Abstract：
:Glaucoma, a disease of the optic nerve and retina, causes blindness in millions of people worldwide. Currently available therapies for this disease only attempt to reduce intraocular pressure, the major risk factor, without addressing the associated optic neuropathy and retinopathy. Development of glaucoma neuroprotective treatment is therefore a pressing unmet medical need. Unfortunately, many challenges hinder this effort, including an incomplete understanding of the mechanism of pathogenesis, leading to uncertain therapeutic targets and confounded by not yet validated preclinical models. Most importantly, with slow disease progression and a less than ideal endpoint measurement method, clinical trials are necessarily large, lengthy, expensive and, to many, prohibitive. No easy solution is available to overcome these challenges. Increased commitment to basic mechanistic research is an essential foundation for dealing with this problem. Innovations in clinical trials with novel surrogate endpoints, nontraditional study designs and the use of surrogate diseases might shorten the study time, reduce the patient sample size and consequently lower the budgetary hurdle for the development of new therapies.
journal_name
Cell Tissue Resjournal_title
Cell and tissue researchauthors
Liu Y,Pang IHdoi
10.1007/s00441-013-1584-zsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-08-01 00:00:00pages
253-60issue
2eissn
0302-766Xissn
1432-0878journal_volume
353pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Osteogenic differentiation is a tightly regulated process realized by progenitor cell osteoblasts. Notch signaling pathway plays a critical role in skeletal development and bone remodeling. Controversial data exist regarding the role of Notch activation in promoting or preventing osteogenic differentiation. This study...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00441-019-03130-7
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The postnatal maturation of regions of the epididymis and intragonadal segment of the deferens duct was studied in the rat by light- and transmission electron microscopy. Maturation of the genital duct starts in the distal cauda epididymidis and ductus deferens after one week of life, and one week later, in the more c...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00215508
更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The association between adipose tissue and immunity has been established and fat-associated lymphoid clusters (FALCs) are considered as a source of immune cells. We discovered lymphoid clusters (LCs) in mouse mediastinal fat tissues (MFTs). In Th1-biased C57BL/6N (B6), Th2-biased DBA/2Cr (DBA) and autoimmune-prone MRL...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00441-014-1889-6
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Their strategic location between blood and tissue and their constitutive properties allow endothelial cells (EC) to monitor the transport of plasma molecules, by employing bidirectional receptor-mediated and receptor-independent transcytosis and endocytosis, and to regulate vascular tone, cellular cholesterol and lipi...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00441-008-0678-5
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Renovascular hypertension (RVH) is a progressive disease, leading to chronic kidney disease when untreated and no specific treatment is available. Therefore, development of new therapeutic modalities is imperative. RVH is triggered by renal artery stenosis and subsequent renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00441-017-2602-3
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The bilaterally paired cercal nerves of Archimantis brunneriana Sauss. leave the terminal ganglion posteriorly and then turn dorsally through muscles at the rear of the abdomen to enter the cerci, where each splits into two branches; successive branchings occur further distally in each cercus. In the distal nerve bran...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00217267
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Quantitative studies on the population of the gonadotropic cells in the pituitary of adult male rats were performed after trypsic dissociation of the pituitary glands and immunoenzymatic staining with anti-beta-LH or anti-beta-FSH antisera. Number, area and extinction of labelled cells were measured by use of an image...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00217273
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study provides information on the rates of DNA synthesis, sites of DNA synthesis, and DNA content of the avian salt gland during the osmotic stressing (plasma membrane synthesis) and destressing (plasma membrane turnover) cycle, in an effort to better understand the relationship of cell turnover to the initial ev...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00214782
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ultrastructural immunohistochemical localization of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and its regulating enzymes, L-glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and gamma aminobutyrate-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase, was determined utilizing an immunogold post-embedding protocol in pancreatic exocrine tissue. Within the acinar ce...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00213841
更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Radiofrequency lesions were made in the lateral geniculate nuclei of six squirrel monkeys. The resulting degenerating terminals and their postsynaptic structures in layer IV of area 17 were quantitatively categorized on photomontages covering large areas of neuropil. Two to five days after the lesion, numerous axon te...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00234741
更新日期：1979-02-28 00:00:00
abstract：:To gain a better understanding of the neuroplasticity of sympathetic neurons during postnatal ontogenesis, the distribution of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) immunoreactivity was studied in sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPN) in the spinal cord (Th2 segment) of female Wistar rats at different ages (newborn,...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00441-018-2925-8
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The function of exocytosis during plasma membrane resealing might be to facilitate the flow of surface lipid over the disruption site and/or to add defect-spanning "patches" of internal membrane across it. Scanning-electron-microscopic visualization of large plasma membrane disruptions in sea urchin eggs is here used ...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004410000286
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The spleen of the oriental fire-bellied toad, Bombina orientalis, consists of well-developed white pulp, separated from the lymphocytic marginal zone by the connective tissue boundary layer. Injection of peroxidase-conjugated rabbit anti-peroxidase revealed that these immune complexes were localized on the surface of ...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00297553
