Insights into a basis for incomplete inhibition by botulinum toxin A of Ca2+-evoked exocytosis from permeabilised chromaffin cells.

abstract：:A recent epidemiological study showed an increased risk for bone fractures after chronic low-level cadmium exposure. This finding agrees with those of cadmium accumulation in rat bones after chronic oral exposure which reduced the mechanical strength of the bones. There are indications that ossicular cadmium uptake ma...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hunder G,Javdani J,Elsenhans B,Schümann K

更新日期：2001-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The possible role of ionotropics glutamate receptors on the HgCl(2)-induced dopamine (DA) release from rat striatum was investigated by using in vivo brain microdialysis technique after administration of selective NMDA and AMPA/Kainate receptors antagonists dizocilpine (MK-801), D (-)-2-amino-5-phoshonopentanoic acid ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Vidal L,Durán R,Faro LF,Campos F,Cervantes RC,Alfonso M

更新日期：2007-09-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Fusarenon-X (FX), a trichothecene mycotoxin, is well known to be cytotoxic to mammalian cells. Our previous study revealed that FX induced apoptosis in mouse thymocytes both in vivo and in vitro. We investigated the mode of apoptosis induced by FX using HL-60 cell culture. When FX at a final concentration of 0.5 micro...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Miura K,Aminova L,Murayama Y

更新日期：2002-03-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Treatment of rats with beta-alanine increases the urinary taurine levels and markedly reduces the concentration of taurine in the liver. Dosing with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) during treatment with beta-alanine results in a marked decrease in urinary taurine concomitant with a decrease in food intake. Treatment of an...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Waterfield CJ,Turton JA,Scales MD,Timbrell JA

更新日期：1993-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：:In the present investigation the influence of gossypol on the male sex function and toxicology in the rat have been studied. Gossypol was injected daily for 5 weeks to adult male rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain with 1 or 10 mg/kg body wt. The low dose of gossypol (1 mg/kg body wt.) did not have any effect on the fol...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gåfvels M,Wang J,Bergh A,Damber JE,Selstam G

更新日期：1984-09-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Glutathione (GSH) plays an important role in the metabolism of arsenite and arsenate by generating arsenic-glutathione complexes. Although dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)) is the major metabolite of inorganic arsenicals (iAs) in urine, it is not clear how DMA(V) is produced from iAs. In the present study we report that S...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hirano S,Kobayashi Y

更新日期：2006-10-03 00:00:00

abstract：:A single oral administration of O, O, S-trimethyl phosphorothioate (OOS-Me), an impurity in widely used organophosphorus insecticides, causes delayed toxicity (delayed death) which is accompanied by morphological changes in the bronchiolar epithelium of rat lungs. A series of simple O,O-dimethyl and O,O-diethyl S-alky...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gandy J,Ali FA,Hasegawa L,Imamura T

更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the past decade, several assessments have estimated the carcinogenic risk of inhaled 1,3-butadiene (BD) to the general population as well as for occupational exposures. Although most of the risk assessments have been based on inhalation bioassays in mice, some of the assessments have included the 2-year inhalat...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Cagen SZ,MacDonald RL,Van Gelder G

更新日期：1996-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Atrazine (ATZ) is used throughout North America to control annual broadleaf weeds and grasses in various crops including; corn, sorghum, and sugar cane. Unfortunately, contamination of surface and ground water has occurred as a result of ATZ's chemical and physical properties, and its widespread use throughout the U.S...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Karrow NA,McCay JA,Brown RD,Musgrove DL,Guo TL,Germolec DR,White KL Jr

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Myopathy is among the well documented and the most disturbing adverse effects of statins. The underlying mechanism is still unknown. Mitochondrial dysfunction related to coenzyme Q10 decline is one of the proposed theories. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism of atorvastatin-induced myopathy in rats. ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： El-Ganainy SO,El-Mallah A,Abdallah D,Khattab MM,Mohy El-Din MM,El-Khatib AS

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recently, a large-scale field study in The Netherlands has focused on the effects of estrogenic contaminants on feral fish populations. The freshwater bream (Abramis brama) and the estuarine flounder (Platichthys flesus) were sampled at a large number of locations in the spring and autumn of 1999. Concentrations of th...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Vethaak AD,Lahr J,Kuiper RV,Grinwis GC,Rankouhi TR,Giesy JP,Gerritsen A

更新日期：2002-12-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Lead-exposed mice were found to show a significantly increased frequency of acrosome-reacted spermatozoa. The number of spermatozoa bound to the zona pellucida of denuded mouse eggs was also significant increased, probably as a result of an acceleration of the processes involved in the capacitation of the spermatozoa ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Johansson L

更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have investigated in the current study, the possible modulatory effects of dexamethasone on cisplatin cytotoxicity in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)-bearing female Swiss albino mice. Cisplatin (3.5mg/kg) was injected IP for 3 consecutive days in mice previously inoculated SC with EAC cells in the right flank. Dexa...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Arafa HM,Abdel-Hamid MA,El-Khouly AA,Elmazar MM,Osman AM

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The neurotoxic effect on the central and peripheral nervous system of dichlorvos (DDVP) was investigated by a computer system in acute and subchronic experiments in CFY male rats. The administered peroral doses were given by gavage; the acute group was given a single 88 mg/kg dose and the 2 subchronic groups were give...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Dési I,Nagymajtényi L

更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Heavy metal neurotoxicity is one of the major challenges in today's era due to the large scale and widespread mechanisation of the production. However, the causative factors responsible for neurotoxicity are neither known nor do we have the availability of therapeutic approaches to deal with it. One of the major causa...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Namgyal D,Ali S,Mehta R,Sarwat M

