Abstract:
:Colicins are unusual bacterial toxins because they are directed against close relatives of the producing strain. They kill their targets in one of three distinct ways; via a ribonuclease or deoxyribonuclease activity or by forming pores in the target cell's membrane. This review deals with the steps involved in pore-forming colicin activity including, initial synthesis of the toxin, toxin release, receptor binding, translocation across the periplasm and pore formation in the cytoplasmic membrane. Special reference is made to the role of colicin in vivo, the structural changes occurring during pore formation and the role of the immunity protein.
journal_name
Toxicologyjournal_title
Toxicologyauthors
Lakey JH,van der Goot FG,Pattus Fdoi
10.1016/0300-483x(94)90156-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-02-28 00:00:00pages
85-108issue
1-3eissn
0300-483Xissn
1879-3185pii
0300-483X(94)90156-2journal_volume
87pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
TOXICOLOGY文献大全abstract::Lead is known to impede the male reproductive function, however, the mechanisms through which the adverse effects are mediated are not clearly elucidated. In order to get insight into those mechanisms, we have examined the effects of lead on the biosynthesis of steroid hormones by Leydig cells in the rat. To determine...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(95)03107-q
更新日期:1995-11-20 00:00:00
abstract::In our experiments on acutely lead exposed rats we observed a marked increase (a 2-fold or 3-fold increase with 30 mg/kg or 60 mg/kg lead acetate, respectively) in [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate [( 3H]QNB) specific binding to muscarine receptors from striatum and cortex, without any change in receptor affinity. Muscarine...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(84)90005-2
更新日期:1984-05-14 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of fly ash inhalation on xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and heme metabolism in lung and liver has been studied in rats. Fly ash inhalation induced pulmonary and hepatic cytochrome P-450 content, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and glutathione S-transferase activity. Induction of cytochrome P-450 was accompani...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(89)90215-1
更新日期:1989-05-31 00:00:00
abstract::Rats were exposed to 1.5 +/- 0.1 mg ozone/m3 for 4 days and the activities of glucose-6-P dehydrogenase (G6PDH), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) were measured in the cytosolic fraction of lungs from exposed and control rats. Enzyme activities were also measured in isolated alveolar macrop...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(85)90083-6
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cadmium, an environmental neurotoxic compound, produces cognitive disorders, although the mechanism remains unknown. Previously, we described that cadmium induces a more pronounced cell death on cholinergic neurons from basal forebrain (BF). This effect, partially mediated by M1 receptor blockade, triggering it throug...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2017.12.006
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lead-exposed mice were found to show a significantly increased frequency of acrosome-reacted spermatozoa. The number of spermatozoa bound to the zona pellucida of denuded mouse eggs was also significant increased, probably as a result of an acceleration of the processes involved in the capacitation of the spermatozoa ...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(89)90041-3
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the effect of repeated ozone exposure on the respiratory system in mice, sensitized with ovalbumin (OA). OA-sensitized mice and saline-treated control mice were exposed to 1.0 ppm ozone or clean air for 6 h daily and five days weekly for five weeks. Subsequently, these mice were exposed to 1.0 ppm ozone fo...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2004.06.047
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nonylphenol (NP) has been identified at low levels in surface waters throughout North America. This industrial chemical is primarily used for the production of certain non-ionic surfactants, and has been reported to have weak estrogen-like activity. As estrogen has immunoregulatory properties and is crucial for normal...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2003.11.009
更新日期:2004-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::To elucidate factors responsible for altered proliferation of preneoplastic hepatocytes in rat hepatocarcinogenesis in vivo, EGF-stimulated DNA synthesis of normal and nodular hepatocytes in primary culture was studied. In addition, the influence of 2,3,7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) was investigated to clari...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(99)00189-4
更新日期:2000-04-03 00:00:00
abstract::2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, more popularly called dioxin or TCDD and referred to in this review as 2,3,7,8-TCDD, is considered the prototype of the polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD). The PCDD are true contaminants and are formed primarily as byproducts in the manufacture of materials requiring the use ...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(91)90184-3
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Challenges to improve toxicological risk assessment to meet the demands of the EU chemical's legislation, REACH, and the EU 7th Amendment of the Cosmetics Directive have accelerated the development of non-animal based methods. Unfortunately, uncertainties remain surrounding the power of alternative methods such as in ...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2013.08.012
更新日期:2015-06-05 00:00:00
abstract::In living organisms both chemical agents and physical factors [16] may produce neurophysiological change that affects EEG activity. EEG signals are very suitable for non-invasive measurement of CNS reactions, but quite complicated equipment is necessary for measurement and analysis. We have implemented a system that p...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(88)90004-2
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/AIMS:Liver fibrosis has been reported to be inhibited in vivo by oleanolic and ursolic acids. However, the mechanisms of the action of those triterpenoids are poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to determine the antifibrotic potential of other triterpenes, betulin and betulinic acid, and to characteri...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2010.12.006
更新日期:2011-02-27 00:00:00
abstract::The osteolathyrogenic agent semicarbazide was assayed for its toxicity and teratogenicity using early embryos of the frog Xenopus laevis. The 96-h LC50 is 1504.20 mg/l while the 96-h EC50 is 76.28 mg/l. Embryo length is altered prior to the onset of other effects indicated by a reduction in stage of development. The m...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(85)90053-8