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In mouse hepatocytes, the gap junctional proteins connexin32 (Cx32) and connexin26 (Cx26) are expressed in the same gap junctional plaque. Expression of the major Cx32 protein is downregulated during liver regeneration and cholestasis. Here we have analyzed the acute-phase response (after experimental inflammation) an...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004410000177
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Wnts are secreted glycoproteins that play multiple roles in early development, including the differentiation of precursor cells. During this period, gradients of Wnts and other morphogens are formed and regulate the differentiation and migration of neural progenitor cells. Afterwards, Wnt signalling cascades participa...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00441-014-1996-4
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Electron-microscopic autoradiography of rat neurohypophyses treated with [3H] clonidine, an alpha 2-agonist, showed that binding apparently occurred preferentially at the neurosecretory endings and blood vessels rather than on the pituicytes. Since it is known that clonidine has a high affinity for plasma proteins, th...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00219223
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The retinal projections were studied in the black piranha (Serrasalmus niger) with degeneration and autoradiographic methods. The projections are bilateral to the hypothalamic optic nucleus, the dorsomedial optic nucleus, corpus geniculatum ipsum of Meader (1934) and the optic tectum. Unilateral, crossed projections w...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00237893
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although the cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons of the avian paraventricular organ exhibit considerable amounts of catecholamines, they show no tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity. In the quail embryo, the development of these neurons has been studied using the paraformaldeyde-glutaraldeyde method for the fluore...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00307970
更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The dental follicle is an ectomesenchymal tissue that surrounds developing tooth germ and that contains osteoblastic-lineage-committed stem/progenitor cells. We examined the osteogenic potential of human dental follicle cells (hDFC) by microarray analysis. We first compared the characteristics of hDFC with those of hu...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00441-012-1477-6
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recently, an antibody against the choline transporter (CHT), an essential molecule involved in ACh uptake, was used to label cholinergic nerves in the central nervous system; however, the enteric nervous system (ENS) was not examined. The present study localised CHT immunoreactivity (CHT-IR) within the rat ileum ENS a...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00441-006-0332-z
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are believed to be a major element in generating the spontaneous rhythm of the gastrointestinal tract. A prominent problem in the study of these cells has been the difficulty in observing them in intact tissues. We used the lipophilic dye DiI to stain ICCs in the submucosal-circular ...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004410051058
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The fine structure of luminal surface of clearly identified portions of uriniferous tubules has been studied by scanning electron microscopy to elucidate some controversies concerning the topography of certain surface formations. The results show a characteristic pattern of the luminal surface in the region of Henle's...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00215128
更新日期：1976-02-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Using a somatostatin-gold conjugate of known biological activity, high affinity binding sites for this neuropeptide were visualized at cellular resolution on cultured diencephalic astrocytes and on frozen sections of the rat diencephalon. Binding could be completely suppressed in competition experiments with surplus u...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00318767
更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Proteins participating in vesicular docking and fusion have been identified in the nervous system. Such proteins appear to be important for the molecular regulation of exocytosis also in non-neuronal cells. The enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells of the gastric acid-secreting (oxyntic) mucosa secrete histamine and chrom...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004410050960
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The three-dimensional architecture of the human isthmic myosalpinx is directly visualized by means of scanning electron microscopy after removal of interstitial connective tissue through NaOH maceration and ultrasound microdissection. These investigations show that the myosalpinx is composed of irregularly running bun...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00678727
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ependymal cells and their junctional complexes in the area postrema of the rat were studied in detail by tracer experiments using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and colloidal lanthanum and by freeze-etch techniques, in addition to routine electron microscopy. The ependyma of the area postrema is characterized as flatten...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00235058
更新日期：1979-09-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Synapses in the lateral septum of the murine brain have been investigated by ultrastructural immunocytochemistry, using monoclonal anti-neurophysins in both immunoperoxidase and immunogold techniques. In the region shown by light microscopy to be rich in vasopressinergic innervation, synaptic boutons containing approx...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00215524
更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BK(ca)) are crucial for the regulation of cerebral vascular basal tone and might be involved in cerebral vasodilation relevant to migraine and stroke. We studied the differential gene expression of mRNA transcript levels and protein expression of the BK(Ca) chann...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00441-008-0701-x
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability of levamisole (LVS) to correct the effect of thymectomy on splenic T-cell population in Bufo bufo larvae was tested. Using the nonspecific acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) technique, the T-lymphocytes displayed a characteristic reddish brown spot (T-pattern). The total number of white cells per ...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00204789
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:NdWFamide is an Aplysia cardioexcitatory tri-peptide containing D-tryptophan. To investigate the roles of this peptide, we examined the immunohistochemical distribution of NdWFamide-positive neurons in Aplysia tissues. All the ganglia of the central nervous system (CNS) contained NdWFamide-positive neurons. In particu...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00441-003-0707-3
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
