Calpeptin is neuroprotective against acrylamide-induced neuropathy in rats.

abstract：:A neuron spinal chord x hybrid (NSC-34) cell culture derived from neonatal mouse was characterized for studies on mercury toxicity. Exposure of NSC-34 cells to methyl mercury chloride (MeHgCl) (0-16 microM) resulted in significant dose-dependent cell damage and death (P < 0.05). MeHgCl was more toxic than inorganic me...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Chapman LA,Chan HM

更新日期：1999-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural antioxidants like catechin are now known to have a modulatory role on physiological functions and biotransformation reactions involved in the detoxification process, thereby affording protection from toxic metabolic actions of xenobiotics. Reactive oxygen intermediates have been demonstrated to play an etiolog...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Parvez S,Tabassum H,Rehman H,Banerjee BD,Athar M,Raisuddin S

更新日期：2006-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitochondrial dysfunction with exposure to anthropogenic contaminants is a critical concern in biomedical and ecological health. Importantly, understanding the role of mitotoxicants in modulating organismal fitness and survival, particularly in the context of species' resilience to shifts in abiotic factors with clima...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Jayasundara N

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and N-nitrosamines (NNA) are mainly activated by cytochrome P450s, and their associated enzyme activities such as aryl hydrocarbon (benzo(a)pyrene) hydroxylase (AHH), N-nitrosdimethylamine N-demethylase I (NDMA-dI), NADPH-cytochrome C reductase, and detoxified by glutathione S-t...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Sheweita SA,Newairy AA,Mansour HA,Yousef MI

更新日期：2002-05-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have shown that excess dietary Al during development can affect neurobehavioral measures and decrease tissue Mn of 21-day-old weanling mice without a corresponding increase in tissue Al concentrations. Al and Mn have similar tissue concentrations and similar affinities for transferrin, which is the ma...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Golub MS,Han B,Keen CL,Gershwin ME

更新日期：1993-07-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Recently it has become clear that exposure to xenobiotics may result in various forms of cell death; not only passive cell deaths like necrosis, or programmed cell deaths such as apoptosis, but also regulated necrosis, autophagy, senescence, or mitotic catastrophe. Complex cell signaling networks influence the process...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Tekpli X,Holme JA,Sergent O,Lagadic-Gossmann D

更新日期：2013-02-08 00:00:00

abstract：:2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, more popularly called dioxin or TCDD and referred to in this review as 2,3,7,8-TCDD, is considered the prototype of the polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD). The PCDD are true contaminants and are formed primarily as byproducts in the manufacture of materials requiring the use ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Holsapple MP,Snyder NK,Wood SC,Morris DL

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The tissue uptake of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) during infection was studied in a mouse model using the common human virus Coxsackievirus B3 (CB3), adapted here to the mouse. Male A/J-mice were infected with the CB3 virus and subsequently, on days 4 and 7 of the infection, injected with 0.5 microCi [14...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Funseth E,Ilbäck NG

更新日期：1994-05-31 00:00:00

abstract：:The promoting effects of a combined exposure to two pollutants (NO2, O3 or H2SO4-aerosol) at near ambient levels on lung tumorigenesis induced by N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl) nitrosamine (BHPN) were investigated in male Wistar rats. The rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of BHPN (0.5 g per kg body wt.) at 6 ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ichinose T,Sagai M

更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Organotellurides are important intermediates in organic synthesis and, consequently, the occupational exposure to them is a constant risk for laboratory workers. These compounds can elicit many neurotoxic events in the central nervous system (CNS) that are associated with several neurological symptoms. In contrast, or...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Funchal C,Moretto MB,Vivian L,Zeni G,Rocha JB,Pessoa-Pureur R

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The current Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines for evaluating organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) require the observation of dosed animals over several days and the sacrifice of 48 hens. Adhering to these protocols in tests with enantiomers is difficult because lar...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Emerick GL,DeOliveira GH,Oliveira RV,Ehrich M

更新日期：2012-02-26 00:00:00

abstract：:National and international law is an essential component of the array of measures serving to protect against the hostile release of biological or chemical agents, and to help to mitigate the consequences should such a release nevertheless take place. These includes the Geneva Protocol of 1925, the Chemical Weapons Con...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kenyon IR,Gutschmidt K,Cosivi O

更新日期：2005-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Feeding of rats with 1% ethoxyquin (EQ) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) but not butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) increases the formation rate of benzo[a]pyrene (BP)-4,5-dihydrodiol from BP in hepatic microsomes. The production of other BP-dihydrodiols and of BP phenols is decreased after treatment with EQ, BHT and BH...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kahl R,Kahl GF

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Valproic acid (VPA) and the unsaturated metabolites, 2-ene VPA and (E)-2,(Z)-3'-diene VPA, demonstrated dose-dependent cytotoxicity in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes, as evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage. Cellular glutathione (GSH) was depleted by adding buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) to the culture ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Jurima-Romet M,Abbott FS,Tang W,Huang HS,Whitehouse LW

更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microcystins are cyclic heptapeptide toxins produced by certain strains of Microcystis aeruginosa and microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is the most toxic among the 70 variants isolated so far. These toxins have been implicated in both human and livestock mortality. In the present study we investigated the microcystin-LR induced ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Jayaraj R,Anand T,Rao PV

