Analytical challenges for conducting rapid metabolism characterization for QIVIVE.

abstract：:Preclinical drug safety assessment includes in vitro studies with physiologically relevant cell cultures. As an in vitro system for hepatic toxicology testing, we have been generating cell clones of human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2 by lentiviral transduction of phase I cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. Here, we prese...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Steinbrecht S,König R,Schmidtke KU,Herzog N,Scheibner K,Krüger-Genge A,Jung F,Kammerer S,Küpper JH

更新日期：2019-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (t-DCE), an industrial solvent, proved to be moderately toxic when studied in small laboratory animals. In adult female rats brief (8 h) and prolonged (8 h daily, on 5 consecutive days a week, for more than 16 weeks) inhalation of 200 ppm--the current TLV/MAC in various countries--produced h...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Freundt KJ,Liebaldt GP,Lieberwirth E

更新日期：1977-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ghrelin stimulates growth hormone (GH) release and induces positive energy balances. Previous studies have reported that ghrelin inhibits apoptosis in several cell types but the precise underlying protective mechanisms in pancreatic beta cells are poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated which pathway was related...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Zhang Y,Ying B,Shi L,Fan H,Yang D,Xu D,Wei Y,Hu X,Zhang Y,Zhang X,Wang T,Liu D,Dou L,Chen G,Jiang F,Wen F

更新日期：2007-07-31 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study, some biochemical features and the extent of inhibition induced by the organophosphorous pesticide azinphos-methyl on the cholinesterase (ChE) activity present in whole soft tissue of two freshwater invertebrate species, the gastropod Biomphalaria glabrata and the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus were ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kristoff G,Guerrero NV,de D'Angelo AM,Cochón AC

更新日期：2006-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Rats exposed by inhalation to 3-trifluoromethylpyridine (3-FMP) for 10, 30 or 90 days showed an unusual response in the nasal passages. Focal histological change including reduction in the number of cell layers, disorganisation, vacuolation and minimal necrosis was confined to the olfactory epithelium. Axon bundles an...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gaskell BA,Hext PM,Pigott GH,Hodge MC,Tinston DJ

更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adverse drug reactions (ADR) are common and many are thought to have a genetic predisposition. There has been a great deal of interest in the role of P450 enzyme gene polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of adverse reactions. The major impact to date of polymorphic P450 expression has been on pre-clinical drug developmen...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Pirmohamed M,Park BK

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study evaluated a single intradermal injection model in the guinea pig with subsequent inhalation challenge and serological analysis as a method to predict the potential of chemicals to induce respiratory allergy. Four known respiratory allergens (trimellitic anhydride, diphenyl methane diisocyanate, phthalic anh...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Blaikie L,Morrow T,Wilson AP,Hext P,Hartop PJ,Rattray NJ,Woodcock D,Botham PA

更新日期：1995-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell death triggers the release into extracellular spaces of products of chromatin catabolism, particularly of DNA. A sensitive DNA assay has been used to investigate in the mouse whether the quantitation of plasma DNA may be used as an index of in vivo cytotoxicity. It has been found that toxic doses of bacterial lip...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Bret L,Lulé J,Alary C,Appolinaire-Pilipenko S,Pourrat JP,Fournié GJ

更新日期：1990-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The combined effects of ethyl alcohol (ETOH) intoxication and carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning were studied in the Levine-prepared rat. Infusion or injection of ETOH before and during 90 min of CO exposure to blood levels 2-4 times those considered legally drunk in humans, increased survival at 2400 ppm, and extended th...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Sharma P,Penney DG

更新日期：1990-05-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Some workers have suggested that 6 days xylitol administration to rats results in hepatic dysfunction. In our study xylitol was administered to rats by daily gastric intubation for a period of 14 days. Dose levels were 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 g/kg. During treatment (2, 5 and 14 days), animals were submitted to careful cli...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Truhaut,Coquet B,Fouillet X,Galland L,Guyot D,Rouaud JL,Long DW

更新日期：1977-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the most sensitive and reproducible immunotoxic endpoints of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure is suppression of the antibody response to sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) in mice. Immunosuppression occurs in concert with hepatomegaly and associated induction of several hepatic cytochrome P450 enz...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Smialowicz RJ,Burgin DE,Williams WC,Diliberto JJ,Setzer RW,Birnbaum LS

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To meet the military objective of determining criteria for incapacitation and lethality from toxic gas exposures, a series of small animal tests and data analyses were conducted. Carbon monoxide (CO), a narcotic gas and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), an irritant gas, along with carbon dioxide (CO2) were tested individually a...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Smith SM,Stuhmiller JH,Januszkiewicz AJ

更新日期：1996-12-31 00:00:00

abstract：:The carcinogenic response of NZO/BlGd inbred mice of both sexes to oral N-nitrosohexamethyleneimine (NHEX) was investigated at 2 differing dose rates, but equal cumulative doses. Mice received 52 mg NHEX (2 mg/g body wt) in drinking water over either an 8-week period (200 mg/l) or a 32-week period (50 mg/l), and were ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Goodall CM,Lijinsky W

更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CI-959 is an orally effective inhibitor of cellular activation in both in vitro and animal models. To assess the effects of CI-959 on immune function, male Fischer 344 rats were evaluated for splenic T- and B-lymphocyte populations, antibody-forming cell response to sheep red blood cells (sRBC), concanavalin A and pok...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Bleavins MR,de la Iglesia FA,McCay JA,White KL Jr,Munson AE

