The incidence of cancer among blood donors.

abstract：:A 10-year prospective study of Hawaii Japanese males with partial gastrectomy shows that the age-adjusted mortality rates in men with partial gastrectomy were slightly higher than in those with an intact stomach, but the difference failed to achieve statistical significance. This excess of mortality is due, in part, t...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Stemmermann GN,Heilbrun L,Nomura A,Rhoads GG,Glober GA

更新日期：1984-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of gonorrhoea and chlamydial infections and to determine sexual and demographic correlates for these sexually transmitted diseases (STD) among visitors of an STD clinic. METHODS:In 1994, a cross-sectional study was carried out among 2984 consecutive ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Van Duynhoven YT,van de Laar MJ,Schop WA,Mouton JW,van der Meijden WI,Sprenger MJ

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Evidence suggests that in utero exposure to undernutrition and overnutrition might affect adiposity in later life. Epigenetic modification is suggested as a plausible mediating mechanism. METHODS:We used multivariable linear regression and a negative control design to examine offspring epigenome-wide DNA me...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Sharp GC,Lawlor DA,Richmond RC,Fraser A,Simpkin A,Suderman M,Shihab HA,Lyttleton O,McArdle W,Ring SM,Gaunt TR,Davey Smith G,Relton CL

更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mortality rates for cancers of 13 sites in 34 countries were analysed using two data reduction techniques, factor and cluster analysis. Factor analysis identified two independent underlying factors which appear to influence cancer mortality patterns. The first factor, which appears to be related to affluence, may repr...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Groves FD,Zavala DE,Correa P

更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To obtain age- and gender-specific estimates of the prevalence of dementia in Europe and to study differences in prevalence across countries, we pooled and re-analysed original data of prevalence studies of dementia carried out in some European countries between 1980 and 1990. The study followed these steps: census of...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Hofman A,Rocca WA,Brayne C,Breteler MM,Clarke M,Cooper B,Copeland JR,Dartigues JF,da Silva Droux A,Hagnell O

更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Methodological issues in the design and interpretation of cross-sectional interview surveys of the prevalence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) were assessed among young children. METHODS:A cross-sectional survey was conducted in approximately 20,000 children in the north of Ghana. Approximately half we...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Ross DA,Huttly SR,Dollimore N,Binka FN

更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Since 1997, an unexpected 2-5-fold increase in the incidence of pertussis has been reported in Poland in comparison with the previous 10 years, although the introduction of the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccination in 1960 reduced the incidence of pertussis approximately 100-fold in the 1980s. The a...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Gzyl A,Augustynowicz E,Rabczenko D,Gniadek G,Slusarczyk J

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Age-adjusted liver cancer mortality rates have been increasing for both men and women in Japan since 1970; however, increases in mortality rates in men are much greater than those in women. Hepatitis C virus infections and heavy alcohol consumption are considered to be the major risk factors of liver cancer ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Makimoto K,Higuchi S

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Using routinely collected maternity discharge data from 250,000 women in Scotland, we examined the risks of late spontaneous abortion and preterm delivery during the period 20 up to 36 weeks of gestation. Gestational age is treated as a fetal survival time and the risks of delivery associated with a history of spontan...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Pickering RM,Deeks JJ

更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Increasing physical activity (PA) and reducing sedentary behaviour (SB) have been associated with healthy ageing, but their effects when adjusted for reverse causation and selection bias remain unclear. METHODS:A deficits accumulation (DA) index based on the number and severity of 51 health deficits (0-100%...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： García-Esquinas E,Ortolá R,Martínez-Gómez D,Damián J,Prina M,Rodríguez-Artalejo F,Pastor-Barriuso R

更新日期：2020-11-05 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Prolonged breastfeeding in developing countries is routinely recommended as a valuable and cost-effective public health measure to promote early childhood growth. However, the effects of breastfeeding beyond 12 months are unclear, with some studies showing positive, and some showing negative effects. The rol...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Onyango A,Koski KG,Tucker KL

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Ballabgarh Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS), also known as the Comprehensive Rural Health Services Project (CRHSP) Ballabgarh, is located in north India and was established in 1961 to develop a model for rural health-care practice in India. In addition to demographic surveillance and community-bas...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Kant S,Misra P,Gupta S,Goswami K,Krishnan A,Nongkynrih B,Rai SK,Srivastava R,Pandav CS

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Consultation waiting rooms and similar medical settings, either public or private, are places where children have higher probability of acquiring some infectious diseases, especially during outbreaks. METHODS:During a measles outbreak which occurred in Lisbon in 1989 a case-control study was carried out in ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Miranda AC,Falcão J,Dias JA,Nóbrega SD,Rebelo MJ,Pimenta ZP,Saúde MD

