Reactivation of tabun-hAChE investigated by structurally analogous oximes and mutagenesis.

abstract：:The aim of this study is to explore the potent neuroprotective effect of calpeptin (CP) on neuron damage induced by acrylamide (ACR) and its mechanism. Behavioural indicators such as hind limb splay, rota-rod performance, and gait analysis were assessed weekly to evaluate neurobehavioural changes after ACR and/or CP a...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Su B,Guan Q,Wang M,Liu N,Wei X,Wang S,Yang X,Jiang W,Xu M,Yu S

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Deltamethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide used worldwide in agriculture, home pest control, protection of foodstuff and disease vector control. The objective of this study was to investigate the propensity of deltamethrin to induce oxidative stress and changes in biochemical parameters and enzyme activities i...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Yousef MI,Awad TI,Mohamed EH

更新日期：2006-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Induction of hepatic metallothionein (MT) by acetaminophen was characterized in the rat and mouse. Treatment of rats with the hepatotoxin resulted in increase of liver MT in a dose-dependent manner. MT concentration was elevated by 41%, 140% and 260% following acetaminophen injection at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/k...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Wormser U,Calp D

更新日期：1988-12-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Between the DNA sequences of two randomly-selected human genomes, which consist of over 3 billion base pairs and twenty five thousand genes, there exists only 0.1% variation and 99.9% sequence identity. During the last couple of decades, extensive genome-wide studies have investigated the association between single-nu...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Singh DP,Bagam P,Sahoo MK,Batra S

更新日期：2017-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A mixture of 55% tallow alkyl ethoxylate sulfate (TAE3S) and 45% of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) was fed to two generations of rats at dietary levels of 0.1, 0.5 or 1.0%. The rats were fed the surfactant mixture either continuously or during the organogenesis (days 6-15) period of six pregnancies. In addition,...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Nolen GA,Klusman LW,Patrick LF,Geil RG

更新日期：1975-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Haptens are classified as low molecular chemicals with an intrinsic potential to covalently modify proteins, and many of them are strong inducers of contact hypersensitivity (CHS). CHS is T cell mediated, and hapten-specific T cells have been shown to interact with hapten-modified, MHC-associated peptides. However, th...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Thierse HJ,Gamerdinger K,Junkes C,Guerreiro N,Weltzien HU

更新日期：2005-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In the current study, we used pathway-specific cDNA arrays to detect the transcriptional signature induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in vivo by studying simultaneously the expression profiles of 83 genes involved in apoptosis, cytokine production and angiogenesis. To this end, C57BL/6 mice were inj...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Zeytun A,McKallip RJ,Fisher M,Camacho I,Nagarkatti M,Nagarkatti PS

更新日期：2002-09-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Testicular injury is often observed in drug development. Serum hormones are usually used as noninvasive biomarkers for testicular injury; however, their sensitivities are low. Therefore, it is difficult to monitor testicular injury in drug development. In recent years, molecules in body fluid exosomes have attracted a...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kawata R,Kagawa T,Koya Y,Kajiyama H,Oda S,Yokoi T

更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is generally believed that estrogen receptor-dependent and -independent pathways are involved in mediating the developmental effects of the synthetic estrogen, diethylstilbestrol (DES). However, the precise role and extent to which each pathway contributes to the resulting pathologies remains unknown. We have emplo...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Couse JF,Korach KS

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Carbon monoxide (CO) gas is a product of the incomplete combustion of carbon-based fuels and substances. From a public health perspective, CO poisoning may be the cause of more than 50% of fatal poisonings in many industrial countries. The adverse effects of CO poisoning may be more widespread because of unreported si...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Omaye ST

更新日期：2002-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Sodium valproate (VPA) is a potentially hepatotoxic antiepileptic drug. Risk of VPA-induced hepatotoxicity is increased in patients with mitochondrial diseases and especially in patients with POLG1 gene mutations. We used a HepG2 cell in vitro model to investigate the effect of VPA on mitochondrial activity. Cells wer...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Komulainen T,Lodge T,Hinttala R,Bolszak M,Pietilä M,Koivunen P,Hakkola J,Poulton J,Morten KJ,Uusimaa J

更新日期：2015-05-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure to cadmium (Cd) can cause a variety of biological effects including alterations of immune responses in animals and humans. Both immunosuppression and immunoenhancement have been reported. The present study was aimed at investigating the consequences of exposure to Cd on the human immunoglobulin (Ig) E synthes...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Jelovcan S,Gutschi A,Kleinhappl B,Sedlmayr P,Barth S,Marth E

更新日期：2003-06-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Inorganic arsenic (iAs) and its metabolites are transferred to the foetus through the placental barrier and this exposure can compromise the normal development of the unborn. For this reason, we assessed the toxicity of sodium arsenite (iAs(III)) and its metabolites dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)), monomethylarsonic aci...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ferrario D,Croera C,Brustio R,Collotta A,Bowe G,Vahter M,Gribaldo L

更新日期：2008-07-30 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper presents an overview of issues related to surface water contamination arising from uranium mining activities in the Alligator Rivers Region (ARR) of northern Australia, and a program of research and monitoring that must assess the potential and actual effects on ecosystem and human health. The program of as...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： van Dam RA,Humphrey CL,Martin P

更新日期：2002-12-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have shown that magnesium, unlike calcium, prevents cadmium carcinogenesis at the subcutaneous injection site, and that neither magnesium nor calcium has any significant influence on the production of testicular tumors by cadmium in rats. The present investigation attempts to disclose the nature of th...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kasprzak KS,Poirier LA

