Abstract：
:Rett syndrome is an autism spectrum disorder and a leading cause of severe mental retardation in girls. The nature of the cognitive abnormalities in Rett, as described in humans and other animal models, and its potential reversibility and treatment are the subject of this review. Rett syndrome is associated with severe mental retardation and a host of impairments that include social and motor deficits, and respiratory and bone abnormalities. More than 80% of Rett girls have mutations in the gene that encodes MeCP2, which is a protein with a complex set of functions that include transcriptional repression and activation. The complex phenotype associated with Rett and the knowledge of the causal genetic mutation provide a unique opportunity within the autism spectrum to explore the relationship between transcriptional control, brain abnormalities and specific behavioral functions, importantly the elusive cognitive dysfunctions associated with mental retardation. The nature of the cognitive abnormalities related to Rett and the potential reversibility and treatment of these abnormalities have not been studied as extensively as some of the other aspects of the Rett phenotype. The cognitive phenotype associated with Rett is also less well studied relative to that in other well known developmental disorders, such as Down syndrome and Fragile X. Nevertheless, some recent studies provide hope that the cognitive impairments, as well as other symptoms of Rett, can be rescued.
journal_name
Neurobiol Learn Memjournal_title
Neurobiology of learning and memoryauthors
Berger-Sweeney Jdoi
10.1016/j.nlm.2011.05.006subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-11-01 00:00:00pages
637-46issue
4eissn
1074-7427issn
1095-9564pii
S1074-7427(11)00097-9journal_volume
96pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis is capable of learning taste aversion by pairing presentations of a sucrose solution and an electric shock and consolidating it into long-term memory (LTM), which is referred to as conditioned taste aversion (CTA). We asked here if the neurotransmitter octopamine is involved in CTA. We...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2017.04.010
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Induction of long-term synaptic changes at one synapse can facilitate the induction of long-term plasticity at another synapse. Here we show that if Aplysia sensory neuron (SN) somata and their remote motor neuron (MN) synapses are simultaneously exposed to serotonin (5HT) pulses, which at either site alone are insuff...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/nlme.2002.4092
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adult male Wistar rats with a substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) lesion induced by intranigral administration of 1 micromol 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) were used as a model of early phase Parkinson's disease (PD). This lesion caused a partial depletion of striatal dopamine (DA). The animals w...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2004.06.006
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Memory consolidation is associated with sleep physiology but the contribution of specific sleep stages remains controversial. To clarify the contribution of REM sleep, participants were administered two REM sleep-sensitive tasks to determine if associated changes occurred only in REM sleep. Twenty-two participants (7 ...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2014.09.007
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several studies using inhibitory avoidance models have demonstrated the importance of limbic structures, such as the amygdala, dorsal hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex, in the consolidation of emotional memory. However, we aimed to investigate the role of the amygdala (AMG), dorsal hippocampus (DH) and medial p...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2016.01.012
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Down syndrome (DS) has an incidence of about 1/700 births, and is therefore the most common cause of cognitive and behavioral impairments in children. Recent studies on mouse models of DS indicate that a number of pharmacotherapies could be beneficial for restoring cognitive abilities in individuals with DS. Attention...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2014.10.002
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Research has shown that a single presentation of the conditioned stimulus prior to extinction training can diminish conditioned responses. However, replication has proven difficult and appears to be limited by boundary conditions. Here we tested the boundary condition of memory strength by comparing the effect of rein...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107285
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Addiction is increasingly discussed asa disorder of associative learning processes, with both operant and classical conditioning contributing to the development of maladaptive habits. Stress has long been known to promote drug taking and relapse and has further been shown to shift behavior from goal-directed actions t...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2017.09.003
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Numerous experiments using ex vivo electrophysiology suggest that mammalian learning and memory involves regulation of voltage-gated ion channels in terms of changes in function. Yet, little is known about learning-related regulation of voltage-gated ion channels in terms of changes in expression. In two experiments, ...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2017.05.009
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rodents exhibit neophobia for novel tastes, demonstrated by an initial reluctance to drink novel-tasting, potentially-aversive solutions. Taste neophobia attenuates across days if the solution is not aversive, demonstrated by increased consumption as the solution becomes familiar. This attenuation of taste neophobia i...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2018.12.009
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Physical exercise can improve cognitive functions and promote learning and memory, especially when performed in close temporal proximity to the encoding of information. This benefit may occur due to circulating stress hormones released in response to acute exercise. When administered after encoding, acute stress typic...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107252
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Viral infection during early stage of life influences brain development and results in several neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia, autism and behavioral abnormalities. However, the mechanism through which infection causes long-term behavioral defects is not well known. To elucidate this, we have used s...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2018.09.005
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evidence is reviewed that behavioral training and neural injury can engage metaplastic processes that regulate adaptive potential. This issue is explored within a model system that examines how training affects the capacity to learn within the lower (lumbosacral) spinal cord. Response-contingent (controllable) stimula...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2018.04.007
