Abstract：
:Over the past several years, drug addiction has increasingly been accepted to be a disease of the brain as opposed to simply being due to a lack of willpower or personality flaw. Exposure to addictive substances has been shown to create enduring changes in brain structure and function that are thought to underlie the transition to addiction. Specific genetic and environmental vulnerability factors also influence the impact of drugs of abuse on the brain and can enhance the likelihood of becoming an addict. Long-lasting alterations in brain function have been found in neural circuits that are known to be responsible for normal appetitive learning and memory processes and it has been hypothesized that drugs of abuse enhance positive learning and memory about the drug while inhibiting learning about the negative consequences of drug use. Therefore, the addict's behavior becomes increasingly directed towards obtaining and using drugs of abuse, while at the same time developing a poorer ability to stop using, even when the drug is less rewarding or interferes with functioning in other facets of life. In this review we will discuss the clinical evidence that addicted individuals have altered learning and memory and describe the possible neural substrates of this dysfunction. In addition, we will explore the pre-clinical evidence that drugs of abuse cause a progressive disorder of learning and memory, review the molecular and neurobiological changes that may underlie this disorder, determine the genetic and environmental factors that may increase vulnerability to addiction, and suggest potential strategies for treating addiction through manipulations of learning and memory.
journal_name
Neurobiol Learn Memjournal_title
Neurobiology of learning and memoryauthors
Torregrossa MM,Corlett PR,Taylor JRdoi
10.1016/j.nlm.2011.02.014subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-11-01 00:00:00pages
609-23issue
4eissn
1074-7427issn
1095-9564pii
S1074-7427(11)00049-9journal_volume
96pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Induction of long-term synaptic changes at one synapse can facilitate the induction of long-term plasticity at another synapse. Here we show that if Aplysia sensory neuron (SN) somata and their remote motor neuron (MN) synapses are simultaneously exposed to serotonin (5HT) pulses, which at either site alone are insuff...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/nlme.2002.4092
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Every learning event is embedded in a context, but not always does the context become an integral part of the memory; however, for extinction learning it usually does, resulting in context-specific conditioned responding. The neuronal mechanisms underlying contextual control have been mainly investigated for Pavlovian...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2017.05.012
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Regional differences in large-scale connectivity have been proposed to underlie functional specialization along the anterior-posterior axis of the medial temporal lobe (MTL), including the hippocampus (HC) and the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG). However, it is unknown whether functional connectivity (FC) can be used reli...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2016.01.005
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Extensive evidence indicates that benzodiazepine receptors in the amygdala are involved in regulating memory consolidation. Recent findings indicate that many other drugs and hormones influence memory through selective activation of the basolateral amygdala nucleus (BLA). This experiment examined whether the memory-mo...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/nlme.1999.3912
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous work done by our laboratory has demonstrated a reduction of the post-burst afterhyperpolarization (AHP) and accommodation following trace eyeblink conditioning in rabbit CA1 pyramidal neurons. Our laboratory has also demonstrated a reduction in the AHP in rat CA1 pyramidal neurons following spatial learning. ...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2007.07.002
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inappropriate defense-alerting reaction to fear is a common feature of neuropsychiatric diseases. Therefore, impairments in brain circuits, as well as in molecular pathways underlying the neurovegetative adjustments to fear may play an essential role on developing neuropsychiatric disorders. Here we tested the hypothe...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2015.11.012
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When trained to peck a selected position in a sagittally-oriented series of identical food containers, and then required to generalize to an identical series rotated by 90°, chicks identify as correct only the target position from the left end, while choosing the right one at chance. Here we show that when accustomed ...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2010.11.012
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is well established that D-cycloserine (DCS), a partial agonist of the NMDA receptor glycine site, enhances learning and memory processes. Although the effects of DCS have been especially elucidated in the extinction and reconsolidation of aversive behavioral paradigms or drug-related behaviors, they have not been ...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2012.11.003
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Enriched environment (EE) has an important role in the development and plasticity of the brain. In this study, we investigated the maintenance of early EE exposure-induced changes of spatial sensitivity, and the possible underlying mechanisms of this maintenance. We found that, compared with the age-matched control, t...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2010.08.008
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The therapeutic efficacy of the synthetic β-adrenergic receptor blocker, propranolol, for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is currently being debated. Mixed results have been published regarding propranolol's ability to disrupt the consolidation and reconsolidation of memories. Here, we use the i...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2018.01.010
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hippocampus is heavily involved in the learning and memory processes necessary to successfully encode environmental stimuli and representations over time. Impairment of hippocampal function is associated with numerous neuropsychiatric diseases and can lead to detriments in the quality of life. In order to take ful...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2015.08.002
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human drug addiction is a complex disorder, in which exogenous substances are able to recruit and maintain behaviors involved in drug taking. Many drugs that are addictive in humans are able to act on natural brain systems for learning and memory, and while many memory systems may be affected by addictive drugs, work ...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2014.11.007
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Differences in cytoarchitectural organization and connectivity distinguishes granular (or area 29, A29) and dysgranular (or area 30, A30) subdivisions of the retrosplenial cortex (RSC). Although increasing evidence supports the participation of RSC in contextual fear learning and memory, the contribution of each RSC s...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107229
