CYP1A2 is not required for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced immunosuppression.

abstract：:Oral administration of sodium pyridinethione together with 63Ni2+, 109Cd2+ or 65Zn2+ to non-pregnant mice resulted in very markedly increased levels of the metals in several tissues in comparison with animals given the metals alone. For 63Ni2+ the sodium pyridinethione induced a strong labelling of the pancreatic isle...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Jasim S,Tjälve H

更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The 4 S polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-binding protein had been implicated in regulating the expression of rat cytochrome P450IA1 which is most closely associated with aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH). We have now investigated the presence of both the 4 S PAH-binding protein and the 8 S Ah receptor in rat hep...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Raha A,Reddy V,Xu LC,Houser WH,Bresnick E

更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mature rats were dosed with T3 by different routes and dose-levels at either 0.1 mg/kg for 14 days s.c. (Group A), 1 mg/kg for 3 alternative days i.p. (Group B), 5 mg/kg for 14 days p.o. (Group C), or with propylthiouracil (PTU 50 mg/day for 14 days p.o.-Group D). Measurement of cerebellar and striatal NA+,K+-ATPase a...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Atterwill CK,Brown CG,Collins P

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The nerve agent tabun inhibits the essential enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by a rapid phosphoramidation of the catalytic serine residue. Oximes, such as K027 and HLö-7, can reactivate tabun-inhibited human AChE (tabun-hAChE) whereas the activity of their close structural analogue HI-6 is notably low. To investiga...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Artursson E,Akfur C,Hörnberg A,Worek F,Ekström F

更新日期：2009-11-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Flame retardants such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) and tetrabromobisphenol A are used as flame retardants and detected in the environmental, wildlife species and human tissues. Exposure to PBDEs during the neonatal development of the brain has been shown to affect behavior and learning and memory in adult ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Viberg H,Eriksson P

更新日期：2011-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:This article traces the evolution of risk assessment as an essential analytical tool in the federal government. In many programs and agencies, decisions cannot be made without the benefit of information from risk assessment. Although this analytical tool influences important public health and economic decisions, there...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Graham JD

更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The influence of the insertion of a liver into the perfusion circuit of a lung on the availability of benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene metabolites to the lung was examined. Perfused lungs from 5,6-benzoflavone pretreated rats release high quantities of free benzo[a]pyrene metabolites and conjugates into the perfusion...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Mollière M,Foth H,Kahl R,Kahl GF

更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Drug hypersensitivity reactions are a daily worry for the clinicians, in particular anaphylactic reactions. The tools allowing a definite diagnosis are few and poorly validated. They include a thorough clinical history, standardized skin tests, reliable biological tests, and sometimes drug provocation tests. These too...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Demoly P

更新日期：2005-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Several types of pesticides, such as organophosphates, phenoxyacetic acid, and carbamate have a high risk of affecting human health, causing allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma-like diseases. We used our long-term sensitization method and a local lymph node assay to examine the allergic reactions caused by several ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Fukuyama T,Tajima Y,Ueda H,Hayashi K,Shutoh Y,Harada T,Kosaka T

更新日期：2009-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinical trials with antidotes are difficult to perform for a variety of practical, ethical, and financial reasons. As acute poisoning is a rare event, the commercial interest in basic and clinical research is low. Poisoned patients are usually not available for normal clinical trial procedures and, if they are, they ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Steffen C

更新日期：2007-04-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study investigates the influence of different levels of Schistosoma mansoni infection (60, 120, 180, 300, 600 cercariae per mice) after 33 days on the activity of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and the formation of hepatic hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) during the metabolic activation of benzo(a)pyrene [...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Awney HA,Ghzlan HE,Sheweita SA,Mostafa MH

更新日期：2001-06-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) including benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) are environmental pollutants, which undergo metabolic activation to exert their carcinogenic effects. Our earlier studies showed that naturally occurring plant phenols, protocatechuic, chlorogenic, tannic...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Szaefer H,Krajka-Kuźniak V,Baer-Dubowska W

更新日期：2008-09-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)-induced lung damage in mice is an excellent model system for studying mechanisms of chemically-induced, reversible alveolar injury. Changes in the pulmonary contents of protein kinase C (PKC) and the calcium-dependent protease, calpain, were previously noted during the repair phase follo...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Miller AC,Dwyer-Nield LD,Malkinson AM

更新日期：1995-03-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Nowadays, very little information concerning the effects on behavior in mammals of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), a widely distributed persistent environmental pollutant, is available. In the present study, we assessed the behavioral effects of PFOS on 3 months old mice after 1 month of exposure to this pollutant. ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Fuentes S,Vicens P,Colomina MT,Domingo JL

更新日期：2007-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A13 is mainly expressed in the respiratory system and has the ability to metabolize aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)). However, the role of CYP2A13-mediated AFB(1) metabolism and its consequences in human lung epithelial cell is not clear. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the si...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Yang XJ,Lu HY,Li ZY,Bian Q,Qiu LL,Li Z,Liu Q,Li J,Wang X,Wang SL

更新日期：2012-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is a common drinking water disinfection byproduct that produces a spectrum of liver effects, including hepatomegaly and liver tumors, in mice. It is also an oxidative metabolite of trichloroethylene (TCE), a solvent used in degreasing with widespread environmental exposure, which also produc...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Chiu WA

