Abstract:
:Presently, many consumer products contain nano-sized materials (NMs) to improve material properties, product quality and ease of use. NMs in food additives and in cosmetic articles (e.g., tooth paste) may be taken up by the oral route. As adverse effects of environmental nanoparticles, like ultrafine particles, have been reported, consumers worry about potential risks when using products containing NMs. The review focuses on metal and metal oxide NMs as common additives in tooth paste and in food industry and exposure by the oral route. Testing of NMs for oral exposure is very complex because differences in the diet, in mucus secretion and composition, in pH, in gastrointestinal transit time and in gastrointestinal flora influence NM uptake. Acellular (mucus, saliva) and epithelial layer of the orogastrointestinal barrier are described. Expected exposure doses, interaction of the NMs with mucus and permeation through the epithelium as well as in vivo data are mentioned. The role of in vitro models for the study of parameters relevant for ingested NMs is discussed.
journal_name
Toxicologyjournal_title
Toxicologyauthors
Fröhlich E,Roblegg Edoi
10.1016/j.tox.2011.11.004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-01-27 00:00:00pages
10-7issue
1-3eissn
0300-483Xissn
1879-3185pii
S0300-483X(11)00487-2journal_volume
291pub_type
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