更新日期：1995-04-12 00:00:00

abstract：:In rats, 3 days treatment with paracetamol (1 oral dose of 1 g/kg daily) produced a complete protection against the hepatotoxic actions of a further dose of paracetamol as documented by determination of serum enzyme activities (glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), sorbitol deh...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Strubelt O,Siegers CP,Völpel M,Younes M

更新日期：1979-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies on the immunotoxicity of a complex mixture of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) by-products from a manufactured gas plant indicated possible synergistic interactions which were investigated by determining the immunosuppressive effects of a reconstituted PAH mixture in female B6C3F1 mice challenge...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Harper N,Steinberg M,Safe S

更新日期：1996-05-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The subacute toxicity of sodium saccharin and 2 hydrolytic derivatives, o-sulfamoylbenzoic acid (Compound I) and ammonium o-carboxybenzene sulfonate (Compound II) was evaluated by feeding each of the compounds alone at a dietary level of 20 000 ppm to both beagle dogs and albino rats. Additionally, groups of dogs and ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kennedy GL Jr,Fancher OE,Calandra JC

更新日期：1976-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of lindane on alpha-aminoisobutyric acid and uridine uptake were studied in the rat line C-6 of glial origin. Different levels of modifications could be distinguished by use of 2 modes of investigation. One study, carried out within minutes of contact with lindane, has shown that the inhibition of alpha-am...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Roux F,Treich I,Fournier E

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The function of the neuromuscular transmission in rats dosed with phoxim (P), methomyl (M), fenvalerate (F), and mixtures of P+M and P+F was studied by using both the stimulation single fiber electromyography (SSFEMG) and repetitive nerve stimulations (RNS) to determine the single muscle fiber action potential and com...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Yang D,He F,Li T

更新日期：2001-03-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Databases in science and technology dealing with toxicology subjects are of great and increasing interest to the scientific community. International hosts pay their tribute in creating toxicology clusters as a user-aid. Toxicology clusters of DataStar, DIALOG, DIMDI and STN are listed and compared. At the German Natio...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Voigt K,Brüggemann R

更新日期：1995-06-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Trichloroethylene (TCE) produced bronchiolar damage when administered to mice. Administration of 2000 mg/kg caused injury in Clara cells of the bronchiolar epithelium, which was observed at 24 h following TCE treatment; increase of the dosage to 2500 mg/kg induced additionally, alterations in alveolar Type II cells of...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Forkert PG,Sylvestre PL,Poland JS

更新日期：1985-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Salicylate has been found to be an inhibitor of fatty acid synthesis in isolated rat hepatocytes. Half-maximal inhibition of fatty acid synthesis occurs at approximately 2 mM. The inhibitory effect of salicylate on fatty acid synthesis is not relieve by the addition of acetate, suggesting that salicylate inhibits the ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Beynen AC,Buechler KF,van der Molen AJ,Geelen MJ

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have reported that maternal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induces socioemotional and cognitive disturbances in rat offspring. In the present study, the effects of maternal TCDD exposure on putative inhibitory interneurons were investigated in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Nguyen MN,Nishijo M,Nguyen AT,Bor A,Nakamura T,Hori E,Nakagawa H,Ono T,Nishijo H

更新日期：2013-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Valproic acid (VPA) and the unsaturated metabolites, 2-ene VPA and (E)-2,(Z)-3'-diene VPA, demonstrated dose-dependent cytotoxicity in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes, as evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage. Cellular glutathione (GSH) was depleted by adding buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) to the culture ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Jurima-Romet M,Abbott FS,Tang W,Huang HS,Whitehouse LW

更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), 2-mercaptopropionylglycine (MPG) and dithiothreitol (DTT) on the metabolism and toxicity of acetaminophen (APAP) were examined in isolated mouse hepatocytes maintained in primary culture on collagen-coated dishes. Both NAC and MPG increased the formation of the glutathione and su...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Harman AW,Self G

更新日期：1986-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous reports from this laboratory have established the propensity of chlordecone to potentiate the hepatotoxicity and lethality in male and female rats. The present study was designed to investigate the hepatotoxicity of CCl4 in chlordecone (CD) pretreated, ovariectomized rats. Ten days after bilateral ovariectomy...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Agarwal AK,Mehendale HM

更新日期：1984-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:No clinical data are available on the acute cutaneous toxicity of spin traps which are frequently used in combination with the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique for detection of free radicals and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute dermatotoxicity of the ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Fuchs J,Groth N,Herrling T

更新日期：2000-10-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Cruciferous vegetable consumption correlates with reduced risk of cancer. This chemopreventative activity may involve glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products. Glucosinolate-derived isothiocyanates have been studied for their toxicity and chemopreventative properties, but other hydrolysis products (epithionitriles...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kadir NH,David R,Rossiter JT,Gooderham NJ

更新日期：2015-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The scandal of melamine-contamination has not been quite blown out, since the toxicity of melamine continues to raise concerns for public health. It has been well known that fetus and infant periods play the most important roles in brain development, whereas little has been done on the harmful effects of melamine on t...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Yang J,An L,Yao Y,Yang Z,Zhang T

更新日期：2011-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：:High doses of cephaloridine produce necrosis of renal proximal tubular cells and this nephrotoxicity has been shown to be reduced by piperonyl butoxide (a mixed-function oxidase inhibitor) in rats and rabbits, and potentiated by phenobarbital (a mixed-function oxidase inducer) in rabbits but not rats. Phenobarbital is...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kuo CH,Hook JB

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00