更新日期：2006-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate the mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis due to dicyclanil (DC), an insect growth regulator for sheep, histopathological and molecular biological analyses were performed in the liver of male ICR mice fed on a diet containing 1500 ppm of DC for 2 weeks (Experiment I; Exp. I). In gene expression analyses usi...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Moto M,Okamura M,Muto T,Kashida Y,Machida N,Mistumori K

更新日期：2005-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:In our experiments on acutely lead exposed rats we observed a marked increase (a 2-fold or 3-fold increase with 30 mg/kg or 60 mg/kg lead acetate, respectively) in [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate [( 3H]QNB) specific binding to muscarine receptors from striatum and cortex, without any change in receptor affinity. Muscarine...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Moingeon P,Bidart JM,Alberici GF,Boudène C,Bohuon C

更新日期：1984-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Phthalate esters belong to a large class of compounds known as peroxisome proliferators (PP). PP include chemicals that activate different subtypes of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family. The ability of phthalate esters and their metabolites to activate responses through different PPAR subtype...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Lapinskas PJ,Brown S,Leesnitzer LM,Blanchard S,Swanson C,Cattley RC,Corton JC

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mercury is one of the major heavy metal pollutants occurring in elemental, inorganic and organic forms. Due to ban on most inorganic mercury containing products, human exposure to mercury generally occurs as methylmercury (MeHg) by consumption of contaminated fish and other sea food. Animal and epidemiological studies...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Khan H,Singh RD,Tiwari R,Gangopadhyay S,Roy SK,Singh D,Srivastava V

更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a psychoactive component of marijuana, is known to exert cytotoxicity in immune cells. In the present study, we examined the cytotoxicity of Δ⁸-THC in mouse macrophage J774-1 cells and a possible involvement of cannabinoid receptors and stress-responsive mitogen-activated protein kinases (M...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Yamaori S,Ishii H,Chiba K,Yamamoto I,Watanabe K

更新日期：2013-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Osteoporosis is associated with many etiological causes such as nutrition, cytokines, hormones, and aging. Recently, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are considered to be responsible for the aging process and osteoporosis. We investigated the relationship between ROS and bone metabolism in young female and postmenopausal...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Isomura H,Fujie K,Shibata K,Inoue N,Iizuka T,Takebe G,Takahashi K,Nishihira J,Izumi H,Sakamoto W

更新日期：2004-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The spectrum of the anti-apoptotic potential of heparin is currently under scrutiny in various tissues and under various pathological situations. In this study, the role of a low-molecular-weight heparin derivative (LMWH), certoparin in adriamycin-induced oxidative DNA damage has been evaluated in the cardiac and rena...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Deepa PR,Varalakshmi P

更新日期：2006-01-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is a component of signal transduction pathways mediating various stress signals including oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and is suggested to be implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases. Cell death in neurodegenerative conditions has bee...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hirata Y,Iwasaki T,Makimura Y,Okajima S,Oh-Hashi K,Takemori H

更新日期：2019-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:An embryotoxicity study on Ponceau 4 R was carried out in SPF Wistar rats. The substance was given by gavage from day 1 to 20 of the gestation period in doses of 0, 1000, 2000, and 4000 mg/kg bw per day, dissolved in distilled water. The foetuses were removed on day 21. No effect due to the treatment with the dye was ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Meyer O,Hansen EV

更新日期：1975-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The possibility that Cd administration could activate the pituitary-adrenal axis has been studied. It was found that acute administration of Cd strongly increased serum corticosterone levels. Adrenocortical activation correlated well with serum Cd levels, suggesting that adrenal activation was dependent on the presenc...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hidalgo J,Armario A

更新日期：1987-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Colicins are unusual bacterial toxins because they are directed against close relatives of the producing strain. They kill their targets in one of three distinct ways; via a ribonuclease or deoxyribonuclease activity or by forming pores in the target cell's membrane. This review deals with the steps involved in pore-f...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Lakey JH,van der Goot FG,Pattus F

更新日期：1994-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Conditions for the optimal expression of the human CYP1B1 hemoprotein in Escherichia coli have been investigated. CYP1B1 cDNA was prepared from a retinal cDNA template and used to generate cDNA fragments with modified 5'-sequences reported to allow enhanced expression in E. coli DH5alpha. Plasmids were constructed, us...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Jansson I,Stoilov I,Sarfarazi M,Schenkman JB

更新日期：2000-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Testicular injury is often observed in drug development. Serum hormones are usually used as noninvasive biomarkers for testicular injury; however, their sensitivities are low. Therefore, it is difficult to monitor testicular injury in drug development. In recent years, molecules in body fluid exosomes have attracted a...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kawata R,Kagawa T,Koya Y,Kajiyama H,Oda S,Yokoi T

更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We determined the effects of low-level prenatal MeHg exposure on neuronal migration in the developing rat cerebral cortex using in utero electroporation. We used offspring rats born to dams that had been exposed to saline or various doses of MeHg (0.01 mg/kg/day, 0.1 mg/kg/day, and 1 mg/kg/day) from gestational day (G...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Guo BQ,Yan CH,Cai SZ,Yuan XB,Shen XM

更新日期：2013-02-08 00:00:00

abstract：:In 1975, in cooperation with 8 County Hygienic Stations, total mercury content in fish from rivers and lakes in Hungary was measured. The mercury content in fish muscle-tissue from 164 fish samples averaged 0.36 mg/kg. Average levels in different fish species ranged from 0.10 to 0.57 mg/kg. The amount of mercury in fi...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gergely A,Soós K,Erdélyi L,Cieleszky V

更新日期：1977-06-01 00:00:00