Effect of dietary antioxidants on benzo[a]pyrene metabolism in rat liver microsomes.

abstract：:The Salmonella mutagenicity assay was utilized to compare hepatic S9 fractions derived from wild and laboratory reared woodchucks (Marmota monax). Two promutagens, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracence (DMBA) and 2-amino-fluorene (AF) were tested at 5 concentrations with the tester strains TA98 and TA100, against 2 levels o...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Rashid KA,Babish JG,Mumma RO

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Presently, many consumer products contain nano-sized materials (NMs) to improve material properties, product quality and ease of use. NMs in food additives and in cosmetic articles (e.g., tooth paste) may be taken up by the oral route. As adverse effects of environmental nanoparticles, like ultrafine particles, have b...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Fröhlich E,Roblegg E

更新日期：2012-01-27 00:00:00

abstract：:A single high dose, 75 mg/kg, of clotrimazole (CloTZ) was administered intragastrically (i.g.) to adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Hepatic CloTZ concentrations were determined in organic extracts of whole liver homogenate, by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The peak liver CloTZ concentration was found at...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Pappas JB,Franklin MR

更新日期：1993-06-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure of rats to 0.1 and 0.5 mg Cd/kg subcutaneously (s.c.) thrice weekly for 5 weeks resulted in an accumulation of cadmium in the liver in concentrations of 40 and 95 micrograms/g tissue, respectively, and a microsomal burden of Cd amounting to approx. 2-3% of the retained cadmium. The cytoplasm contained about 8...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Klimczak J,Wiśniewska-Knypl JM,Kolakowski J

更新日期：1984-09-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular process during which epithelial polarized cells become motile mesenchymal-appearing cells, which in turn promotes carcinoma invasion and metastasis. Resveratrol (trans-3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene) is a natural polyphenolic compound found in grapes, red wine and se...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Wang H,Zhang H,Tang L,Chen H,Wu C,Zhao M,Yang Y,Chen X,Liu G

更新日期：2013-01-07 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Carbamates physostigmine and pyridostigmine have been used as a pretreatment against poisoning with nerve agents in order to reversibly inhibit and thus protect from irreversible inhibition a portion of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in brain and respiratory muscles that is crucial for survival. Memantine, an a...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Stojiljković MP,Škrbić R,Jokanović M,Bokonjić D,Kilibarda V,Vulović M

更新日期：2019-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We have investigated in the current study, the possible modulatory effects of dexamethasone on cisplatin cytotoxicity in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)-bearing female Swiss albino mice. Cisplatin (3.5mg/kg) was injected IP for 3 consecutive days in mice previously inoculated SC with EAC cells in the right flank. Dexa...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Arafa HM,Abdel-Hamid MA,El-Khouly AA,Elmazar MM,Osman AM

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thiols are known to influence the metabolism of glutathione. In a previous study (Toxicology 156 (2001) 93) dithiothreitol (DTT) did not show any effect on intra- or extracellular glutathione concentrations in HeLa cell cultures but increased the effects of mercury ions on glutathione concentrations, whereas monothiol...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hultberg B,Andersson A,Isaksson A

更新日期：2002-06-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Multidrug resistance type 1 P-glycoproteins (P-gp) and multidrug resistance associated proteins (MRP) were studied in differentiated primary human lung cells in culture, in comparison with permanent human lung cell lines and primary alveolar type II cells from rat lung. AII cells exhibited low basal levels of mdr1b mR...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Lehmann T,Köhler C,Weidauer E,Taege C,Foth H

更新日期：2001-10-05 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate whether sensitivity to the induction of micronuclei by acetaldehyde is associated with genetic polymorphisms of the aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) gene, cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assays were performed on peripheral lymphocytes from 47 healthy human subjects exposed to acetaldehyde in vitro...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kim JS,Kim YJ,Kim TY,Song JY,Cho YH,Park YC,Chung HW

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bromate (BrO3-) is a rodent carcinogen that is formed as a drinking water ozone disinfection by-product and also used in some food and consumer products. Therefore, bromate is subject to assessment for its risk to humans. Because the selection of an appropriate model for conducting quantitative cancer risk assessment ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Moore MM,Chen T

更新日期：2006-04-17 00:00:00

abstract：:In the present investigation the influence of gossypol on the male sex function and toxicology in the rat have been studied. Gossypol was injected daily for 5 weeks to adult male rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain with 1 or 10 mg/kg body wt. The low dose of gossypol (1 mg/kg body wt.) did not have any effect on the fol...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gåfvels M,Wang J,Bergh A,Damber JE,Selstam G

更新日期：1984-09-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Palmitoylpentachlorophenol (PPCP), which is a lipid conjugate of a xenobiotic compound, has been found in human fat. To study the toxicity associated with PPCP, rats were given 100 mg/kg PPCP and sacrificed at 4, 8 and 12 days. The target organ identified was the exocrine pancreas; no other major organs examined showe...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ansari GA,Kaphalia BS,Boor PJ

更新日期：1987-10-12 00:00:00

abstract：:T-2 toxin belongs to a group of mycotoxins synthesized by Fusarium fungi that are widely encountered as natural contaminants in cereals. Human lymphoid cell lines of T (MOLT-4) or B (IM-9) lineage were used to characterize the cytotoxic effects mediated by T-2 at different concentrations (0.1 pg/ml to 1 microg/ml). Af...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Minervini F,Fornelli F,Lucivero G,Romano C,Visconti A

更新日期：2005-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The neurotoxic effect on the central and peripheral nervous system of dichlorvos (DDVP) was investigated by a computer system in acute and subchronic experiments in CFY male rats. The administered peroral doses were given by gavage; the acute group was given a single 88 mg/kg dose and the 2 subchronic groups were give...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Dési I,Nagymajtényi L