更新日期：1985-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Isolated perfused rat kidneys were used to determine the contribution of filtration and tubular transport of cisplatin to its nephrotoxicity. Perfusion of kidneys with 0.5 mM cisplatin concomitantly reduced tubular reabsorption of electrolytes and glomerular filtration rate in a time-dependent manner. These renal func...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Miura K,Goldstein RS,Pasino DA,Hook JB

更新日期：1987-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Atrazine (ATZ) is used throughout North America to control annual broadleaf weeds and grasses in various crops including; corn, sorghum, and sugar cane. Unfortunately, contamination of surface and ground water has occurred as a result of ATZ's chemical and physical properties, and its widespread use throughout the U.S...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Karrow NA,McCay JA,Brown RD,Musgrove DL,Guo TL,Germolec DR,White KL Jr

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:p-Dichlorobenzene (p-DCB) is widely used as a moth repellent and a space deodorant. In mice pretreated with DL-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO; 2 mmol/kg or higher doses, i.p.), an inhibitor of glutathione (GSH) synthesis, administration of p-DCB (100-400 mg/kg, p.o.) resulted in dose-dependent hepatotoxicity as judged by...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Mizutani T,Nakahori Y,Yamamoto K

更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Drug-induced hepatotoxicity is a major problem in drug development, and oxidative stress is known as one of the causes. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are important antioxidant enzymes against reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondria are the major source of superoxide production, and SOD2 is mainly localized in mitoc...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Yoshikawa Y,Morita M,Hosomi H,Tsuneyama K,Fukami T,Nakajima M,Yokoi T

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Some organophosphorus compounds (OP) induce a delayed polyneuropathy (OPIDP) which is initiated by the phosphorylation of the so-called neuropathy target esterase (NTE). In this work some aspects of hen sciatic nerve NTE are studied. The assay method is reported and modifications are discussed and a combined method pr...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Barril JB,Vilanova E,Pellin MC

更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability of cis-dichlorodiammine platinum II to cause chromosomal aberrations in rats and dominant lethality in mice was studied. Five daily intraperitoneal doses ranging from 0.25 to 2.00 mg/kg/day failed to result in the observance of dominant lethal mutations in mice. Intraperitoneal doses of 0.13 and 0.52 mg/kg...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Levine BS,Preache MM,Pergament E

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Manganese (II) bis(glycinate)dichloride (Mn(glycinate)2) is a coordination complex of manganese with application as a contrast enhancement agent for magnetic resonance imaging in the heart. To determine the cardioactivity of the manganese ion in this chelation cage, the effects of Mn(glycinate)2 on Ca channel function...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Tan W,Barnett JV,Hehn GM,Quay SC,Galper JB

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In our previous study, di-n-butyltin diacetate has been shown to cause malformations such as cleft mandible, ankyloglossia, fused ribs, etc. in rat fetuses after oral treatment of maternal rats on day 8 of gestation. In this study, teratogenic effects of five di-n-butyltin compounds with different anions and also buty...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Noda T,Morita S,Baba A

更新日期：1993-12-31 00:00:00

abstract：:The reproductive toxicity of vanadium was studied in mice. Male Swiss mice were exposed to sodium metavanadate at doses of 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg/kg per day given in the drinking water for 64 days. To evaluate the fertility of the vanadium-treated animals, males were mated with untreated females for 4 days. A signif...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Llobet JM,Colomina MT,Sirvent JJ,Domingo JL,Corbella J

更新日期：1993-06-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Salicylate has been found to be an inhibitor of fatty acid synthesis in isolated rat hepatocytes. Half-maximal inhibition of fatty acid synthesis occurs at approximately 2 mM. The inhibitory effect of salicylate on fatty acid synthesis is not relieve by the addition of acetate, suggesting that salicylate inhibits the ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Beynen AC,Buechler KF,van der Molen AJ,Geelen MJ

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Because occupational hazards of small-scale industries were severe and the occupational health management lagged behind in Shanghai, we selected some districts as experimental units to explore a model of community management and service for the occupational health in small-scale industries for controlling occupational...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Wei L,Shi-Da W

更新日期：2004-05-20 00:00:00

abstract：:2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, more popularly called dioxin or TCDD and referred to in this review as 2,3,7,8-TCDD, is considered the prototype of the polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD). The PCDD are true contaminants and are formed primarily as byproducts in the manufacture of materials requiring the use ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Holsapple MP,Snyder NK,Wood SC,Morris DL

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cytotoxicity of CdCl2 and 2 isoforms of hepatic cadmium-metallothionein (CdMT I and II), was investigated using primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. The cell cultures were exposed to cadmium as CdCl2 or as either isoform of CdMT for a 20-h period at concentrations ranging from 50 to 500 ng Cd X ml-1. Cytotoxicity ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Beattie JH,Marion M,Denizeau F

更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dimethoate, azinphos-methyl, diazinon and pirimiphos-methyl, widely used organophosphorous insecticides, and benomyl, a benzimidazole fungicide, induce different cytotoxic effects on the human leukemia cell line HL-60. Among the insecticides tested, only azinphos and diazinon induced a dose-related inhibition of prote...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Marinovich M,Guizzetti M,Galli CL

更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The objective of this study was to compare the disposition and metabolism of [14C]1,2-dichloropropane [( 14C]DCP) following oral and inhalation exposure since these two routes are of interest with regards to occupational and accidental exposure. [14C]DCP was administered orally to groups of four rats of each sex as a ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Timchalk C,Dryzga MD,Smith FA,Bartels MJ

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00