Evaluation of lethality estimates for combustion gases in military scenarios.

Abstract:

:To meet the military objective of determining criteria for incapacitation and lethality from toxic gas exposures, a series of small animal tests and data analyses were conducted. Carbon monoxide (CO), a narcotic gas and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), an irritant gas, along with carbon dioxide (CO2) were tested individually and in the following mixtures: (CO + CO2), (NO2 + CO2) and (NO2 + CO + CO2). A group of six animals was exposed to each of the gases and their combinations, lethality and biophysical data were collected. We conclude that our observations of lethality from single toxic gases can be correlated with a fractional effective dose (FED) description, in which external concentrations are corrected for minute volume changes. Multiple gas exposures clearly demonstrate synergistic effects because lethality rates greatly exceed those expected from statistically independent causes. Simple addition of the FED values, however, overstates the effect and implies a competition between the narcotic and irritant gas effects. The N-Gas model, while being an additive FED model, does not appear to be in a form that could guide the setting of military exposure standards.

journal_name

Toxicology

journal_title

Toxicology

authors

Smith SM,Stuhmiller JH,Januszkiewicz AJ

doi

10.1016/s0300-483x(96)03504-4

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1996-12-31 00:00:00

pages

157-65

issue

1-3

eissn

0300-483X

issn

1879-3185

pii

S0300-483X(96)03504-4

journal_volume

115

pub_type

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