Abstract：
:Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) has been used clinically since 1980, with an ever-increasing range of clinical applications. This has coincided with a period of massively expanded interest in the underlying biology of the neurotoxin. Tremendous advances have taken place in the scientific understanding of neurotoxin structure and function since the description of their endopeptidase activity in 1992. These developments have led to an increased understanding of the mechanisms underpinning the clinical use of the neurotoxins and also in the technologies available to support their clinical use. The expanding range of clinical applications, and use in increasing doses, has also generated challenges for the clinicians and manufacturers of BoNT preparations to ensure continuing efficacy and safety margins for these new clinical settings. To date the increased clinical use of BoNTs has occurred largely empirically, and not by application of the recent insights into neurotoxin structure and function. With the increased knowledge regarding the biology of the neurotoxins, however, there is the opportunity to select preferred forms of the toxin for particular clinical applications and even to consider engineering the neurotoxins to produce modified products more suited to specific clinical applications. These developments and opportunities that have arisen, particularly over the last decade, emphasise the increasing need to maintain an active two way dialogue between clinicians and basic scientists to ensure that the advances in the laboratory are translated into clinical benefit and that the clinical developments in use of neurotoxin are supported by the scientific research activity. This article is based upon presentations given in a workshop at the 5th International Conference on Basic and Therapeutic Aspects of Botulinum and Tetanus Toxin in Denver in June, 2005 seeking to address issues relating to the laboratory/clinic interface.
journal_name
Neurotox Resjournal_title
Neurotoxicity researchauthors
Foster KA,Bigalke H,Aoki KRdoi
10.1007/BF03033931subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-04-01 00:00:00pages
133-40issue
2-3eissn
1029-8428issn
1476-3524journal_volume
9pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Environmental factors and endogenously produced toxins, such as 1-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (1BnTIQ), are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, we investigated the impact of single and multiple 1BnTIQ (25 and 50 mg/kg i.p.) administration on L-DOPA-induce...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-014-9476-x
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:GSK3beta is prominent for its role in apoptosis signaling and has been shown to be involved in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. The overall effects of GSK3beta activity on cell fate are well-established, but the effects of mitochondrial GSK3beta activity on mitochondrial function and cell fate are unknown. Here ...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF03033861
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aluminum (Al), a known neurotoxin, has been implicated in Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Parkinsonism Dementia Complex, etc., and it causes extensive damage to the nervous system, including the impairment of learning and memory. However, to date, the mechanism of Al neurotoxicity has no...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
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doi：10.1007/BF03033913
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alzheimer's disease is an age-related neurodegenerative disease, associated with the presence of extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Although the pathogenesis of AD remains unclear, the characteristic feature of AD was reported to be the buildup of Aβ plaques. In this study, we extensivel...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-020-00321-x
更新日期：2021-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：:U373MG cells are able to take up aminochrome that induces glutathione transferase M2-2 (GSTM2) expression in a concentration-dependent manner where 100 µM aminochrome increases GSTM2 expression by 2.1-fold (P < 0.001) at 3 h. The uptake of (3)H-aminochrome into U373MG cells was significantly reduced in the presence of...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-014-9500-1
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although a requirement of zinc (Zn) for normal brain development is well documented, the extent to which Zn can modulate neuronal proliferation and apoptosis is not clear. Thus, we investigated the role of Zn in the regulation of these two critical events. A low Zn availability leads to decreased cell viability in hum...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
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doi：10.1007/s12640-009-9067-4
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We show for the first time that a newly developed polyclonal antibody (pAb) can specifically target the cyanotoxin β-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) and can be used to enable direct visualization of BMAA entry and accumulation in primary brain cells. We used this pAb to investigate the effect of acute and chronic accumul...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
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abstract：:Reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction contributes to the neurotoxicity of 1-methy-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)). Increasing studies have shown that hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) is an endogenous antioxidant gas. We have hypothesized that MPP(+)-caused neurotoxicity may involve the imbalance of proportion to this e...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
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更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
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doi：10.1007/s12640-020-00233-w
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microglia are innate immune system cells which reside in the central nervous system (CNS). Resting microglia regulate the homeostasis of the CNS via phagocytic activity to clear pathogens and cell debris. Sometimes, however, to protect neurons and fight invading pathogens, resting microglia transform to an activated-f...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12640-019-00030-0
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Synthetic cathinones appeared on the market in the 2000s as new psychoactive substances and gained significant prevalence among drug abusers. Cathinones produce psychostimulant and empathogenic effects by enhancing dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and serotoninergic neurotransmission in the brain, and those which potently...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-021-00329-x
更新日期：2021-01-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), an active metabolite of vitamin D3, besides the role in calcium and phosphorus metabolism, plays a role in maintaining the functions of the brain. Active forms of vitamin D3 stimulate neurotrophic factors' expression, regulate brain immune processes, and prevent neuronal damage. ...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-016-9652-2
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-019-00144-5
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Methamphetamine (METH) is an illicit drug that is also neurotoxic. Recent studies suggest that in addition to dopamine terminal degeneration in the striatum, METH causes apoptosis in cortical neurons. Earlier, we showed that c-fos knockout mice are more susceptible to the toxic effects of the drug. In order to identif...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/1029842021000045453
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
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doi：10.1007/s12640-012-9362-3
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF03033979
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-014-9460-5
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF03033188
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
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更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
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journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-009-9125-y
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-012-9321-z
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Parkinson's disease (PD) represents one of the neurodegenerative disorders which are caused by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway. Different toxins, e.g., 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), are used to model PD in animals. 6-OHDA is a neurotoxin which damages catecholaminergic neurons via produ...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ketamine is widely used as an anesthetic in pediatric clinical practice. However, numerous studies have reported that exposure to ketamine during the developmental period induces neurotoxicity. Here we investigate the neuroprotective effects of baicalin, a natural flavonoid compound, against ketamine-induced apoptotic...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-016-9611-y
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hyperphosphorylated tau is an important pathological agent in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Tau effluxes from the brain to the blood could potentially stimulate the production of naturally occurring antibodies (NAbs). We aimed to investigate whether NAbs to tau (NAbs-tau) was generated in human blood and to figure out the...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-020-00161-9
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-010-9228-5
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mercury is a ubiquitous contaminant, and a range of chemical species is generated by human activity and natural environmental change. Elemental mercury and its inorganic and organic compounds have different toxic properties, but all them are considered hazardous in human exposure. In an equimolecular exposure basis, o...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF03033386
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Depression is a highly prevalent and debilitating non-motor symptom observed during the early stages of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although PD prevalence is higher in men, the depressive symptoms in PD are more common in women. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the development of anhedonic- and depres...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-018-9912-4
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
