Abstract:
:Diverse aetiologies result in significant deviation from homoeostasis in the kidney, leading to CKD (chronic kidney disease). CKD progresses to end-stage renal disease principally as a result of renal fibrosis, although the molecular mechanisms underlying this fibrotic process are still poorly understood. miRNAs (microRNAs) are a recently discovered family of endogenous short single-stranded RNAs that regulate global gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. The recent findings from our laboratory and others discussed in the present review outline pleiotropic roles for miR-192 in renal homoeostasis and in the fibrotic kidney. We describe miR-192-driven anti-and pro-fibrotic effects via the repression of ZEB1 and ZEB2 (zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox proteins 1 and 2), resulting in changes in extracellular matrix deposition and cell differentiation.
journal_name
Biochem Soc Transjournal_title
Biochemical Society transactionsauthors
Jenkins RH,Martin J,Phillips AO,Bowen T,Fraser DJdoi
10.1042/BST20120085subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-08-01 00:00:00pages
762-7issue
4eissn
0300-5127issn
1470-8752pii
BST20120085journal_volume
40pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Phosphorylation by protein kinases is a fundamental mechanism of signal transduction. Many kinase families contain one or several members that, although evolutionarily conserved, lack the residues required for catalytic activity. Studies combining structural, biochemical, and functional approaches revealed that these ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20180496
更新日期:2019-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::In order to achieve greater selectivity in drug discovery, researchers in both academia and industry are targeting cell regulatory systems. This often involves targeting the protein-protein interactions of regulatory multiprotein assemblies. Protein-protein interfaces are widely recognized to be challenging targets as...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0391327
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In cruciferous plants, the primary pre-rRNA cleavage site (P site) is immediately downstream of four similar, highly conserved sequences (A(1), A(2), A(3) and B) located within the 5'-ETS (5'-external transcribed spacer). In the present study, we describe the characterization of a plant NF D (nuclear factor D) that bi...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0320578
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Homologous recombination is essential for accurate chromosome segregation during meiosis in most sexual organisms. Meiotic recombination is initiated by the formation of DSBs (DNA double-strand breaks) made by the Spo11 protein. We review here recent findings pertaining to protein-protein interactions important for DS...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0340523
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) is a key regulator of cell growth, metabolism and survival. The frequent activation of the PI3K pathway in cancer has stimulated widespread interest in identifying potent and selective inhibitors of PI3K isoforms. The present paper highlights recent progress in identifying such molecul...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0350245
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the intracellular microenvironment of active muscle tissue, high rates of respiration are maintained at near-limiting oxygen concentrations. The respiration of isolated heart mitochondria is a hyperbolic function of oxygen concentration and half-maximal rates were obtained at 0.4 and 0.7 microM O(2) with substrates...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quinone oxidoreductases are a class of membrane enzymes that catalyse the oxidation or reduction of membrane-bound quinols/quinones. The conversion of quinone/quinol by these enzymes is difficult to study because of the hydrophobic nature of the enzymes and their substrates. We describe some biochemical properties of ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0370707
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is clear that considerable conformational distortions may occur in peripheral proteins on interaction with anionic lipid bilayers. Specific lipid interactions do occur at least in the case of cytochrome c, and each perturbation and interaction may well take place before insertion into, or translocation across, a bi...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0251119
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among the several signalling pathways regulated by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins, the one activating NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappaB) is certainly one of the best characterized. The regulation of the activity of this transcription factor by members of the ubiquitin family occurs at various levels, imposing ov...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0360853
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Here, we describe a recently discovered O-GlcNAc transferase termed EOGT for EGF domain-specific O-GlcNAc transferase. EOGT transfers GlcNAc (N-acetylglucosamine) to Ser or Thr in secreted and membrane proteins that contain one or more epidermal growth factor-like repeats with a specific consensus sequence. Thus, EOGT...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20160165
更新日期:2017-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) are a family of transcription factors that regulate lipid homoeostasis. Three SREBP isoforms control the expression of more than 30 genes required for the biosynthesis of cholesterol, fatty acids, triacylglycerols and phospholipids. The unique regulation and activati...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0301091
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study of regulated exocytosis uniquely allows the direct measurement of intracellular membrane fusion events in real time. We have exploited this to examine factors that regulate not only the extent but also the dynamics of single fusion/release events. The general strategy used has been to assess exocytosis in tr...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0290467
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Voltage-gated K(+) channels are key regulators of neuronal excitability. The Kv2.1 voltage-gated K(+) channel is the major delayed rectifier K(+) channel expressed in most central neurons, where it exists as a highly phosphorylated protein. Kv2.1 plays a critical role in homoeostatic regulation of intrinsic neuronal e...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0351064
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whereas spontaneous point mutation operates on nucleotides individually, sexual recombination manipulates the set of nucleotides within an allele as an essentially particulate unit. In principle, these two different scales of variation enable selection to follow fitness gradients in two different spaces: in nucleotide...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0340560
