Abstract：
:T- and B-cells recognise drugs when bound as haptens to carrier molecules. Recent studies suggest that drugs might also bind in a non-covalent form to MHC-peptide complexes and T cell receptors, and are thereby able to stimulate T cells. This has, however, only been shown for drug-specific T cell clones. Functional analysis revealed that drug-reactive T cells secrete high amounts of IL-5 and are cytotoxic. Cytotoxicity is mediated by drug-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells and, as revealed by the immunohistochemical analysis of drug-induced exanthems, might be involved in the killing of keratinocytes thus explaining the drug-induced exanthem. Further work is needed to clarify the type and exact location of the rather labile drug binding to MHC and T cell receptors, and to evaluate what drug allergies might be caused by such an unusual presentation and immune stimulation. This new model as well as findings from the analysis of clinical drug allergies may have major implications on how to test and predict the allergenic potential of drugs. A change and expansion of currently performed test procedures is required to predict the allergenic potential of drugs.
journal_name
Toxicologyjournal_title
Toxicologyauthors
Pichler WJdoi
10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00399-1keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-02-02 00:00:00pages
31-41issue
1-2eissn
0300-483Xissn
1879-3185pii
S0300-483X(00)00399-1journal_volume
158pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
TOXICOLOGY文献大全abstract：:The free radical scavenging activities and inhibitory effect of lipid peroxidation of a delphinidin derivative in eggplant were investigated. Delphinidin-3-(p-coumaroylrutinoside)-5-glucoside (nasunin), an anthocyanin, was isolated as purple colored crystals from eggplant peels. Using electron spin resonance spectrome...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00202-x
更新日期：2000-08-07 00:00:00
abstract：:V79 Chinese hamster cells are being genetically engineered for stable expression of cytochromes P450 using a SV40 early promoter containing plasmid as the eukaryotic expression vector. V79 cells lack endogenous cytochrome P450 activity. Therefore, genetically engineered V79 cell lines are defined for the cytochrome P4...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0300-483x(93)90063-x
更新日期：1993-10-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Injection of insulin into mice and rabbit has been reported to convert the latent form of phosphoglucomutase (E X Zn) to an active form (E X Mg) without any net increase in the protein associated with this enzyme (Hashimoto et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 27 (1967) 369 and Peck et al., J. Biol. Chem. 242 (1971...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0300-483x(85)90050-2
更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have reported that excessive nitric oxide (NO), like other reactive oxygen species (ROS), causes a decrease in cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) activity and ATP levels (mitochondrial damage) resulting in lens opacity. In addition, previous reports have shown that oxidative stress caused by ROS enhances amyloid β (Aβ) pro...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2017.02.014
更新日期：2017-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Several reports have described the effects of trichloroethylene (TCE) on the microsomal mixed function oxidase system (MFOS). These studies suggest that repeated TCE administration induces MFOS, especially cytochrome P-450 and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase. However, it is uncertain what isozymes are induced by TCE trea...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0300-483x(88)90217-x
更新日期：1988-12-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Twenty adult ewes underwent common surgery and following recovery were exposed to 1% carbon monoxide (CO) for 2 h. Ten of these sheep were randomly selected for treatment with haem oxygenase (HO) and nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) blockers. All sheep were killed 5 days later. The CO exposure was narcotic and EEG freque...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2004.12.033
更新日期：2005-05-05 00:00:00
abstract：:A qualitative assessment of developmental toxicity within a series of 12 structurally related compounds, 11 of which were active dopamine mimetics and one was inactive, was conducted in rats treated orally by gavage during the major period of organogenesis. Doses were chosen where possible to be equipotent in terms of...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0300-483x(92)90189-l
更新日期：1992-12-04 00:00:00
abstract：:A single high dose, 75 mg/kg, of clotrimazole (CloTZ) was administered intragastrically (i.g.) to adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Hepatic CloTZ concentrations were determined in organic extracts of whole liver homogenate, by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The peak liver CloTZ concentration was found at...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0300-483x(93)90074-3
更新日期：1993-06-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Transgenic rat mutation assays can be used to assess genotoxic properties of chemicals in target organs for carcinogenicity. Mutations in transgenes are genetically neutral and accumulate during a treatment period; thus, assays are suitable for assessing the genotoxic risk of chemicals using a repeated-dose treatment ...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2014.07.003
更新日期：2014-10-03 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), 2-mercaptopropionylglycine (MPG) and dithiothreitol (DTT) on the metabolism and toxicity of acetaminophen (APAP) were examined in isolated mouse hepatocytes maintained in primary culture on collagen-coated dishes. Both NAC and MPG increased the formation of the glutathione and su...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0300-483x(86)90106-x
更新日期：1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rats were exposed to 1.5 +/- 0.1 mg ozone/m3 for 4 days and the activities of glucose-6-P dehydrogenase (G6PDH), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) were measured in the cytosolic fraction of lungs from exposed and control rats. Enzyme activities were also measured in isolated alveolar macrop...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0300-483x(85)90083-6
更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of cadmium on some mitochondrial enzymes of kidney, testis and lung were investigated in male rats. Rats were injected intraperitoneally with 3 mg Cd/kg body weight and its effects were studied 24, 72 and 144 h later. Succinic dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase activities were significantly inhibited i...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0300-483x(83)90077-x
更新日期：1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Heavy metals, such as iron and manganese, are involved in neurologic disease. Most often these diseases are associated with abnormal environmental exposures or abnormal accumulations of heavy metals in the body. There is increasing recognition that heavy metals normally present in the body also may play a role in dise...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0300-483x(94)02962-t
更新日期：1995-03-31 00:00:00
