Abstract：
:Their strategic location between blood and tissue and their constitutive properties allow endothelial cells (EC) to monitor the transport of plasma molecules, by employing bidirectional receptor-mediated and receptor-independent transcytosis and endocytosis, and to regulate vascular tone, cellular cholesterol and lipid homeostasis. These cells are also involved in signal transduction, immunity, inflammation and haemostasis. Cardiovascular risk factors, such as hyperlipaemia/dyslipidaemia trigger the molecular machinery of EC to respond to insults by modulation of their constitutive functions followed by dysfunction and ultimately by injury and apoptosis. The gradual activation of EC consists initially in the modulation of two constitutive functions: (1) permeability, i.e. increased transcytosis of lipoproteins, and (2) biosynthetic activity, i.e. enhanced synthesis of the basement membrane and extracellular matrix. The increased transcytosis and the reduced efflux of beta-lipoproteins (betaLp) lead to their retention within the endothelial hyperplasic basal lamina as modified lipoproteins (MLp) and to their subsequent alteration (oxidation, glycation, enzymatic modifications). MLp generate chemoattractant and inflammatory molecules, triggering EC dysfunction (appearance of new adhesion molecules, secretion of chemokines, cytokines), characterised by monocyte recruitment, adhesion, diapedesis and residence within the subendothelium. In time, EC in the athero-prone areas alter their net negative surface charge, losing their non-thrombogenic ability, become loaded with lipid droplets and turn into foam cells. Prolonged and/or repeated exposure to cardiovascular risk factors can ultimately exhaust the protective effect of the endogenous anti-inflammatory system within EC. As a consequence, EC may progress to senescence, lose their integrity and detach into the circulation.
journal_name
Cell Tissue Resjournal_title
Cell and tissue researchauthors
Sima AV,Stancu CS,Simionescu Mdoi
10.1007/s00441-008-0678-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-01-01 00:00:00pages
191-203issue
1eissn
0302-766Xissn
1432-0878journal_volume
335pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The distribution and chemical neuroanatomy of nervous elements and certain pharmacological-physiological characteristics of the innervation of the body wall in earthworms are described. Solitary sensory bipolar cells can be found among the epithelial cells. These bipolar cells contain serotonin, tyrosine hydroxylase, ...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00441-005-1134-4
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abstract：:A study of the organisation of the locust dorsal ocellus shows that the structure is designed to provide the maximum possible effective aperture. The condenser-like cuticular lens and the dispersal of the rhabdome over a large proportion of the circumferential area of the retinula cells increases the light gathering p...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Cell and tissue research
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journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1978-07-05 00:00:00
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journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1979-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Cell and tissue research
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journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00233727
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Cell and tissue research
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journal_title：Cell and tissue research
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更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00220436
更新日期：1979-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Cell and tissue research
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更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Cell and tissue research
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journal_title：Cell and tissue research
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journal_title：Cell and tissue research
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journal_title：Cell and tissue research
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更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Cell and tissue research
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更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Cell and tissue research
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更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Cell and tissue research
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journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
