Inorganic mercury pre-exposures protect against methyl mercury toxicity in NSC-34 (neuron x spinal cord hybrid) cells.

abstract：:As vaccines are undoubtedly classified as pharmaceuticals, they have to be submitted to strict non-clinical safety evaluation. The context of their prophylactic use requires that every effort is made to ensure their safe use. Their safety evaluation is complex as they act through a multistage mechanism in which the va...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Verdier F

更新日期：2002-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:To meet the military objective of determining criteria for incapacitation and lethality from toxic gas exposures, a series of small animal tests and data analyses were conducted. Carbon monoxide (CO), a narcotic gas and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), an irritant gas, along with carbon dioxide (CO2) were tested individually a...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Smith SM,Stuhmiller JH,Januszkiewicz AJ

更新日期：1996-12-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Hyperbilirubinemia is one of the most common clinical phenomena observed in human newborns. To achieve effective therapeutic treatment, numerous studies have been done to determine the molecular mechanisms of bilirubin-induced neuronal excitotoxicity. However, there is no conclusive evidence for the involvement of glu...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Li CY,Shi HB,Song NY,Yin SK

更新日期：2011-06-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Adriamycin (ADR), an anthracycline antibiotic, which is widely used as an antineoplastic drug in the treatment of various solid tumors, has been shown to induce genotoxicity in erythropoietic system. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective efficacy of DL-alpha-lipoic acid (LA) on ADR-induced cla...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Prahalathan C,Selvakumar E,Varalakshmi P,Kumarasamy P,Saravanan R

更新日期：2006-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The free radical scavenging activities and inhibitory effect of lipid peroxidation of a delphinidin derivative in eggplant were investigated. Delphinidin-3-(p-coumaroylrutinoside)-5-glucoside (nasunin), an anthocyanin, was isolated as purple colored crystals from eggplant peels. Using electron spin resonance spectrome...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Noda Y,Kneyuki T,Igarashi K,Mori A,Packer L

更新日期：2000-08-07 00:00:00

abstract：:High-throughput in vitro toxicity screening provides an efficient way to identify potential biological targets for environmental and industrial chemicals while conserving limited testing resources. However, reliance on the nominal chemical concentrations in these in vitro assays as an indicator of bioactivity may misr...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Wetmore BA

更新日期：2015-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Silicosis is a universal occupational disease, which is caused by long-term crystalline silica exposure. Recent studies have shown that noncoding RNAs participate in diverse pathological cellular pathways. However, the precise regulation mechanism remains limited in silicosis. Here, we established a silica-induced mou...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Cheng D,Xu Q,Liu Y,Li G,Sun W,Ma D,Ni C

更新日期：2021-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Human exposure assessment is frequently noted as a weak link and bottleneck in the risk assessment process. Fortunately, the World Wide Web and Internet are providing access to numerous valuable sources of human exposure assessment-related information, along with opportunities for information exchange. Internet mailin...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Schwela D,Hakkinen PJ

更新日期：2004-05-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of thallous cation (Tl(+)) on: (a) the production of oxidant species and (b) membrane fluidity were evaluated in human leukemia T cells (Jurkat). After 72 h of incubation in the presence of Tl(+) (5-100 microM), no significant changes in cell viability were observed, although the average cell size was decr...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Verstraeten SV

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The question as to whether or not the hypotension observed as part of the effect of tricholorofluoromethane (FC11), dichlorofluoromethane (FC 12), dichlorotetrafluoroethane (FC 114) and methyl chloroform was due to a vasodepressor component of action, in addition to the previously documented depression in myocardial c...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Simaan JA,Aviado DM

更新日期：1976-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rats were exposed to isopropanol by inhalation of 200,2000 and 8000 ppm for 2 weeks with a daily exposure of 6 h. A pilot group exposed to 8000 ppm was given a recovery period of 4 weeks. Kidney and liver microsomal metabolism of n-hexane was investigated in vitro concomitant with activities of cytochrome P-450 and GS...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Zahlsen K,Aarstad K,Nilsen OG

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Some organophosphorus compounds (OP) induce a delayed polyneuropathy (OPIDP) which is initiated by the phosphorylation of the so-called neuropathy target esterase (NTE). In this work some aspects of hen sciatic nerve NTE are studied. The assay method is reported and modifications are discussed and a combined method pr...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Barril JB,Vilanova E,Pellin MC

更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunotoxicology originated in the early 1970s, when scientists began investigating chemicals. During the 1970s and early 1980s, a few investigators determined that chemicals were immunotoxic, developed and/or refined immunoassays, and began to characterize immunotoxic responses. In the 1980s, many new investigators e...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Koller LD

更新日期：2001-03-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Maintenance of health is dependent on numerous regulatory interactions between organ systems. This review discusses interorgan communication between the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems and environmental and genetic influences on this neuroendocrine immune circuitry. Stresses of multiple types, including psychol...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Lawrence DA,Kim D

更新日期：2000-01-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Inhibition of regulated exocytosis by botulinum toxins type A and B was studied in chromaffin cells. Both virtually abolished catecholamine release triggered from intact cells by depolarising stimuli, whereas the blockade by type A, but not B, was only partial after cell permeabilisation and direct stimulation of exoc...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Lawrence GW,Foran P,Oliver Dolly J

