Abstract:
:Cellular oxidative stress and energy failure were shown to be involved in Glutamate (L-Glu) neurotoxicity, whereas, acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) and ±DL-α-lipoic acid (LA) are known to be key players in the mitochondrial energy production. To evaluate the effects of the above antioxidants, adult rats were pretreated with ALCAR (100 mg/kg i.p for 21 days) and both ALCAR and LA (100 mg/kg i.p + 50 mg/kg i.p for 21 days), before stereotactically administering L-Glu bolus (1 μmole/1 μl) in the cerebral cortex. Results showed that acute L-Glu increased ROS (P < 0.001), LPO (P < 0.001), Ca(2+) (P < 0.001), TNF-α (P < 0.001), IFN-γ (P < 0.001), NO (P < 0.001) levels and mRNA expression of Caspase-3, Casapase-9, iNOS, and nNOS genes with respect to saline-injected control group. Key antioxidant parameters such as SOD, CAT, GSH, GR along with mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Ψ∆m) were decreased (P < 0.05), while ALCAR pretreatment prevented these effects by significantly inhibiting ROS (P < 0.001), LPO (P < 0.001), Ca(2+) (P < 0.05), TNF-α (P < 0.05), IFN-γ (P < 0.001), NO (P < 0.01) levels and expression of the above genes. This chronic pretreatment of ALCAR also increased SOD, CAT, GSH, GR, and Ψ∆m (P < 0.0.01, P < 0.0.01, P < 0.05, P < 0.05, and P < 0.001, respectively) with respect to L: -Glu group. The addition of LA to ALCAR resulted in further increases in CAT (P < 0.05), GSH (P < 0.01), GR (P < 0.05), Ψ∆m (P < 0.05) and additional decreases in ROS (P < 0.001), LPO (P < 0.05), Ca(2+) (P < 0.05), TNF-α (P < 0.05) and mRNA expression of iNOS and nNOS genes with respect to ALCAR group. Hence, this "one-two punch" of ALCAR + LA may help in ameliorating the deleterious cellular events that occur after L-Glu.
journal_name
Neurotox Resjournal_title
Neurotoxicity researchauthors
Nagesh Babu G,Kumar A,Singh RLdoi
10.1007/s12640-010-9165-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-02-01 00:00:00pages
319-29issue
2eissn
1029-8428issn
1476-3524journal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The author group has previously established an in vivo subchronic cigarette smoke (CS) exposure rat model, in which the systemic oxidative burden as well as the modulation of local anti-oxidative enzymes in the lung has been demonstrated. Oxidative stress has been shown to induce pro-inflammatory cytokine release, inc...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-011-9301-8
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation is considered as a major regulator of cell death in various pathophysiological conditions, however, no direct information is available about its role in chronic hypoperfusion-induced neuronal death. Here, we provide evidence for the protective effect of PARP inhibition on ...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-009-9049-6
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Impulse control disorders (ICDs) comprise a wide spectrum of abnormal behaviors frequently found in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) receiving antiparkinsonian treatment. Some ICDs share several essential features with substance use disorders. In this work, we have studied the addiction-related gene ankyrin repe...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1007/s12640-014-9504-x
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prenatal glucocorticoid (GC) overexposure impacts fetal hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs) and increases the risk for relative cognitive and mood disorders in offspring. However, the precise underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we treated mouse hippocampal NSCs with dexamethasone (DEX) in vitro and found that...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-020-00294-x
更新日期:2020-10-06 00:00:00
abstract::Local anesthetics effectively block and relieve pain, but with a relatively short duration of action, limiting its analgesic effectiveness. Therefore, a long-acting local anesthetic would improve the management of pain, but no such agent is yet available for clinical use. The aim of this study is to evaluate the poten...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s12640-009-9092-3
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nucleus accumbens (Nacc) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) receive dopaminergic innervation from the ventral tegmental area and are involved in learning. Male rats with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced dopaminergic and noradrenergic reductions in the Nacc or mPFC were tested for allocentric and egocentric lear...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-016-9616-6
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) has been used clinically since 1980, with an ever-increasing range of clinical applications. This has coincided with a period of massively expanded interest in the underlying biology of the neurotoxin. Tremendous advances have taken place in the scientific understanding of neurotoxin struct...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF03033931
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myelin abnormalities, oligodendrocyte damage, and concomitant glia activation are common characteristics of demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system. Administration of the neurotoxicant cuprizone (CPZ) has been extensively used to establish a reproducible mouse model of demyelination. However, its effects ...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-019-00154-3
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Environmental factors and endogenously produced toxins, such as 1-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (1BnTIQ), are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, we investigated the impact of single and multiple 1BnTIQ (25 and 50 mg/kg i.p.) administration on L-DOPA-induce...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-014-9476-x
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Few studies have been undertaken on the relationship of the structure of flavones and neuroprotection. Previously, we described the structural determinants of the neuroprotective activity of some natural flavones in cerebellar granule neurons in culture against an oxidative insult (H2O2). In the present work, we analy...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-014-9483-y
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the present studies was to evaluate cocaine-induced changes in the concentrations of different redox forms of cysteine (Cys) and homocysteine (Hcy), and products of anaerobic Cys metabolism, i.e., labile, reduced sulfur (LS) in the rat plasma. The above-mentioned parameters were determined after i.p. acute ...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-013-9403-6
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the slowly progressive neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease very different neuronal populations undergo degenerative processes, although the cascades of cellular events leading to death are supposed to be similar. We suggest that the complex pattern of degeneration in Parkins...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03033793
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methylglyoxal (MG) is formed during normal metabolism by processes like glycolysis, lipid peroxidation, and threonine catabolism, and its accumulation is associated with various degenerative diseases, such as diabetes and arterial atherogenesis. Furthermore, MG has also been reported to have toxic effects on hippocamp...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-015-9588-y