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The backbones of proteins form linear chains. In the case of some proteins, these chains can be characterized as forming linear open knots. The knot type of the full chain reveals only limited information about the entanglement of the chain since, for example, subchains of an unknotted protein can form knots and subch...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20120329
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA methylation at the fifth position of cytosine is a major epigenetic mark conserved in plants and mammals. Genome-wide DNA methylation patterns are dynamically controlled by integrated activities of establishment, maintenance, and removal. In both plants and mammals, a pattern of global DNA hypomethylation coupled ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20180218
更新日期:2019-08-30 00:00:00
abstract::The ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) machinery consists of a number of cytosolic proteins that make up three functional subcomplexes: ESCRT-I, ESCRT-II and ESCRT-III. These proteins function in multivesicular body formation and cell division and are co-opted by enveloped retroviruses to facilit...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0370195
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synapses, points of contact between axons and dendrites, are conduits for the flow of information in the circuitry of the central nervous system. The strength of synaptic transmission reflects the interconnectedness of the axons and dendrites at synapses; synaptic strength in turn is modified by the frequency with whi...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0381527
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ubiquitination is a fundamental post-translational modification that regulates almost all aspects of cellular signalling and is ultimately catalysed by the action of E3 ubiquitin ligases. The RING-between-RING (RBR) family of E3 ligases encompasses 14 distinct human enzymes that are defined by a unique domain organisa...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20200237
更新日期:2020-08-28 00:00:00
abstract::Post-translational modification (PTM) of histones has been investigated in eukaryotes for years, revealing its widespread occurrence and functional importance. Many PTMs affect chromatin folding and gene activity. Only recently the occurrence of such modifications has been recognized in bacteria. However, it is unclea...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20180488
更新日期:2018-10-19 00:00:00
abstract::Collaborative communication lies at the centre of multicellular life. Gap junctions (GJs) are surface membrane structures that allow direct communication between cells. They were discovered in the 1960s following the convergence of the detection of low-resistance electrical interactions between cells and anatomical st...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20150056
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Rho/Rop small GTPase regulatory module is central for initiating exocytotically ACDs (active cortical domains) in plant cell cortex, and a growing array of Rop regulators and effectors are being discovered in plants. Structural membrane phospholipids are important constituents of cells as well as signals, and phos...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0380723
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) belong to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family signalling pathway. Similar to TGF-β, the complex roles of BMPs in development and disease are demonstrated by their dichotomous roles in various cancers and cancer stages. Although early studies implicated BMP signalling in t...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20160069
更新日期:2016-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::The Golgi complex (GC) has an essential role in the processing and sorting of proteins and lipids. The GC of mammalian cells is composed of stacks of cisternae connected by membranous tubules to create a continuous network, the Golgi ribbon, whose maintenance requires several core and accessory proteins. Despite this ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20190646
更新日期:2020-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::In plant and metazoan, Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins play key roles in regulating developmental processes by repression of gene expression. PcG proteins function as multi-protein complexes; among them the best characterized ones are Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) and PRC2. PRC2 catalyzes histone H3 lysine 27 tri...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20170576
更新日期:2018-08-20 00:00:00
abstract::The UPR (unfolded protein response) or ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress response was first described 20 years ago. The field of ER stress has expanded tremendously since, moving from basic biology in yeast to human neurodegenerative, inflammatory, cardiovascular and neoplastic diseases. The ER stress response has als...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0360909
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::As intracellular pathogens, enveloped viruses must usurp the host cell machinery for many stages of the viral life cycle in order to produce a new generation of infectious virions. In one of the less understood steps of viral assembly, viral components including the transmembrane glycoproteins, structural proteins and...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20120166
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Along with the development of several large-scale methods such as mass spectrometry or micro arrays, genome wide models became not only a possibility but an obvious tool for theoretical biologists to integrate and analyse complex biological data. Nevertheless, incorporating the dynamics of photosynthesis remains one o...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20150136
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The evolution of proteins is inseparably linked to their function. Because most biological processes involve a number of different proteins, it may become impossible to study the evolutionary properties of proteins in isolation. In the present article, we show how simple mechanistic models of biological processes can ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0370762
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are becoming an increasingly powerful model organism to study the role of metabolism in disease. Since its inception, the zebrafish model has relied on unique attributes such as the transparency of embryos, high fecundity and conservation with higher vertebrates, to perform phenotype-driven che...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20180335
更新日期:2019-02-28 00:00:00