更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Theoretical considerations concerning the use of other cancer patients as controls in cancer case-control studies are reviewed. Selection bias may be a problem in that some other cancers may be caused by the exposure under study biasing the odds ratio towards unity. Such bias is noted to be greatest with low prevalenc...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Smith AH,Pearce NE,Callas PW

更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Associations between soy, dairy intakes and breast cancer risk are inconsistent. No studies exist with large numbers of dairy consumers and soy consumers to assess mutual confounding. METHODS:The study cohort contains 52 795 North American women, initially free of cancer, followed for 7.9 years (29.7% were ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Fraser GE,Jaceldo-Siegl K,Orlich M,Mashchak A,Sirirat R,Knutsen S

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Computer stimulations have been used to estimate the efficiency, as measured by the statistical power, of various combinations of design and analysis strategies for case-control studies. Conditions under which the various forms of analysis yield consistent relative risk estimators are derived for the general model. Th...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Howe GR,Choi BC

更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The relationship between income and health is usually thought to be curvilinear, but previous studies have yielded inconsistent results. We therefore examined the shape of the relationship between household equivalent income and self-assessed health in seven European countries. METHODS:Data were obtained fr...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Mackenbach JP,Martikainen P,Looman CW,Dalstra JA,Kunst AE,Lahelma E,SEdHA working group.

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To examine whether chlorination of drinking water was associated with cancer of the digestive or other organs, an ecological epidemiological study using nationwide incidence data from the Cancer Registry of Norway was carried out. On two geographical levels (counties and municipalities), both for men and women, chlori...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Flaten TP

更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Sexual behaviour data are crucial for understanding the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STD). Over a period (1987-1992) in which the HIV epidemic increased public awareness of safe sexual practices, we describe predictors of condom use, changes in condom use over time, and the estimated effects of t...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Stigum H,Magnus P,Veierød M,Bakketeig LS

更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this paper, a new non-parametric competing-risk model is proposed. This model takes relative susceptibility into account, and is thus free from the usual assumption of independence between competing causes of death. Another feature of the model is the adjustments of survivors and deaths as a results of the eliminat...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Wong O

更新日期：1977-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Tuberculosis has been declining in developed countries for a long time, as a result of the intrinsic epidemiological characteristics of this disease, combined with improvement in the standard of living and more recently the use of antibiotics. In these low prevalence countries, decisions concerning the objec...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Garcia A,Maccario J,Richardson S

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper discusses the application of Popper's philosophy to epidemiological research, examining in particular the problems of replication without risk of refutation, of mistaking statistical sophistication for deductive inference, and of dealing with causality at a general level. An example is given of a Popperian ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Buck C

更新日期：1975-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:To assess the impact of water sanitation and sewage disposal, part of a major environmental control programme in Rio de Janeiro, we carried out sero-prevalence studies for Hepatitis A virus (HAV) in three micro-regions in Rio de Janeiro. Each region varied with regard to level of sanitation. We are intereste...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Struchiner CJ,de Almeida LM,de Azevedo RS,Massad E

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Aboriginal Australians experience a higher risk of diabetes than the general Australian population. In this paper, we conducted a nested case-control study to determine whether the presence of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria is associated with the development of diabetes among diabetes-free Aboriginal ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Wang Z,Hoy WE

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Recently, using a counterfactual framework, a causal mediation analysis has been formalized to decompose the total effect of a time-fixed exposure on an outcome into four components that can be loosely defined as being components due to mediation only, interaction only, mediated interaction and neither. The ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Mutlu U,Ikram MA,Ikram MK

更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：Background:The Obstetrics and Periodontal Therapy (OPT) study, a randomized controlled trial, reported no effect of periodontal treatment on preterm birth. Even though there were more spontaneous abortions or stillbirths in the control group, sensitivity analyses using conventional approaches did not change the results...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Merchant AT,Sutherland MW,Liu J,Pitiphat W,Dasanayake A

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The infant mortality rate is not a good indicator of overall mortality or health status. Based on new empirical life tables from the UN Population Division, it can only predict life expectancy with 95% confidence to within a 14-year range. Two infant mortality rates must be nearly 80 units apart to be 95% confident th...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Murray CJ

更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mortality rates from ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in Australia for the period 1969-78 have been analysed by place of residence, occupation and country of birth. Large variations were found among subpopulations. Throughout the period IHD mortality was lowest among professional and farming occupations and highest among...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Gibberd RW,Dobson AJ,Florey CD,Leeder SR

更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This discussion of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in less developed countries covers incidence/prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, sequelae, future trends, and new opportunities for STD control -- technological changes, health service changes, and social and political changes. For most countries, current, pop...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Brown ST,Zacarias FR,Aral SO

更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Selection bias remains a more difficult bias to understand than confounding or measurement error. Past definitions have not always been illuminating and a simple method (such as the change-in-estimate method for confounding) has not been available to determine its presence and magnitude in the study sample. A better u...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Infante-Rivard C,Cusson A

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00