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rate of mitosis of cancer cells is significantly higher than normal primary cells with increased metabolic needs, which in turn enhances the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Higher ROS production is known to increase cancer cell dependence on ROS scavenging systems to counteract the increase...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-019-0009-5
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study shows effects of the nonselective adenosine A1/A2A receptor antagonist caffeine and the selective A2A receptor antagonist KW6002 on LPS-induced changes in the extracellular levels of dopamine (DA), glutamate, adenosine, hydroxyl radical, and A2A receptor density in the rat striatum. Intrastriatal LPS (10 μg)...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-012-9372-1
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The main pathochemical hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the loss of dopamine in the striatum of the brain, and the oral administration of levodopa (L-dopa) is a treatment that partially restores the dopaminergic transmission. In vitro assays have demonstrated both toxic and protective effects of L-dopa on dopam...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-014-9495-7
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sigma1 receptor (σ1R) is a chaperone protein residing at mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAMs), where it modulates Ca2+ exchange between the ER and mitochondria by interacting with inositol-1,4,5 trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs). The σ1R is highly expressed in the central nervous syste...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-017-9838-2
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kernicterus is a neurological syndrome associated with indirect bilirubin accumulation and damages to the basal ganglia, cerebellum and brain stem nuclei particularly the cochlear nucleus. To mimic haemolysis in a rat model such that it was similar to what is observed in a preterm human, we injected phenylhydrazine in...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-016-9599-3
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::High-level occupational exposure to volatile organic solvents may elicit neurotoxic effects, especially on central and peripheral structures involved in balance ability. Studies on balance control in relation with exposure levels close to the threshold limit values are scarce. This study aimed to assess the neurotoxic...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-009-9018-0
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microglia are innate immune system cells which reside in the central nervous system (CNS). Resting microglia regulate the homeostasis of the CNS via phagocytic activity to clear pathogens and cell debris. Sometimes, however, to protect neurons and fight invading pathogens, resting microglia transform to an activated-f...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s12640-019-00030-0
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mercury is a toxic metal shown to have harmful effects on human health. Several studies have reported high blood mercury concentrations as a risk factor for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), while other studies have reported no such association. The goal of this study was to investigate the association between blood m...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-012-9321-z
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Functional role(s) for the common neurotrophin receptor p75NTR in nerve growth factor (NGF) signaling have yet to be fully elucidated. Many studies have demonstrated that p75NTR can enhance nerve growth factor-induced survival mediated via the trkA receptor. In addition, newly identified pathways for p75NTR signaling ...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03033205
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Propofol and sevoflurane are commonly used drugs in pediatric anesthesia. Exposure of newborn rats to a variety of anesthetics has been shown to induce apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing brain. Newborn Wistar rats were treated with repeated intraperitoneal injections of propofol or sevoflurane inhalation an...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-009-9063-8
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methamphetamine (METH) is an illicit drug that is also neurotoxic. Recent studies suggest that in addition to dopamine terminal degeneration in the striatum, METH causes apoptosis in cortical neurons. Earlier, we showed that c-fos knockout mice are more susceptible to the toxic effects of the drug. In order to identif...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/1029842021000045453
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epileptic seizures in diabetic hyperglycemia (DH) are not uncommon. This study aimed to determine the acute behavioral, pathological, and electrophysiological effects of status epilepticus (SE) on diabetic animals. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were first divided into groups with and without streptozotocin (STZ)-indu...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-009-9008-2
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reoccurring seasonal cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CHABs) persist in many waters, and recent work has shown links between CHAB and elevated risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Quantifying the exposure levels of CHAB as a potential risk factor for ALS is complicated by human mobility, potential pathways...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-017-9740-y
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::U373MG cells are able to take up aminochrome that induces glutathione transferase M2-2 (GSTM2) expression in a concentration-dependent manner where 100 µM aminochrome increases GSTM2 expression by 2.1-fold (P < 0.001) at 3 h. The uptake of (3)H-aminochrome into U373MG cells was significantly reduced in the presence of...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-014-9500-1
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa) remains the most effective drug for therapy of Parkinson's disease (PD); however, long-term use of it causes serious side effects. L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) has consistently been related to L-dopa-derived excessive dopamine release, but the mechanisms have not been addressed...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-016-9686-5
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alzheimer disease (AD) is a major cause of dementia. Several mechanisms have been postulated to explain its pathogenesis, beta-amyloid (A beta toxicity, cholinergic dysfunction, Tau hyper-phosphorylation, oxidative damage, synaptic dysfunction and inflammation secondary to senile plaques, among others. Glial cells are...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF03033906
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The expanding arsenal of transgenic mice has created a powerful tool for investigating the biological mechanisms involved in ototoxicity. However, cisplatin ototoxicity is difficult to investigate in mice because of their small size and vulnerability to death by nephrotoxicity. To overcome this problem, we developed a...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-011-9244-0
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00