Muscle force and acetylcholinesterase activity in mouse hemidiaphragms exposed to paraoxon and treated by oximes in vitro.

abstract：:The objective of this study was to establish a hypospadiac rat model by maternal exposure to di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and to evaluate the developmental abnormalities of hypospadiac male rats. Timed-pregnant rats were given DBP by gastric intubation at doses of 0, 250, 500, 750 or 1000 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day from...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Jiang J,Ma L,Yuan L,Wang X,Zhang W

更新日期：2007-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutagenicity analysis of urine from rats treated by oral gavage with MX at a dose of 64 mg/kg for 14 days revealed that only 0.3% of the administered compound was excreted in a genotoxically active form. At lower doses, mutagenicity was not detectable. No evidence of micronucleus induction in peripheral blood erythroc...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Meier JR,Monarca S,Patterson KS,Villarini M,Daniel FB,Moretti M,Pasquini R

更新日期：1996-06-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanism of delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (delta-ALA-D) inhibition by phenyl selenoacetylene in vitro was investigated in this study. Phenyl selenoacetylene (40-400 microM) inhibition of delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase from rat liver (low speed supernatant fraction, S1 fraction) was partially prevented by i...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Folmer V,Bolzan RC,Farina M,Zeni G,Nogueira CW,Emanuelli T,Rocha JB

更新日期：2005-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute and subchronic toxicities of VRCTC-310, a combination product of crotoxin (CT) and cardiotoxin (CD), which has shown antitumor activity in vivo, have been studied in Beagle dogs. Single i.m. doses of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg resulted in dose-dependent local muscular toxicity consisting of myofiber atrophy, inters...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： DeTolla LJ,Stump KC,Russell R,Viskatis LJ,Vidal JG,Newman RA,Etcheverry MA

更新日期：1995-05-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of thimerosal, an organomercurial preservative in vaccines, on cerebellar neurons dissociated from 2-week-old rats was compared with those of methylmercury using a flow cytometer with appropriate fluorescent dyes. Thimerosal and methylmercury at concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 10 microM increased the int...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ueha-Ishibashi T,Oyama Y,Nakao H,Umebayashi C,Nishizaki Y,Tatsuishi T,Iwase K,Murao K,Seo H

更新日期：2004-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The 24-h and 72-h incorporation of 59Fe into circulating erythrocytes in mice were strongly inhibited by a single subcutaneous dose of T-2 toxin given 1 h before the radioisotope. The system is extremely sensitive, since a significant effect was detected with T-2 toxin doses as low as 0.30 mg/kg, which is about one-te...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Faifer GC,Godoy HM

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cardiac fibrosis is characterized by net accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the cardiac interstitium, and contributes to both systolic and diastolic dysfunction in many cardiac pathophysiologic conditions. More specifically, cardiac fibroblasts are activated by a variety of pathological stimuli, th...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Tao H,Yang JJ,Shi KH,Deng ZY,Li J

更新日期：2014-09-02 00:00:00

abstract：:A number of studies reported that the MTS in vitro cytotoxicity assay is a convenient method for assessing cell viability. The main features found with this assay are its ease of use, accuracy and rapid indication of toxicity. It might well be a useful tool in human health risk assessment if it can be shown that this ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Malich G,Markovic B,Winder C

更新日期：1997-12-31 00:00:00

abstract：:The present work includes a study on the glycosaminoglycanuric condition induced by adriamycin (ADR, a chemotherapeutic agent) and the accompanying secondary hyperlipidemia, wherein the treatment with a low-molecular-weight heparin-derivative (LMWH), certoparin, is evaluated for its protective role (if any) on these p...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Deepa PR,Varalakshmi P

更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lead exposure causes cognitive and behavioral deficits in some children. We have proposed that the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the human pseudodeficient arylsulfatase A (ARSA) gene that result in reduced levels of the enzyme, and lead concentrations that decrease ARSA activity, culminate in cel...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Chen XG,Poretz RD

更新日期：2001-06-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of poisons information centers has in general complied with the actual needs and conditions in the society, and a pragmatic approach and limited funds have been characteristic for these units. To operate in a satisfying way a poisons information center is dependent on two cornerstones-a well educated a...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Persson H,Tempowski J

更新日期：2004-05-20 00:00:00

abstract：:An increasing body of data has been demonstrating that mammalian cells have elaborate networks of molecular signalling in counteracting heat shock and in developing adaptation to oxidative stress to avoid cell death. However, the precise mechanisms linking heat shock, oxidative stress and cell survival/cell death mech...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Santos-Marques MJ,Carvalho F,Sousa C,Remião F,Vitorino R,Amado F,Ferreira R,Duarte JA,de Lourdes Bastos M

更新日期：2006-07-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The study of hepatic fibrosis, or scarring in response to chronic liver injury, has witnessed tremendous progress in the past two decades. Clarification of the cellular sources of scar, and emergence of hepatic stellate cells not only as a fibrogenic cell type, but also as a critical immunomodulatory and homeostatic r...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Friedman SL

更新日期：2008-12-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of zinc (Zn) on the immunomodulatory properties of cadmium (Cd) was investigated in male Wistar rats. Animals were orally exposed to Cd and or Zn, by stomach tubing for 7 weeks. Response of splenocytes to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A), was significantly increased by Zn. When exposed in...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Chopra RK,Sehgal S,Nath R

更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Internet = s global reach offers new powerful tools to professionals in Occupational and Environmental Health (OEH). The World Wide Web includes extensive free and commercially available reference materials on toxicology, regulatory issues, environmental epidemiology and prevention programs. Much of this especiall...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Greenberg GN