abstract：:The measurement of haemoglobin (Hb) adducts is an important tool for monitoring exposures to industrial chemicals such as ethylene, ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. The aim of the present study was to use this method to monitor occupational exposure to butadiene. The methodology was evaluated with Hb samples obtain...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0300-483x(96)03435-x
更新日期：1996-10-28 00:00:00
abstract：:An embryotoxicity study on Ponceau 4 R was carried out in SPF Wistar rats. The substance was given by gavage from day 1 to 20 of the gestation period in doses of 0, 1000, 2000, and 4000 mg/kg bw per day, dissolved in distilled water. The foetuses were removed on day 21. No effect due to the treatment with the dye was ...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0300-483x(75)90117-1
更新日期：1975-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aromatase enzyme plays a central role in steroidogenesis by converting androgens to estrogens and has been proposed as an important molecular target for many environmental endocrine disrupters chemicals. In this study, we have screened 30 selected pesticides with known, unknown or supposed effects on aromatase activit...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2006.08.021
更新日期：2006-11-10 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been suggested, on the basis of work in cell-free systems, that sulfonamide hydroxy-lamines are metabolized to nitroso metabolites which may be the proximate toxins mediating sulfonamide hypersensitivity reactions. We performed time-course experiments investigating the toxicity of the hydroxylamine and nitroso ...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0300-483x(94)02900-f
更新日期：1995-01-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteotoxic compounds administered during pregnancy can initiate skeletal congenital anomalies in the embryo. In vitro, developmental osteotoxicity of a compound can be predicted with the embryonic stem cell test (EST), the only in vitro embryotoxicity model identified to date that entirely abrogates the use of animals...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2010.08.016
更新日期：2010-11-09 00:00:00
abstract：:T-2 toxin belongs to the large group of trichothecene mycotoxins synthesized by various Fusarium molds which can infect raw agriculture materials. Among the trichothecenes, T-2 toxin is one of the most potent mycotoxins and poses a potential health risk in human nutrition. Several acute and chronic toxic effects were ...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2009.01.012
更新日期：2009-04-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Cadmium being a potent immunotoxicant, affects both humoral and cell mediated immunity. However, its effect on spleen is not clearly understood. Hence, to delineate the action of Cd, mouse splenic lymphocytes were exposed to Cd (10, 25 and 50 microM) for 60 min, 1.5, 3, 6 and 18 h. At 6 h, apoptosis was reflected by D...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2005.11.027
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study was examined whether or not 2-bromoethyamine, a semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO, EC; 1.4.3.6) inhibitor, would increase an active dopaminergic neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+))-induced hydroxyl radical ((*)OH) generation in the rat striatum. Rats were anesthetized, and ...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2005.09.012
更新日期：2006-01-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Envenoming by the pitviper Bothrops jararacussu produces cardiovascular alterations, including coagulopathy, systemic hemorrhage, hypotension, circulatory shock and renal failure. In this work, we examined the activity of this venom in rat isolated right atria. Incubation with venom (0.025, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2mg/ml) cau...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2014.06.010
更新日期：2014-09-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Reactive isomeric 3- and 4-trifluoromethylanilines (3-,4-TFMA), and control aniline itself, induced the following effects on biosynthesis of DNA in the liver, kidney, thymus and spleen of rats: (a) The administration of 4-TFMA initially suppressed the utilization of labeled thymidine for splenic DNA synthesis during t...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0300-483x(93)90091-6
更新日期：1993-10-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with molecular weight 278 are a group of PAHs that are mostly not covered by the current monitoring programs, despite their relative abundance in environmental samples and possible carcinogenicity. Although benzo[g]chrysene (BgChry) and dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DBahA) have been fo...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2006.12.024
更新日期：2007-03-22 00:00:00
abstract：:The organophosphorus nerve agent soman is an irreversible cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor that can produce long-lasting seizures and brain damage in which the neurotransmitters acetylcholine and glutamate are involved. These same neurotransmitters play key-roles in the auditory function. It was then assumed that explor...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2007.05.024
更新日期：2007-09-05 00:00:00
abstract：:There are reports of alterations in the number and functions of the cells of the immune system in patients with metal-on-metal (MOM) orthopaedic implants. These effects have been correlated with elevated chromium levels in the patients' blood. We have investigated the interactions of clinically relevant concentrations...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2007.04.002
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several inhibitors of cytochrome P-450 mediated oxidative transformations, ethyl 2-diethylaminoethyl-2-phenyl-2-ethylmalonate, ethyl-2-diethyl-aminoethyl-2-ethyl-2-buthylmalonate, 2,4 dichloro-6-phenoxyethyl diethylamine, 2-diethylaminoethyl-2-phenyl- (2-propene)-4-penten-1-oate or 3-amino,1,2,4 triazole were not able...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0300-483x(80)90117-1
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Isoniazid is a widely used drug for the treatment of tuberculosis, but hepatotoxicity is a major concern during treatment. Thiopronin contains an SH-group and is generally considered an antioxidant. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of thiopronin during liver injury and DNA damage induced by ...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2009.08.006
更新日期：2009-10-29 00:00:00
abstract：:The urinary metabolites from repeated oral doses of 3.7 mg o-phenyl phenol (OPP) to mature and immature dogs and cats were studied. At both age levels, dogs excreted significantly more OPP as sulfate and glucuronide than did cats. Puppies produced 4 times the level of glucuronides than mature dogs. No such age differe...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0300-483x(80)90016-5
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nonylphenol (NP) has been identified at low levels in surface waters throughout North America. This industrial chemical is primarily used for the production of certain non-ionic surfactants, and has been reported to have weak estrogen-like activity. As estrogen has immunoregulatory properties and is crucial for normal...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2003.11.009
更新日期：2004-03-15 00:00:00