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, cypermethrin, was given during gestation to pregnant rats by gavage in corn oil. Peripheral blood and spleen cytotoxic activity of dams and their offspring were then evaluated at different times (30, 60, 90, 120 days) after birth. Pups showed a significant increase in peripheral b...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Santoni G,Cantalamessa F,Mazzucca L,Romagnoli S,Piccoli M

更新日期：1997-07-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Toluene is a widely abused inhaled solvent. This study was designed to determine whether toluene abuse affects the reproductive functions or general health of males. Seven-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to toluene vapor inhalation (0, 4000, or 6000 ppm; 2 h/day) daily for 5 weeks. Exposure-related supp...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ono A,Kawashima K,Sekita K,Hirose A,Ogawa Y,Saito M,Naito K,Yasuhara K,Kaneko T,Furuya T,Inoue T,Kurokawa Y

更新日期：1999-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:It is generally believed that estrogen receptor-dependent and -independent pathways are involved in mediating the developmental effects of the synthetic estrogen, diethylstilbestrol (DES). However, the precise role and extent to which each pathway contributes to the resulting pathologies remains unknown. We have emplo...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Couse JF,Korach KS

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have shown that magnesium, unlike calcium, prevents cadmium carcinogenesis at the subcutaneous injection site, and that neither magnesium nor calcium has any significant influence on the production of testicular tumors by cadmium in rats. The present investigation attempts to disclose the nature of th...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kasprzak KS,Poirier LA

更新日期：1985-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of lindane on alpha-aminoisobutyric acid and uridine uptake were studied in the rat line C-6 of glial origin. Different levels of modifications could be distinguished by use of 2 modes of investigation. One study, carried out within minutes of contact with lindane, has shown that the inhibition of alpha-am...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Roux F,Treich I,Fournier E

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The objective of this study was to establish a hypospadiac rat model by maternal exposure to di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and to evaluate the developmental abnormalities of hypospadiac male rats. Timed-pregnant rats were given DBP by gastric intubation at doses of 0, 250, 500, 750 or 1000 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day from...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Jiang J,Ma L,Yuan L,Wang X,Zhang W

更新日期：2007-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Effects of methylmercury on the cell growth of mouse glioma in vitro were studied in relation to the microtubules as a possible target. The electron microscopic observation revealed that methylmercury added in culture medium specifically attacked microtubules in the cells at growth inhibitory concentration, while merc...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Imura N,Miura K,Inokawa M,Nakada S

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:1-Bromopropane (1-BP) intoxication is associated with depression and cognitive and memory deficits. The present study tested the hypothesis that 1-BP suppresses neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, which is involved in higher cerebral function, in adult rats. METHODS:Four groups of 12 male Wistar rats were expos...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Zhang L,Nagai T,Yamada K,Ibi D,Ichihara S,Subramanian K,Huang Z,Mohideen SS,Naito H,Ichihara G

更新日期：2013-02-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Carbendazim (MBC), the bioactive metabolite of the fungicide benomyl, has been reported to induce a number of testicular alterations in male rats. Since it is possible that extragonadal changes contribute to the appearance of such effects, the present study focused on the presence of concurrent endocrine changes in th...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Goldman JM,Rehnberg GL,Cooper RL,Gray LE Jr,Hein JF,McElroy WK

更新日期：1989-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBH) on the nucleotide level in isolated cardiomyocytes from adult rats was examined. Incubation of myocytes with the hydroperoxide resulted in loss of both ATP and NAD from mitochondria and cytosol. In contrast, only the cytosolic level of NADP was increased. The effect on myoc...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Andersson BS,Vidal RF,Sundberg M,Rajs J,Sótonyi P

更新日期：1996-01-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Cadmium being a potent immunotoxicant, affects both humoral and cell mediated immunity. However, its effect on spleen is not clearly understood. Hence, to delineate the action of Cd, mouse splenic lymphocytes were exposed to Cd (10, 25 and 50 microM) for 60 min, 1.5, 3, 6 and 18 h. At 6 h, apoptosis was reflected by D...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Pathak N,Khandelwal S

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recently, chimeric mice with humanized liver were established by transplanting human hepatocytes into an urokinase-type plasminogen activator(+/+)/severe combined immunodeficient transgenic mouse line. The replacement with human hepatocytes is more than 80-90% and is higher than any other chimeric mouse reported previ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Katoh M,Tateno C,Yoshizato K,Yokoi T

更新日期：2008-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：:National and international law is an essential component of the array of measures serving to protect against the hostile release of biological or chemical agents, and to help to mitigate the consequences should such a release nevertheless take place. These includes the Geneva Protocol of 1925, the Chemical Weapons Con...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kenyon IR,Gutschmidt K,Cosivi O

更新日期：2005-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp) is an efflux transporter that participates in the biliary and renal excretion of drugs and environmental chemicals. Recent evidence suggests that pharmacological activation of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARα) can up-regulate the hepatic expression...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Eldasher LM,Wen X,Little MS,Bircsak KM,Yacovino LL,Aleksunes LM

更新日期：2013-04-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is a common drinking water disinfection byproduct that produces a spectrum of liver effects, including hepatomegaly and liver tumors, in mice. It is also an oxidative metabolite of trichloroethylene (TCE), a solvent used in degreasing with widespread environmental exposure, which also produc...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Chiu WA

更新日期：2011-07-29 00:00:00