radon daughter exposure.

    abstract::In recent years, the residential exposure to radon daughters has become a cause for concern as a contributing factor for lung cancer. In order to evaluate the population's risk consequences of different interpretations of the results of epidemiological studies in cohorts of uranium miners, a simulation model has been ...

    journal_title:International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/ije/19.supplement_1.s73

    authors: Stolwijk JA,Canny PF

    更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00

  • Left handedness and risk of thoracic hyperkyphosis in prepubertal schoolchildren.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Hand dominance and spinal posture were studied for their prediction of the development of thoracic hyperkyphosis during the pubertal growth spurt. METHODS:The cohort consisted of all the fourth-grade school children of the Western School District of Helsinki, Finland, in the spring of 1986. They were examin...

    journal_title:International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/ije/24.6.1178

    authors: Nissinen M,Heliövaara M,Seitsamo J,Poussa M

    更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00

  • Factor analysis of household factors: are they associated with respiratory conditions in Chinese children?

    abstract:BACKGROUND:We explored methods to develop uncorrelated variables for epidemiological analysis models. They were used to examine associations between respiratory health outcomes and multiple household risk factors. METHODS:We analysed data collected in the Four Chinese Cities Study (FCCS) to examine health effects on p...

    journal_title:International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/ije/dyg278

    authors: Qian Z,Zhang J,Korn LR,Wei F,Chapman RS

    更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00

  • Socioeconomic position, psychosocial work environment and cerebrovascular disease among women: the Finnish public sector study.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The excess risk of fatal and non-fatal cerebrovascular disease in people from low socioeconomic positions is only partially explained by conventional cerebrovascular risk factors. This has led to the suggestion that poor psychosocial work environments provide important additional explanatory power. However, ...

    journal_title:International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/ije/dyn373

    authors: Kivimäki M,Gimeno D,Ferrie JE,Batty GD,Oksanen T,Jokela M,Virtanen M,Salo P,Akbaraly TN,Elovainio M,Pentti J,Vahtera J

    更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00

  • Second-hand smoke in mental healthcare settings: time to implement total smoke-free bans?

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Second-hand smoke is associated with adverse health effects. Many countries have extended smoke-free policies to public buildings and workplaces such as hospitals, but mental health units have usually been exempted from complete smoke-free bans. The objective of this study was to evaluate second-hand smoke l...

    journal_title:International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/ije/dyt014

    authors: Ballbè M,Sureda X,Martínez-Sánchez JM,Saltó E,Gual A,Fernández E

    更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00

  • Secular trends in mortality from asthma in Japan, 1979-1988: comparison with the United States.

    abstract::To determine whether mortality from asthma in Japan has increased, and to examine the age-, sex-, and race-specific mortality rates from this disease and their secular trends in both Japan and the US, vital statistics from 1979 through 1988 were studied. Overall, rates were highest among Japanese and decreased from 19...

    journal_title:International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/ije/23.1.143

    authors: Nakamura Y,Labarthe DR

    更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00

  • The population dynamics of cancer: a Darwinian perspective.

    abstract::Carcinogenesis, at least for some types of cancer, can be interpreted as the consequence of selection of mutated cells similar to what, in the theory of evolution, occurs at the population level. Instead of considering a population of organisms, we can refer to a population of cells belonging to multicellular organism...

    journal_title:International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1093/ije/dyl185

    authors: Vineis P,Berwick M

    更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00

  • 'The analgesic abuse syndrome': an epidemiological perspective.

    abstract::Mild analgesics are freely available, widely used, and generally safe. Nevertheless a proportion of the population takes excessive quantities, of whom some develop chronic renal failure in consequence. A syndrome of analgesic abuse has been proposed, definable by characteristics other than analgesic intake. To examine...

    journal_title:International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/ije/7.2.139

    authors: Christie D

    更新日期:1978-06-01 00:00:00

  • Preeclampsia mediates the association between shorter height and increased risk of preterm delivery.

    abstract:Background:Maternal short stature has been observed to increase the risk of preterm birth; however, the aetiology behind this phenomenon is unknown. We investigated whether preeclampsia, an obstetric complication that often leads to preterm delivery and is reported to have an inverse association with women's height, me...

    journal_title:International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi:10.1093/ije/dyx107

    authors: Morisaki N,Ogawa K,Urayama KY,Sago H,Sato S,Saito S

    更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00

  • Epidemiology of legal abortion in Italy.

    abstract::The paper reports on the trends of induced abortion in Italy since its legalization in 1978. Data collected through the national surveillance system show that the abortion rates and ratios in Italy, after an initial increase, have been stable in the last four years, and are comparable to those of other European countr...

    journal_title:International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/ije/15.3.343

    authors: Figà-Talamanca I,Grandolfo ME,Spinelli A

    更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00

  • Antibodies to human herpes virus type 8 (HHV8) in general population and in individuals at risk for sexually transmitted diseases in Western Sicily.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Human herpes virus 8 (HHV8) appears to be the primary aetiologic agent of Kaposi sarcoma (KS). To study the distribution of HHV8, a seroepidemiological study was carried out in western Sicily, where a high incidence rate of classical KS is well documented. METHODS:A total of 970 sera of healthy human immuno...

    journal_title:International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/ije/29.1.175

    authors: Perna AM,Bonura F,Vitale F,Viviano E,Di Benedetto MA,Ajello F,Villafrate MR,Prestileo T,Mancuso S,Goedert JJ,Romano N

    更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00

  • The survival benefit of measles immunization may not be explained entirely by the prevention of measles disease: a community study from rural Bangladesh.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine whether the reduction in childhood mortality after immunization can be explained by the prevention of measles and its long-term effects. METHODS:and Data We re-analysed an existing data set from Matlab, Bangladesh. During 1982-1985, measles immunization was used from 9 months of age in half of the...

    journal_title:International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/ije/dyg005

    authors: Aaby P,Bhuiya A,Nahar L,Knudsen K,de Francisco A,Strong M

    更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00

  • Short-term benefits of catch-up growth for small-for-gestational-age infants.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent studies suggest that small newborns who present rapid postnatal growth may have an increased risk of chronic diseases in adulthood. On the other hand, it is widely assumed that catch-up growth is desirable for low birthweight children, but the literature on this subject is limited. METHODS:Population...

    journal_title:International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/ije/30.6.1325

    authors: Victora CG,Barros FC,Horta BL,Martorell R

    更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00

  • Discrimination of smoking status by thiocyanate and cotinine in serum, and carbon monoxide in expired air.

    abstract::To develop a procedure for maximizing the discrimination of smoking status, the authors analysed parallel samples of thiocyanate and cotinine in serum, and carbon monoxide (CO) in expired air in a cohort of 145 male subjects aged 45-65 years. The sensitivity and specificity were 93% and 82%, 97% and 83%, and 98% and 1...

    journal_title:International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/ije/21.3.488

    authors: Waage H,Silsand T,Urdal P,Langård S

    更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00