更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Twenty adult ewes underwent common surgery and following recovery were exposed to 1% carbon monoxide (CO) for 2 h. Ten of these sheep were randomly selected for treatment with haem oxygenase (HO) and nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) blockers. All sheep were killed 5 days later. The CO exposure was narcotic and EEG freque...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gorman D,Lin HY,Williams C

更新日期：2005-05-05 00:00:00

abstract：:In an attempt to assess the effect of ethanol on cadmium accumulation, metallothionein (MT) synthesis, Cd-binding capacity and lipid peroxidation, rats were administered either Cd, ethanol or their combination for a period of 4 weeks. A significant increase in Cd accumulation was observed in all the organs of rats und...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Sharma G,Nath R,Gill KD

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present research examines the effects of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) on mouse primary calvarial osteoblasts (COBs). Incubation of the cells with 4-NP at 10(-5)M and 10(-6)M striking decreased osteoblasts viability and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, measured by Annexin V, was greatly enhanced. In addition, an up-regula...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Sabbieti MG,Agas D,Palermo F,Mosconi G,Santoni G,Amantini C,Farfariello V,Marchetti L

更新日期：2011-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Clarifying the participation of oxidative stress among possible contributing factors in potassium bromate (KBrO(3))-induced carcinogenesis is of importance from the perspective of human health protection. In the present study, utilizing the antioxidative effects of alpha-tocopherol (alpha-TP) or sodium ascorbic acid (...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Umemura T,Tasaki M,Kijima A,Okamura T,Inoue T,Ishii Y,Suzuki Y,Masui N,Nohmi T,Nishikawa A

更新日期：2009-03-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) including benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) are environmental pollutants, which undergo metabolic activation to exert their carcinogenic effects. Our earlier studies showed that naturally occurring plant phenols, protocatechuic, chlorogenic, tannic...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Szaefer H,Krajka-Kuźniak V,Baer-Dubowska W

更新日期：2008-09-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of accurate and sensitive methods for the measurement of cytokines in body fluids is an absolute prerequisite for the proper use of these mediators in clinical practice. Many factors contribute to the complexity of cytokines quantitation: these molecules circulate at very low levels (e.g. pg/ml) under various ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Bienvenu JA,Monneret G,Gutowski MC,Fabien N

更新日期：1998-08-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The 24-h and 72-h incorporation of 59Fe into circulating erythrocytes in mice were strongly inhibited by a single subcutaneous dose of T-2 toxin given 1 h before the radioisotope. The system is extremely sensitive, since a significant effect was detected with T-2 toxin doses as low as 0.30 mg/kg, which is about one-te...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Faifer GC,Godoy HM

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review concerns some of the cell culture systems that are most frequently used in toxicology investigations. In particular, it sets out to evaluate the effectiveness of these cell culture systems in assessing the toxic potential of chemicals. Metabolic studies and general and specific toxicology investigations ar...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Stammati AP,Silano V,Zucco F

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In living organisms both chemical agents and physical factors [16] may produce neurophysiological change that affects EEG activity. EEG signals are very suitable for non-invasive measurement of CNS reactions, but quite complicated equipment is necessary for measurement and analysis. We have implemented a system that p...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kubát J,Formánek J,Fuchs A,Rehák P,Zajícek P,Dvorák J,Vanícková M

更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Little is known about the potential toxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) on hepatic and renal tissues. In this study, we investigated the modifications in endogenous antioxidant capacity and oxidative damage in liver and kidney of rats by exposure to one of the most persistent PBDE congeners, the 2,2',4,...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Albina ML,Alonso V,Linares V,Bellés M,Sirvent JJ,Domingo JL,Sánchez DJ

更新日期：2010-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were screened for their ability to be directly cytotoxic to a cell line from the rainbow trout gill, RTgill-W1. Exposure times of 2 h or less were sufficient for direct cytotoxicity to be detected, which appeared to be caused by a common mechanism, the general perturbati...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Schirmer K,Dixon DG,Greenberg BM,Bols NC

更新日期：1998-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunotoxicology originated in the early 1970s, when scientists began investigating chemicals. During the 1970s and early 1980s, a few investigators determined that chemicals were immunotoxic, developed and/or refined immunoassays, and began to characterize immunotoxic responses. In the 1980s, many new investigators e...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Koller LD

更新日期：2001-03-07 00:00:00

abstract：:To establish a paraquat-resistant Wistar rat strain, we carried out continuous sister-brother mating among rats that survived high-dose intraperitoneal administration of paraquat dichloride (360 mg/kg). The percentages of paraquat-resistant rats among wild rats and among the fifth-generations were 7.1% and 20.6%, resp...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Nakajima M,Nagao M,Iwasa M,Monma-Ohtaki J,Maeno Y,Koyama H,Seko-Nakamura Y,Isobe I,Takatori T

更新日期：2000-11-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Chlorpyrifos (CPF) has been widely used around the world as a pesticide for both agricultural and residential application. Although various studies have reported toxicity and health-related effects from CPF exposure, the molecular mechanism of CPF toxicity to skin has not been well-characterized. The present study det...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Jang Y,Lee AY,Jeong SH,Park KH,Paik MK,Cho NJ,Kim JE,Cho MH

更新日期：2015-12-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The objective of this study was to compare the disposition and metabolism of [14C]1,2-dichloropropane [( 14C]DCP) following oral and inhalation exposure since these two routes are of interest with regards to occupational and accidental exposure. [14C]DCP was administered orally to groups of four rats of each sex as a ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Timchalk C,Dryzga MD,Smith FA,Bartels MJ

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00