更新日期：2002-04-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Pregnant CD-1 mice were administered a commercial 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) formulation on days 6-16 days of gestation, in drinking water at concentrations ranging from 0 to 1.0% of the formulated product, equivalent to approximately 0-650 mg/kg per day expressed as the amine derivative. The effect of 2,4...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Lee K,Johnson VL,Blakley BR

更新日期：2001-08-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Bisphenol A has been shown to affect the reproduction of male rats and mice. However, the mechanism of action of bisphenol A on the epididymal sperm is not elucidated. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of bisphenol A on the antioxidant system of rat epididymal sperm. Bisphenol A was administered ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Chitra KC,Latchoumycandane C,Mathur PP

更新日期：2003-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：:We have determined that the addition of 3-phenylamino-L-alanine (PAA), a recently reported contaminant in L-tryptophan implicated in the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome, affects tryptophan binding by utilizing an in vitro measurement of 3H-tryptophan binding to hepatic nuclei or nuclear envelopes. PAA (10(-10) to 10(-4)...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Sidransky H,Verney E,Cosgrove JW,Latham PS

更新日期：1994-01-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Crosstalk between epithelial and stromal cells drives the morphogenesis of ectodermal organs during development and promotes normal mature adult epithelial tissue homeostasis. Epithelial-stromal interactions (ESIs) have historically been examined using mammalian models and ex vivo tissue recombination. Although these ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Belair DG,Abbott BD

更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Organophosphates and pyrethroids are among the most common pesticides currently in use worldwide. Several pesticides have been reported to possess hormonal activities, and thus are classified as endocrine disruptors. The present study was planned to evaluate potential androgenic and antiandrogenic activities of the pe...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Xu LC,Liu L,Ren XM,Zhang MR,Cong N,Xu AQ,Shao JH

更新日期：2008-01-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of 6 weekly injections of ochratoxin A (5 mg/kg) and citrinin (20 mg/kg) on the following hematological indices of mice was studied: erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hematocrit percentage, mean corpuscular values, red cell indices, platelet count, total count of bone marrow cells, differential count of bone ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gupta M,Sasmal D,Bandyopadhyay S,Bagchi G,Chatterjee T,Dey S

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although NO2-induced cytotoxic responses have been well characterized, the specific mechanisms responsible for initiating toxicity remain equivocal. The inhomogeneous distribution of epithelial injury suggests that differential interactions between NO2 and the lung surfaces may contribute to the extent of regional res...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Postlethwait EM,Bidani A

更新日期：1994-05-20 00:00:00

abstract：:L-695,256 is a novel 2-fluorenonyl carbapenem antibiotic with significant antimicrobial activity against strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococci. This prototype compound was administered intravenously to rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) at does of 50 or 200 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks to assess toxicity and found to i...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Lankas GR,Coleman JB,Klein HJ,Bailly Y

更新日期：1996-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:A single high dose, 75 mg/kg, of clotrimazole (CloTZ) was administered intragastrically (i.g.) to adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Hepatic CloTZ concentrations were determined in organic extracts of whole liver homogenate, by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The peak liver CloTZ concentration was found at...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Pappas JB,Franklin MR

更新日期：1993-06-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Many studies have demonstrated that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons adversely affect mature mammalian immune systems. However, little is known about the cellular mechanism(s) mediating this immunosuppression or the potential for these ubiquitous environmental chemicals to similarly compromise lymphocyte development (...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hinoshita F,Hardin JA,Sherr DH

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Metal working fluids (MWFs) have been widely known to cause asthma and neoplasia of the larynx, pancreas, rectum, skin and urinary bladder (Textbook of Clinical Occupational and Environmental Medicine (1994) 814; Am. J. Ind. Med. 32 (1997) 240; Am. J. Ind. Med. 33 (1997) 282; Am. J. Ind. Med. 22 (1994) 185). Other non...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Shvedova AA,Kisin E,Murray A,Goldsmith T,Reynolds JS,Castranova V,Frazer DG,Kommineni C

更新日期：2002-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Endothelins (ET) can be considered stress-responsive regulators working in paracrine and autocrine fashion. It has been suggested that elevated levels of ET may be responsible for the low coronary re-flow phenomena. Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) was shown to stimulate ET release in rat heart; however, the mechan...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ozdemir R,Parlakpinar H,Polat A,Colak C,Ermis N,Acet A

更新日期：2006-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The administration of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) to a variety of cultured cells may alter their ability to proliferate and die. In a previous study we demonstrated that TCDD induced proliferation in Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cells where no signs of apoptosis were observed, but herein, analysis o...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Fiorito F,Ciarcia R,Granato GE,Marfe G,Iovane V,Florio S,De Martino L,Pagnini U

更新日期：2011-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Rat kidney slices were produced using a modified version of a mechanical tissue slicer. The slices were incubated with various concentrations of L-cysteine conjugates and mercapturic acids of halogenated alkenes in a submersion incubation system. The slices showed a time- and concentration-dependent toxicity to the ne...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Stijntjes GJ,Commandeur JN,te Koppele JM,McGuinness S,Gandolfi AJ,Vermeulen NP

更新日期：1993-03-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Asthma, which is primarily an allergic type of respiratory disease, has increased in the U.S. and Europe by 30% over the last decade. Air pollution may play a role in this rise, since during episodes of smog, hospital admissions due to asthma increase. Ambient air quality has generally improved since the Clean Air Act...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gilmour MI

更新日期：1995-12-28 00:00:00