Abstract:
:This review concerns some of the cell culture systems that are most frequently used in toxicology investigations. In particular, it sets out to evaluate the effectiveness of these cell culture systems in assessing the toxic potential of chemicals. Metabolic studies and general and specific toxicology investigations are highlighted. Specific toxicology investigations relate to the effects of the tests substances on the highly specialized functions typical of the cell systems chosen. The general toxicology investigations include most of the other studies where differentiated or undifferentiated cells have been used to evaluate the effects of the tested substances on common basic biochemical processes essential for life. Lastly, we have attempted to focus attention on the most promising applications of cell cultures in toxicology studies for the near future and to identify those areas where further research is needed. Because of the several excellent reviews that already exist, we have decided not to consider cell cultures utilized in screening potential mutagens and carcinogens. We have also excluded investigations of drug therapeutic effects and action mechanisms of drugs.
journal_name
Toxicologyjournal_title
Toxicologyauthors
Stammati AP,Silano V,Zucco Fdoi
10.1016/0300-483x(81)90046-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1981-01-01 00:00:00pages
91-153issue
2-3eissn
0300-483Xissn
1879-3185pii
0300-483X(81)90046-9journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
TOXICOLOGY文献大全abstract::Gulf War Illness (GWI) affects 25% of veterans from the 1990-1991 Gulf War (GW) and is accompanied by damage to the brain regions involved in memory processing. After twenty-five years, the chronic pathobiology of GWI is still unexplained. To address this problem, we examined the long-term consequences of GW exposures...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2016.10.012
更新日期:2016-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::Natural antioxidants like catechin are now known to have a modulatory role on physiological functions and biotransformation reactions involved in the detoxification process, thereby affording protection from toxic metabolic actions of xenobiotics. Reactive oxygen intermediates have been demonstrated to play an etiolog...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2006.05.009
更新日期:2006-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of lindane on alpha-aminoisobutyric acid and uridine uptake were studied in the rat line C-6 of glial origin. Different levels of modifications could be distinguished by use of 2 modes of investigation. One study, carried out within minutes of contact with lindane, has shown that the inhibition of alpha-am...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(80)90103-1
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Crosstalk between epithelial and stromal cells drives the morphogenesis of ectodermal organs during development and promotes normal mature adult epithelial tissue homeostasis. Epithelial-stromal interactions (ESIs) have historically been examined using mammalian models and ex vivo tissue recombination. Although these ...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2017.03.007
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have shown that magnesium, unlike calcium, prevents cadmium carcinogenesis at the subcutaneous injection site, and that neither magnesium nor calcium has any significant influence on the production of testicular tumors by cadmium in rats. The present investigation attempts to disclose the nature of th...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(85)90173-8
更新日期:1985-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::(1) Following the administration of the highly toxic agent 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) to pregnant mice, exceedingly low concentrations of this substance were found in the embryo and fetus between gestational days 11 and 18 (between 0.04 and 0.14% of the maternal dose/g tissue). (2) Tissue levels of tCD...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(81)90037-8
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The measurement of haemoglobin (Hb) adducts is an important tool for monitoring exposures to industrial chemicals such as ethylene, ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. The aim of the present study was to use this method to monitor occupational exposure to butadiene. The methodology was evaluated with Hb samples obtain...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(96)03435-x
更新日期:1996-10-28 00:00:00
abstract::A single high dose, 75 mg/kg, of clotrimazole (CloTZ) was administered intragastrically (i.g.) to adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Hepatic CloTZ concentrations were determined in organic extracts of whole liver homogenate, by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The peak liver CloTZ concentration was found at...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(93)90074-3
更新日期:1993-06-04 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary function and inflammation in the lungs of rodents exposed by inhalation to carbon/graphite/epoxy advanced composite material (ACM) combustion products were compared to that of a rodent model of acute lung injury (ALI) produced by pneumotoxic paraquat dichloride. This investigation was undertaken to determine...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(02)00542-5
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats were treated with a single dose of thallium acetate (32 mg/kg i.p.) and the antidotal effect of D-penicillamine and prussian blue given alone or in combination was assessed by means of evaluation of the thallium-induced cerebellar histological lesions. After thallium poisoning (24 h), antidotes were administered ...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(94)90129-5
更新日期:1994-03-25 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of the insertion of a liver into the perfusion circuit of a lung on the availability of benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene metabolites to the lung was examined. Perfused lungs from 5,6-benzoflavone pretreated rats release high quantities of free benzo[a]pyrene metabolites and conjugates into the perfusion...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(87)90100-4
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::LoVo adenocarcinoma cells are fairly sensitive to cytostatic drugs, e.g. doxorubicin, but can develop drug resistance by expression of a P-glycoprotein-mediated MDR1 phenotype. LoVo cells respond with apoptosis to nanomolar concentrations of okadaic acid and micromolar concentrations of cantharidic acid. Interestingly...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(99)00017-7
更新日期:1999-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Osteoblasts dysfunction, induced by aluminum (Al), plays a critical role in the osteoporosis etiology. Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) has the therapeutic properties for osteoporosis. This study aimed to assess the efficiency of Rb1 in ameliorating Al-induced osteoblasts dysfunction. The osteoblasts were divided into four group...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2016.07.014
更新日期:2016-08-10 00:00:00