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuronal plasticity and neurogenesis occur in the adult hippocampus and in other brain structures such as the olfactory bulb and often involve the neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM. During an olfactory associative discrimination learning task, NCAM polysialylation triggers neuronal plasticity in the adult hippocampus...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2016.01.011
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The immunotoxin 192-saporin, infused intracerebroventricularly into rats, destroys cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain nuclei. Doses required for complete cholinergic loss also kill some Purkinje cells. The immunotoxin OX7-saporin, when infused intraventricularly into rats, destroys Purkinje cells in a pattern ...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/nlme.1998.3884
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with nonphysiologic overexpression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) exhibit various unnatural symptoms/dysfunctions. To overcome this issue, mice with single humanized App knock-in (KI) carrying Swedish (NL), Beyreuther/Iberian (F), and Arctic (G) mutations in diff...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2016.07.001
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The neurophysiological basis for context conditioning is conceptually problematic because neurophysiological descriptions of activity-dependent (associative) forms of neuronal plasticity uniformly assume that a specific temporal relationship between signals is necessary for memory induction. In the present experiments...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/nlme.1998.3890
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the marine snail Hermissenda, associative learning can be accomplished by paired presentations of light and vestibular stimulation. It is generally assumed that associative learning depends upon the intensity or salience of the conditioned or unconditioned stimulus (CS and US, respectively). Accordingly, during Her...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/nlme.1999.3938
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Both the acquisition and the extinction of memories leave short- and long-term mnemonic traces. Here, we show that in male Wistar rats, the short-term memory for a step-down inhibitory avoidance task (IA) is resistant to extinction, and that its expression does not influence retrieval or extinction of long-term memory...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2005.03.002
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Regional differences in large-scale connectivity have been proposed to underlie functional specialization along the anterior-posterior axis of the medial temporal lobe (MTL), including the hippocampus (HC) and the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG). However, it is unknown whether functional connectivity (FC) can be used reli...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2016.01.005
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two experiments investigated the potential facilitative effects of prior instructed awareness and predetermined learning criteria on humans' ability to make transitive inference (TI) judgments. Participants were first exposed to a learning phase and required to learn five premise pairs (A+B-, B+C-, C+D-, D+E-, E+F-). ...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2014.01.004
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Corticosterone (CORT), the predominant glucocorticoid in rodents, elevated for 21 days damages hippocampal subregion CA3. We tested the hypothesis that CORT would impair spatial memory, a hippocampal function. In each of the three experiments, rats received daily, subcutaneous injections of either CORT (26.8 mg/kg bod...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1074-7427(03)00019-4
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is unclear whether protein phosphatases, which counteract the actions of protein kinases, play a beneficial role in the formation and extinction of previously acquired fear memories. In this study, we investigated the role of the calcium/calmodulin dependent phosphatase 2B, also known as calcineurin (CaN) in the fo...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2007.08.003
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Temporal lobe epilepsy patients have demonstrated a relative preservation in the integrity of implicit memory procedures. We examined performance in a verbal implicit and explicit memory task in left anterior temporal lobectomy patients (LATL) and healthy normal controls (NCs) while undergoing fMRI. We hypothesized th...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2012.08.005
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Place navigation engrams acquired with intact brain can be retrieved with either eye and are stored in both hemispheres. The retrieval circuitry was examined by testing an overtrained rat under lidocaine inactivation of the hippocampus, visual cortex, and superior colliculus. Thirty-three hooded rats with implanted ca...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/nlme.1997.3771
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure to acute, inescapable stress produces a facilitation of subsequent classical eyeblink conditioning in male rats. The same stress exposure produces a profound deficit in classical eyeblink conditioning in females. Activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDAr) is necessary for the effect of stress on lea...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2009.08.002
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Repeated exposure to an auditory stimulus leads to habituation of the electrophysiological and immediate-early-gene (IEG) expression response in the auditory system. A novel auditory stimulus reinstates this response in a form of dishabituation. This has been interpreted as the start of new memory formation for this n...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2013.08.010
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autism Spectrum Disorders are a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders, with rising incidence but little effective therapeutic intervention available. Currently two main clinical features are described to diagnose ASDs: impaired social interaction and communication, and repetitive behaviors. Much work has...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2015.07.013
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although environmental enrichment improves spatial memory and alters synaptic plasticity in aged rodents, it is unclear whether all types of enrichment treatments yield similar benefits. The present study examined the effects in aged male mice of three types of enrichment on spatial memory in Morris water maze and rad...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2005.09.003
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of visual habituation in the study of infant cognition and learning is reviewed. This article traces the history of the technique, underlying theory, and procedural variation in its measurement. In addition, we review empirical findings with respect to the cognitive processes that presumably contribute to habi...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2008.06.002
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