更新日期：2011-07-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute and subchronic toxicities of VRCTC-310, a combination product of crotoxin (CT) and cardiotoxin (CD), which has shown antitumor activity in vivo, have been studied in Beagle dogs. Single i.m. doses of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg resulted in dose-dependent local muscular toxicity consisting of myofiber atrophy, inters...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： DeTolla LJ,Stump KC,Russell R,Viskatis LJ,Vidal JG,Newman RA,Etcheverry MA

更新日期：1995-05-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Transgenic rat mutation assays can be used to assess genotoxic properties of chemicals in target organs for carcinogenicity. Mutations in transgenes are genetically neutral and accumulate during a treatment period; thus, assays are suitable for assessing the genotoxic risk of chemicals using a repeated-dose treatment ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kawamura Y,Hayashi H,Masumura K,Numazawa S,Nohmi T

更新日期：2014-10-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The objective of this study was to observe whether 1.8 GHz microwaves (MW) (SAR, 3 W/kg) exposure can influence human lymphocyte DNA damage induced by ultraviolet ray C (UVC). The lymphocytes, which were from three young healthy donors, were exposed to 254 nm UVC at the doses of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 J m(-...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Baohong W,Lifen J,Lanjuan L,Jianlin L,Deqiang L,Wei Z,Jiliang H

更新日期：2007-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:During the past decade, several assessments have estimated the carcinogenic risk of inhaled 1,3-butadiene (BD) to the general population as well as for occupational exposures. Although most of the risk assessments have been based on inhalation bioassays in mice, some of the assessments have included the 2-year inhalat...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Cagen SZ,MacDonald RL,Van Gelder G

更新日期：1996-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Osteotoxic compounds administered during pregnancy can initiate skeletal congenital anomalies in the embryo. In vitro, developmental osteotoxicity of a compound can be predicted with the embryonic stem cell test (EST), the only in vitro embryotoxicity model identified to date that entirely abrogates the use of animals...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： zur Nieden NI,Davis LA,Rancourt DE

更新日期：2010-11-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Isoniazid is a widely used drug for the treatment of tuberculosis, but hepatotoxicity is a major concern during treatment. Thiopronin contains an SH-group and is generally considered an antioxidant. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of thiopronin during liver injury and DNA damage induced by ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Yue J,Dong G,He C,Chen J,Liu Y,Peng R

更新日期：2009-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The allergenicity of various compounds was tested by means of the optimization procedure in the guinea-pig. Results with antibiotics, preservatives, fragrance raw materials and miscellaneous contactants are reported. Their relevance is critically discussed in relation to other animal sensitization methods (Draize, Büh...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Maurer T,Weirich EG,Hess R

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are exogenous substances or xenoestrogens natural or synthetic, capable of interacting with different systems and altering their normal hormonal regulation, being the reproductive system one of the most affected. EDs produce their effects not only by acting on nuclear steroid receptors, but ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ponzo OJ,Silvia C

更新日期：2013-09-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Several different meanings have been attached to the term "chemical sensitivity" by those who use it. Feeling ill from odors is a symptom reported by approximately one-third of the population. The syndrome of chemical sensitivity, frequently called "Multiple Chemical Sensitivity" or "MCS" has been the subject of three...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Miller CS

更新日期：1996-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Atrazine (ATZ) is used throughout North America to control annual broadleaf weeds and grasses in various crops including; corn, sorghum, and sugar cane. Unfortunately, contamination of surface and ground water has occurred as a result of ATZ's chemical and physical properties, and its widespread use throughout the U.S...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Karrow NA,McCay JA,Brown RD,Musgrove DL,Guo TL,Germolec DR,White KL Jr

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Urinary dialkylphosphates (DAPs) are measured to assess exposure to organophosphorus pesticides (OPs), but they are common metabolites of OPs and not specific indices for individual agents. Biomonitoring (BM) of urinary DAPs has been widely adopted as an assessment of individual exposure in general environments, howev...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Sato H,Ito Y,Hanai C,Nishimura M,Ueyama J,Kamijima M

更新日期：2021-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We had previously demonstrated that 1 mM 2,4-D inhibited cell growth, nucleic acid synthesis and protein synthesis (at the ribosomal level) of Azospirillum brasilense. These alterations were prevented by the presence of polyamines in the culture medium. On the other hand, polyamines did not affect the 2,4-D uptake. In...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Mori G,Fabra A,Castro S,Rivarola V,Giordano W,Balegno H

更新日期：1995-04-12 00:00:00

abstract：:An in vitro model of the rat nasal cavity has been used to compare the responses of nasal tissues in vitro, using loss of intracellular ATP and potassium as indices of toxicity, with the pathological changes occurring following in vivo exposure to four test compounds. Turbinates were incubated in vitro with the test c...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kilgour JD,Simpson SA,Alexander DJ,Reed CJ

更新日期：2000-04-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of zinc and copper on delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase were studied in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro addition of zinc alone to whole blood resulted in a highly significant increase in enzyme activity. The addition of copper alone had the opposite effect with a significant decrease in enzyme activit...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Nelson HM,Hughes MA,Meredith PA

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00