更新日期:1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats were exposed to isopropanol by inhalation of 200,2000 and 8000 ppm for 2 weeks with a daily exposure of 6 h. A pilot group exposed to 8000 ppm was given a recovery period of 4 weeks. Kidney and liver microsomal metabolism of n-hexane was investigated in vitro concomitant with activities of cytochrome P-450 and GS...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(85)90078-2
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanism of delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (delta-ALA-D) inhibition by phenyl selenoacetylene in vitro was investigated in this study. Phenyl selenoacetylene (40-400 microM) inhibition of delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase from rat liver (low speed supernatant fraction, S1 fraction) was partially prevented by i...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2004.08.001
更新日期:2005-01-31 00:00:00
abstract::The immunohistochemical localization of G alpha q/G alpha 11 was studied in the olfactory neuroepithelium of the channel catfish. Antigenicity in the rosette was found at the apical surfaces of cells, within the apical neck regions of some cells, and within the area of the basal nerve tracts. Specific labeling was eli...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(96)03558-5
更新日期:1997-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary function and inflammation in the lungs of rodents exposed by inhalation to carbon/graphite/epoxy advanced composite material (ACM) combustion products were compared to that of a rodent model of acute lung injury (ALI) produced by pneumotoxic paraquat dichloride. This investigation was undertaken to determine...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(02)00542-5
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A qualitative assessment of developmental toxicity within a series of 12 structurally related compounds, 11 of which were active dopamine mimetics and one was inactive, was conducted in rats treated orally by gavage during the major period of organogenesis. Doses were chosen where possible to be equipotent in terms of...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(92)90189-l
更新日期:1992-12-04 00:00:00
abstract::National and international law is an essential component of the array of measures serving to protect against the hostile release of biological or chemical agents, and to help to mitigate the consequences should such a release nevertheless take place. These includes the Geneva Protocol of 1925, the Chemical Weapons Con...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2005.06.017
更新日期:2005-10-30 00:00:00
abstract::The involvement of metallothionein (MT) in the nephrotoxicity of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (c-DDP) was investigated in rats using enzyme excretion and histology as indicators of renal damage. In addition, the effects of renal glutathione (GSH) depletion on the nephrotoxicity of c-DDP was assessed by organic anion t...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(90)90129-5
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondria play a central role in the life and death of cells. These organelles serve as the major energy-producing power-house, whereby the generation of ATP is associated with the utilization of molecular oxygen. A significant fraction (2-3%) of molecular oxygen consumed by mitochondria may be reduced in a one-ele...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2004.11.027
更新日期:2005-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::The Comet assay is an often used approach for the assessment of genetic damage in primary cells of exposed populations. In the majority of these studies lymphocytes are used. Therefore, we reviewed human biomonitoring studies of occupational exposure using the Comet assay with lymphocytes. We also tried to elucidate t...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2004.02.010
更新日期:2004-05-20 00:00:00
abstract::A single high dose, 75 mg/kg, of clotrimazole (CloTZ) was administered intragastrically (i.g.) to adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Hepatic CloTZ concentrations were determined in organic extracts of whole liver homogenate, by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The peak liver CloTZ concentration was found at...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(93)90074-3
更新日期:1993-06-04 00:00:00
abstract::Short term exposure of cultured chick ganglia nerve fibers and neuroglia to selenite produced half maximal inhibitory growth effects in concentrations of 6.2 (2.9--13.0) X 10(-5) M and 1.1 (0.7--1.7) X 10(-4) M, respectively. Complete inhibition of growth for both cell types was apparent at 1 X 10(-3) M, while slight ...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(78)90041-0
更新日期:1978-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dimethoate, azinphos-methyl, diazinon and pirimiphos-methyl, widely used organophosphorous insecticides, and benomyl, a benzimidazole fungicide, induce different cytotoxic effects on the human leukemia cell line HL-60. Among the insecticides tested, only azinphos and diazinon induced a dose-related inhibition of prote...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(94)90036-1
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of accurate and sensitive methods for the measurement of cytokines in body fluids is an absolute prerequisite for the proper use of these mediators in clinical practice. Many factors contribute to the complexity of cytokines quantitation: these molecules circulate at very low levels (e.g. pg/ml) under various ...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(98)00063-8
更新日期:1998-08-07 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was undertaken to investigate the involvement of oxidative damage in lead-induced toxicity in humans and to enlighten whether oxidative stress indicators are correlated with the known indices of lead toxicity. For these purposes, selected oxidative stress parameters along with some clinical indices o...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2003.09.009
更新日期:2004-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Ammonium perfluorooctanoate (APFO) is a surfactant used primarily as an aid in processing various fluoropolymers. Many toxicology and epidemiological studies have been conducted with APFO; however, no specific information regarding functional reproduction was previously available. Therefore, the potential reproductive...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2003.11.005
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::T- and B-cells recognise drugs when bound as haptens to carrier molecules. Recent studies suggest that drugs might also bind in a non-covalent form to MHC-peptide complexes and T cell receptors, and are thereby able to stimulate T cells. This has, however, only been shown for drug-specific T cell clones. Functional an...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00399-1
更新日期:2001-02-02 00:00:00