Abstract：
:Most models of human and animal learning assume that learning is proportional to the discrepancy between a delivered outcome and the outcome predicted by all cues present during that trial (i.e., total error across a stimulus compound). This total error reduction (TER) view has been implemented in connectionist and artificial neural network models to describe the conditions under which weights between units change. Electrophysiological work has revealed that the activity of dopamine neurons is correlated with the total error signal in models of reward learning. Similar neural mechanisms presumably support fear conditioning, human contingency learning, and other types of learning. Using a computational modeling approach, we compared several TER models of associative learning to an alternative model that rejects the TER assumption in favor of local error reduction (LER), which assumes that learning about each cue is proportional to the discrepancy between the delivered outcome and the outcome predicted by that specific cue on that trial. The LER model provided a better fit to the reviewed data than the TER models. Given the superiority of the LER model with the present data sets, acceptance of TER should be tempered.
journal_name
Neurobiol Learn Memjournal_title
Neurobiology of learning and memoryauthors
Witnauer JE,Urcelay GP,Miller RRdoi
10.1016/j.nlm.2013.07.018subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-02-01 00:00:00pages
119-35eissn
1074-7427issn
1095-9564pii
S1074-7427(13)00131-7journal_volume
108pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Sign-tracking behavior, in which animals interact with a cue that predicts reward, provides an example of how incentive salience can be attributed to cues and elicit motivation. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) and ventral pallidum (VP) are two regions involved in cue-driven motivation. The VP, and NAc subregions including...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2019.05.001
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abstract：:Carriers of a FMR1 premutation allele (between 55 and 199 CGG repeats) are at risk of developing a wide range of medical, psychiatric and cognitive disorders, including executive dysfunction. These cognitive deficits are often less severe for female premutation carriers compared to male premutation carriers, albeit si...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
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abstract：:Most long-term memories are forgotten, becoming progressively less likely to be recalled. Still, some memory fragments may persist, as savings memory (easier relearning) can be detected long after recall has become impossible. What happens to a memory trace during forgetting that makes it inaccessible for recall and y...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
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journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
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abstract：:Primary sensory cortices have been assumed to serve as stimulus analyzers while cognitive functions such as learning and memory have been allocated to "higher" cortical areas. However, the primary auditory cortex (A1) is now known to encode the acquired significance of sound as indicated by associatively-induced speci...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
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abstract：:The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of slow-wave disruption on positive and negative word recognition in a sample of healthy control participants and those with major depressive disorder. Prior to sleep, participants learned a set of emotional and neutral words during an encoding task by responding wh...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
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journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2012.05.006
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2014.01.004
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
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journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2016.12.023
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/nlme.1995.1042
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journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2014.12.013
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journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
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journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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abstract：:Studies in rodents have demonstrated that glucocorticoids enhance memory consolidation but impair delayed memory retrieval. Similar findings have been reported in humans. Emotional items are better remembered than neutral items. However, it is unknown if emotional valence influences the effects of cortisol on retrieva...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is ongoing debate concerning whether new protein synthesis is necessary for, or even contributes to, memory formation and storage. This review summarizes a contemporary model proposing a role for altered protein synthesis in memory formation and its subsequent stabilization. One defining aspect of the model is t...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2007.08.009
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abstract：:Glucocorticoid receptor activation within the basolateral amygdala (BLA) during fear conditioning may mediate enhancement in rats chronically exposed to stress levels of corticosterone. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received corticosterone (400 microg/ml) in their drinking water (days 1-21), a manipulation that was previou...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2004.01.002
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
