Abstract:
:The use of visual habituation in the study of infant cognition and learning is reviewed. This article traces the history of the technique, underlying theory, and procedural variation in its measurement. In addition, we review empirical findings with respect to the cognitive processes that presumably contribute to habituation, studies of developmental course and long-term prediction, as well as recent attempts to address or explain the phenomenon of visual habituation through the use of mathematical or quantitative models. The review ends with an appeal for a return to the study of habituation per se as a valid measure of infant learning, rather than relegating the phenomenon to its use as a technique for familiarizing infants in procedures testing for discrimination or recognition.
journal_name
Neurobiol Learn Memjournal_title
Neurobiology of learning and memoryauthors
Colombo J,Mitchell DWdoi
10.1016/j.nlm.2008.06.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-09-01 00:00:00pages
225-34issue
2eissn
1074-7427issn
1095-9564pii
S1074-7427(08)00105-6journal_volume
92pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Testosterone (T) may enhance cognitive performance. However, its mechanisms are not well understood. First, we hypothesized that if T's effects are mediated in part through actions of its 5alpha-reduced metabolites, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and/or 3alpha-androstanediol (3alpha-diol) in the hippocampus, then T, DHT, a...
journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2006.07.001
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several studies using inhibitory avoidance models have demonstrated the importance of limbic structures, such as the amygdala, dorsal hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex, in the consolidation of emotional memory. However, we aimed to investigate the role of the amygdala (AMG), dorsal hippocampus (DH) and medial p...
journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2016.01.012
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aging is associated with cognitive decline, specifically in episodic memory. However, there are large individual differences in the extent of this decline and previous research suggests that these are associated with differences in executive functioning (EF). These EF differences, and associated differences in the enc...
journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107251
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was undertaken to verify the effects of chronic stress and lithium treatments on the hippocampal Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity of rats, as well as to investigate the effects of stress interruption and post-stress lithium treatment on this enzyme activity and on spatial memory. Two experiments were carried out; i...
journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2005.05.002
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although tissue type plasminogen activator (tPA) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have been extensively described to influence brain outcomes in a number of disorders, their roles during physiological aging are poorly investigated. In the present study, we investigated whether maintenance of mice in differ...
journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2011.03.004
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Goal-directed navigation is believed to be the combined product of idiothetic and allothetic orientation. Although both navigation systems require the hippocampal formation, it is probable that different circuits implement them. Examination of Long-Evans rats with dentate gyrus lesions induced by neonatal X-ray irradi...
journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/nlme.2000.3975
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the marine snail Hermissenda, associative learning can be accomplished by paired presentations of light and vestibular stimulation. It is generally assumed that associative learning depends upon the intensity or salience of the conditioned or unconditioned stimulus (CS and US, respectively). Accordingly, during Her...
journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/nlme.1999.3938
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primary sensory cortical fields develop highly specific associative representational plasticity, notably enlarged area of representation of reinforced signal stimuli within their topographic maps. However, overtraining subjects after they have solved an instrumental task can reduce or eliminate the expansion while the...
journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2015.10.006
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Renewal, or reinstatement, of responding to food cues after extinction may explain the inability to resist palatable foods and change maladaptive eating habits. Previously, we found sex differences in context-dependent renewal of extinguished Pavlovian conditioned responding to food cues. Context-induced renewal invol...
journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2016.12.004
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats were trained to run on a staircase stopping on the 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 12th steps (correct responses). Stopping on any other step was considered an error. Acute administration of 0.5 mg/kg of arecoline 15 min before the trial improved behavior and 3.5 mg/kg of arecoline caused a reduction of correct responses. An ...
journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/nlme.1995.1017
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heart rate (HR) conditioning in rabbits is a widely used model of classical conditioning of autonomic responding that is noted for being similar to the development of conditioned heart rate slowing (bradycardia) in humans. We have shown previously that in addition to HR changes to a tone conditioned stimulus (CS), the...
journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2012.12.011
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of selective cholinergic cell loss within the basal forebrain (BF) were determined using a task that requires shifting of attention between two visual stimuli. Discriminability between two stimuli and response bias were determined in young and old F-344 rats given BF injections of IgG-192 saporin (100 ng)....
journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/nlme.1997.3768
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most models of human and animal learning assume that learning is proportional to the discrepancy between a delivered outcome and the outcome predicted by all cues present during that trial (i.e., total error across a stimulus compound). This total error reduction (TER) view has been implemented in connectionist and ar...
journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2013.07.018
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis is capable of learning taste aversion by pairing presentations of a sucrose solution and an electric shock and consolidating it into long-term memory (LTM), which is referred to as conditioned taste aversion (CTA). We asked here if the neurotransmitter octopamine is involved in CTA. We...
journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2017.04.010
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nicotine has been demonstrated to enhance learning processes. The present experiments extend these results to examine the effects of nicotine on acquisition and consolidation of contextual and cued fear conditioning, and the duration of nicotine's enhancement of conditioned fear. C57BL/6 mice were trained with two pai...
journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1074-7427(03)00057-1
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neurophysiological basis for context conditioning is conceptually problematic because neurophysiological descriptions of activity-dependent (associative) forms of neuronal plasticity uniformly assume that a specific temporal relationship between signals is necessary for memory induction. In the present experiments...
journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/nlme.1998.3890
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitric oxide (NO) is a highly labile chemical messenger which has previously been implicated in memory processes in a variety of learning paradigms and species. However, there is only limited evidence to suggest which enzymes are acted upon by NO during the formation of memory. The present study investigates the role ...
journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/nlme.2001.4021
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past several years, drug addiction has increasingly been accepted to be a disease of the brain as opposed to simply being due to a lack of willpower or personality flaw. Exposure to addictive substances has been shown to create enduring changes in brain structure and function that are thought to underlie the ...
journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2011.02.014
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Conditioning-specific reflex modification (CRM) of the rabbit's nictitating membrane response (NMR) involves changes in responding to an unconditioned stimulus (US) when the US is tested in the absence of the conditioned stimulus. Previous experiments have shown that CRM is a function of the type and intensity of the ...
journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2005.06.003
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies in rodents have demonstrated that glucocorticoids enhance memory consolidation but impair delayed memory retrieval. Similar findings have been reported in humans. Emotional items are better remembered than neutral items. However, it is unknown if emotional valence influences the effects of cortisol on retrieva...
journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2004.09.001
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent data have demonstrated a biochemical sequence of events in the rat hippocampus that is necessary for memory formation of inhibitory avoidance behavior. The sequence initially involves the activation of three different types of glutamate receptors followed by changes in second messengers and biochemical cascades...
journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1006/nlme.1997.3799
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In insects, cholinergic neurons are thought to transmit olfactory conditioned stimulus (CS) to the sites for associating the CS with unconditioned stimulus (US), but the types of acetylcholine (ACh) receptor used by neurons participating in the association have not been determined. In cockroaches, a type of nicotinic ...
journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2010.10.004
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cocaine experience affects motivation structures such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and its major output target, the ventral pallidum (VP). Previous studies demonstrated that both NAc activity and hedonic responses change reliably as a taste cue comes to predict cocaine availability. Here we extended this investigati...
journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2016.02.013
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spatial working memory and the ability of a cholinesterase inhibitor to enhance memory were assessed at 4, 10, and 16 months of ages in control and Ts65Dn mice, a partial trisomy model of Down syndrome, with possibly significant relationships to Alzheimer's disease as well. In addition, ACh release during memory testi...
journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2007.05.007
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Early life adverse events can lead to structural and functional impairments in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Here, we investigated whether maternal deprivation (MD) alters PFC-dependent executive functions, neurons and astrocytes number and synaptic plasticity in adult male Long-Evans rats. The deprivation protocol con...
journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2012.08.004
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sleep facilitates declarative memory processing. However, we know little about whether sleep plays a role in the processing of a fundamental feature of declarative memory, relational memory - the flexible representation of items not directly learned prior to sleep. Thirty-one healthy participants first learned at 12 p...
journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2010.02.003
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this review is to summarize the present knowledge on the interplay among the cholinergic system, Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK) and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathways in the development of short and long term memories during the acquisition and recall of the step-down inhibitory ...
journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2014.12.014
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cholinergic system has consistently been implicated in Pavlovian fear conditioning. Considerable work has been done to localize specific nicotinic receptor subtypes in the hippocampus and determine their functional importance; however, the specific function of many of these subtypes has yet to be determined. An al...
journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2006.11.001
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Corticosterone (CORT), the predominant glucocorticoid in rodents, elevated for 21 days damages hippocampal subregion CA3. We tested the hypothesis that CORT would impair spatial memory, a hippocampal function. In each of the three experiments, rats received daily, subcutaneous injections of either CORT (26.8 mg/kg bod...
journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1074-7427(03)00019-4
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rett syndrome is an autism spectrum disorder and a leading cause of severe mental retardation in girls. The nature of the cognitive abnormalities in Rett, as described in humans and other animal models, and its potential reversibility and treatment are the subject of this review. Rett syndrome is associated with sever...
journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2011.05.006
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00