更新日期：2002-12-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is an organochlorine pesticide that acts as an endocrine disruptor in humans and rodents. The development of breast cancer strongly depends on endocrine conditions modulated by environmental factors. We have demonstrated that HCB is a tumor co-carcinogen in rats and an inducer of proliferation ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Peña D,Pontillo C,García MA,Cocca C,Alvarez L,Chiappini F,Bourguignon N,Frahm I,Bergoc R,Kleiman de Pisarev D,Randi A

更新日期：2012-03-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Chlorination of drinking water containing organic materials is known to generate toxic by-products. We suggested that such compounds may also be produced by interactions between chlorine and bacteria present in water. To confirm this hypothesis, a method based on RNA synthesis inhibition of HeLa S3 human cells in the ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ferey KA,Fauris C,Husson GP,Vilagines R

更新日期：2000-11-16 00:00:00

abstract：:We performed a reporter gene assay for ERalpha-mediated transcriptional activation and an immature rat uterotrophic assay of 23 chemicals, to study the relationship between these two assays and to examine the usefulness of the reporter gene assay. The chemicals analyzed in the study were as follows: benzophenone, bisp...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Yamasaki K,Takeyoshi M,Yakabe Y,Sawaki M,Imatanaka N,Takatsuki M

更新日期：2002-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:N-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)succinimide (NDPS) is an agricultural fungicide which has been shown to induce acute tubular necrosis. The purpose of the present study was to determine if creatinine clearance was altered early in the development of NDPS nephrotoxicity. This study also examined the effect of autacoid modulation ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Rankin GO,Valentovic MA,Teets VJ,Nicoll DW,Anestis DK,Brown PI

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Allylamine (3-aminopropene) is a specific cardiac toxicant that causes aortic, valvular and myocardial lesions in many species. Myocardial necrosis can be observed 24 h after a single dose. Acute toxicity is believed to involve metabolism of allylamine to highly reactive acrolein (2-propenal). Allylamine has been show...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Biagini RE,Toraason MA,Lynch DW,Winston GW

更新日期：1990-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:It is reported that gambogic acid (GA), the main active compound of gamboge which is a dry resin extracted from Garcinia hanburyi tree, has potent antitumor activity both in vivo and in vitro. Activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in cancer cells is one effective therapy for cancer treatment. In the present st...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Nie F,Zhang X,Qi Q,Yang L,Yang Y,Liu W,Lu N,Wu Z,You Q,Guo Q

更新日期：2009-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Myopathy is among the well documented and the most disturbing adverse effects of statins. The underlying mechanism is still unknown. Mitochondrial dysfunction related to coenzyme Q10 decline is one of the proposed theories. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism of atorvastatin-induced myopathy in rats. ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： El-Ganainy SO,El-Mallah A,Abdallah D,Khattab MM,Mohy El-Din MM,El-Khatib AS

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The local lymph node assay (LLNA) is a regular method for the detection of sensitizing chemicals in mice which measures the incorporation of tritiated thymidine in lymph node cells. We have evaluated an alternative to this method based on the interleukin-2 (IL-2) production of lymph node cells. At the mRNA level, no c...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Azam P,Peiffer JL,Ourlin JC,Bonnet PA,Tissier MH,Vian L,Fabre I

更新日期：2005-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The majority of insecticides currently in use throughout the world belong to the class of the organophosphorus insecticides. Many of these compounds, such as the phosphorothioate insecticides, exert their mammalian toxicity only after undergoing metabolic activation by a variety of cytochrome P450 isoforms to produce ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ramos S,Sultatos L

更新日期：1998-11-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Potassium dichromate was given to female Swiss mice (25 mg/kg per day) orally in water for 1-3 days. Brain homogenates were prepared to evaluate the occurrence of oxidative stress in this organ through the measurement of the antioxidant defense levels, and the extent of lipid peroxidation. In addition, mitochondrial f...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Travacio M,María Polo J,Llesuy S

更新日期：2000-09-07 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been suggested that the measurement of DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs) may be of value in the assessment of an individual's exposure to specific environmental insults. For a biomarker to be reliable, its results should be consistent and specific. In the present study, the precision and specificity of the K(+)-SD...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Olin KL,Cherr GN,Rifkin E,Keen CL

更新日期：1996-06-17 00:00:00

abstract：:A qualitative assessment of developmental toxicity within a series of 12 structurally related compounds, 11 of which were active dopamine mimetics and one was inactive, was conducted in rats treated orally by gavage during the major period of organogenesis. Doses were chosen where possible to be equipotent in terms of...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ridings JE,Baldwin JA

更新日期：1992-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：:As a new method, support vector machine (SVM) were applied for prediction of toxicity of different data sets compared with other two common methods, multiple linear regression (MLR) and RBFNN. Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) models based on calculated molecular descriptors have been clearly establ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Zhao CY,Zhang HX,Zhang XY,Liu MC,Hu ZD,Fan BT

更新日期：2006-01-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Following carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury, hepatotrophic factors are synthesized and released into the serum to facilitate the regeneration of damaged hepatic tissue. We investigated the possibility that immunosuppression could be mediated through induction of a serum factor(s) because in vivo exposure of B6...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Delaney B,Kaminski NE

更新日期：1993-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Consequences of exposure of rats for 2 days or less to O3 at various concentrations between 0.12 and 0.96 ppm were measured using several assays performed on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Changes in apparent lung permeability were assessed by measurement of recovery of labelled bovine serum albumin in lung lavage flui...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Guth DJ,Warren DL,Last JA

更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00