abstract::The possibility that Cd administration could activate the pituitary-adrenal axis has been studied. It was found that acute administration of Cd strongly increased serum corticosterone levels. Adrenocortical activation correlated well with serum Cd levels, suggesting that adrenal activation was dependent on the presenc...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(87)90119-3
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were screened for their ability to be directly cytotoxic to a cell line from the rainbow trout gill, RTgill-W1. Exposure times of 2 h or less were sufficient for direct cytotoxicity to be detected, which appeared to be caused by a common mechanism, the general perturbati...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(98)00030-4
更新日期:1998-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Rats poisoned with one LD50 of thiopental or amytal are shown to increase oxygen consumption when intraperitoneally given sucinate, malate, citrate, alpha-ketoglutarate, dimethylsuccinate or glutamate (the Krebs cycle intermediates or their precursors) but not when given glucose, pyruvate, acetate, benzoate or nicotin...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2004.05.005
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bisphenol A (BPA), one of the most prevalent chemicals for daily use, has been reported as a xenoestrogen to induce reproductive toxicity, but its mechanism is poorly understood. In the present study, we aimed to explore whether CaM-CaMKII-ERK1/2 signaling pathway was involved in BPA-induced Sertoli cells injury via t...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2014.06.001
更新日期:2014-10-03 00:00:00
abstract::The use of zinc as a nutritional supplement has become common in many countries. Since zinc has diverse actions, it may be difficult to predict its synergistic and/or antagonistic action in simultaneous presence of drug(s). The combination of imidazole antifungals, but not triazole antifungals, with 3-30 microM ZnCl2 ...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2008.03.022
更新日期:2008-06-27 00:00:00
abstract::Valproic acid (VPA) and the unsaturated metabolites, 2-ene VPA and (E)-2,(Z)-3'-diene VPA, demonstrated dose-dependent cytotoxicity in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes, as evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage. Cellular glutathione (GSH) was depleted by adding buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) to the culture ...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(96)03352-5
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bromofenofos (BF) was administered by gavage once to non-pregnant and pregnant rats at 50 mg/kg and the plasma concentration-time curves of BF and its metabolite dephosphate bromofenofos (DBF) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. DBF reached a peak at 9 h, with 113.4 +/- 5.2 micrograms/ml, follow...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(89)90019-x
更新日期:1989-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Female mice were given nutrient-sufficient, purified diets containing cadmium at either 0.25, 5, or 50 ppm, as described in the accompanying publication. One-half of the females were bred for 6 consecutive 42-day rounds of pregnancy/lactation (PL mice); remaining females were non-pregnant controls (NP mice). PL mice a...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(88)90092-3
更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neurotoxicity and developmental effects of a widely applied insecticide (methomyl) was investigated by a multi-level approach (behavior and biometry, biochemical alterations and neurodegeneration) in Caenorhabditis elegans upon a short-term exposure (1 h) and a post-exposure period (48 h). The 1-h exposure to sub-...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2021.152684
更新日期:2021-01-25 00:00:00
abstract::The action of various manganese organic compounds, which are structural analogs of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT), was investigated. Only the cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl compounds are effective inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration, but only when associated with NAD+-linked substrates....
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(77)90001-4
更新日期:1977-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Both catecholamine (CA) released from adrenal chromaffin cells and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) have been shown to play critical roles in the regulation of hypoxic stress response. Our previous study has demonstrated that exogenous H2S directly induced quantal CA released from adult rat adrenal chromaffin cells (ARACCs) by ...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2013.06.014
更新日期:2013-10-04 00:00:00
abstract::The therapy of organophosphorus compound (OP) poisoning is still a challenge to clinical toxicologists. To alleviate peripheral respiratory failure oximes, e.g. obidoxime and pralidoxime, are used to reactivate inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with the intention to restore the disturbed neuromuscular function. In...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2010.04.002
更新日期:2010-06-04 00:00:00
abstract::Human liver microsomes, supersomes from baculovirus-transformed insect cells expressing different human CYP450 isoforms, and control and CYP3A4 cDNA-transfected V79 Chinese hamster cells were tested for their ability to metabolize territrem B (TRB) and territrem C (TRC). Two TRB metabolites, designated MB(2) and MB(4)...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2005.10.010
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Young adult male and female Wistar rats were inhalationally exposed head-only for 1 or 4 h to different anticholinesterase aerosols. The compounds tested were dichlorvos, fenamiphos, methamidophos, parathion, a pyrimidine thiophosphate and the carbamate propoxur. These compounds are direct or indirect inhibitors of ch...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(87)90126-0
更新日期:1987-10-30 00:00:00
abstract::High doses of cephaloridine produce necrosis of renal proximal tubular cells and this nephrotoxicity has been shown to be reduced by piperonyl butoxide (a mixed-function oxidase inhibitor) in rats and rabbits, and potentiated by phenobarbital (a mixed-function oxidase inducer) in rabbits but not rats. Phenobarbital is...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(82)90011-7
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Isolated perfused rat kidneys were used to determine the contribution of filtration and tubular transport of cisplatin to its nephrotoxicity. Perfusion of kidneys with 0.5 mM cisplatin concomitantly reduced tubular reabsorption of electrolytes and glomerular filtration rate in a time-dependent manner. These renal func...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(87)90145-4
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are reports of alterations in the number and functions of the cells of the immune system in patients with metal-on-metal (MOM) orthopaedic implants. These effects have been correlated with elevated chromium levels in the patients' blood. We have investigated the interactions of clinically relevant concentrations...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2007.04.002
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00