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) affects numerous behavioral and physiological processes. Drugs that alter 5-HT signaling treat several major psychiatric disorders and may lead to widespread abuse. The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) in the midbrain provides a majority of 5-HT for the forebrain. T...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2016.08.008
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The protein product of the immediate-early gene, c-fos, was visualized immunocytochemically in forebrain neurons of gonadectomized male and female rats which were injected daily with testosterone propionate (TP) and either tested for mounting directed toward a sexually receptive female or left alone in a test arena. L...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/nlme.1995.1006
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Obesity is a worldwide epidemic that is increasing at an alarming rate. One of its causes is the increased availability and consumption of diets rich in fat. In the present study, we investigated the effects of short-term consumption of a high fat diet (HFD) on dietary preferences in Swiss CD1 mice and its relation in...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2013.10.018
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Formation of long-term memories requires coordinated gene expression, which can be regulated at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translational levels. Post-transcriptional stabilization and destabilization of mRNAs provides precise temporal and spatial regulation of gene expression, which is critical for con...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2015.08.004
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Drug abuse, overeating, and smoking are all examples of instrumental behaviors that often involve chains or sequences of behavior. A behavior chain is minimally composed of a procurement response that is required in order for a subsequent consumption response to be reinforced. Despite the translational importance of b...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2016.06.005
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been shown that the brain has its own intrinsic renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) is particularly interesting, because it appears to counterbalance most of the Ang II effects. Ang-(1-7) exerts its biological function through activation of the G-protein-coupled receptor Mas. Intere...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2011.10.003
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The current review provides a historical perspective on the evolution of hypothesized mechanisms for senescent neurophysiology, focused on the CA1 region of the hippocampus, and the relationship of senescent neurophysiology to impaired hippocampal-dependent memory. Senescent neurophysiology involves processes linked t...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107064
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spatial orientation is a cognitive ability that is indispensable for survival. Several visual distal cues present in the context can be integrated, establishing a cognitive map. Although there is cumulative evidence about the neural substrate involved in spatial memory acquisition, the brain networks mediating the pro...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107312
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rett syndrome is an autism spectrum disorder and a leading cause of severe mental retardation in girls. The nature of the cognitive abnormalities in Rett, as described in humans and other animal models, and its potential reversibility and treatment are the subject of this review. Rett syndrome is associated with sever...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2011.05.006
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study examined the effects of posttraining ethanol administration upon retention of an appetitive task using a variety of retention behaviors associated with the task. Male C57BL/6J mice were individually trained to find a cheese pellet placed in the corner of an open field. Five behavioral measures were u...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/nlme.2000.3960
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cue- and reward-evoked phasic dopamine activity during Pavlovian and operant conditioning paradigms is well correlated with reward-prediction errors from formal reinforcement learning models, which feature teaching signals in the form of discrepancies between actual and expected reward outcomes. Additionally, in learn...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2014.07.010
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human studies of sleep and cognition have established thatdifferent sleep stages contribute to distinct aspects of cognitive and emotional processing. However, since the majority of these findings are based on single-night studies, it is difficult to determine whether such effects arise due to individual, between-subj...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2016.07.032
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Performing sequences of movements is a ubiquitous skill that involves dopamine transmission. However, it is unclear which components of the dopamine system contribute to which aspects of motor sequence learning. Here we used a genetic approach to investigate the relationship between different components of the dopamin...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2015.09.009
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article argues both rapid eye movement (REM) and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep contribute to overnight episodic memory processes but their roles differ. Episodic memory may have evolved from memory for spatial navigation in animals and humans. Equally, mnemonic navigation in world and mental space may rely ...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2015.04.005
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Synaptic plasticity is subject to activity-dependent long-term modification (metaplasticity). We have recently described a novel form of heterosynaptic metaplasticity in hippocampal CA1, whereby 'priming' activity at one set of synapses confers a metaplastic state that inhibits subsequent LTP both within and between d...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2013.05.010
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Androgens can have performance-enhancing effects in some cognitive tasks, but the mechanism of these effects has not been established. Experiments examined whether androgens' actions to bind to intracellular androgen receptors (ARs) in the hippocampus are necessary to enhance cognitive performance in the inhibitory av...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2006.08.008
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Changes in the state of CREB phosphorylation and in LTP in the hippocampus have been associated with learning and memory. Here we show that galanin, the neuropeptide released in the hippocampal formation from cholinergic and noradrenergic fibers, that has been shown to produce impairments in memory consolidation in th...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2009.06.005
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
