Abstract:
:Mercury is a ubiquitous contaminant, and a range of chemical species is generated by human activity and natural environmental change. Elemental mercury and its inorganic and organic compounds have different toxic properties, but all them are considered hazardous in human exposure. In an equimolecular exposure basis, organomercurials with a short aliphatic chain are the most harmful compounds and they may cause irreversible damage to the nervous system. Methylmercury (CH(3)Hg(+)) is the most studied following the neurotoxic outbreaks identified as Minamata disease and the Iraq poisoning. The first description of the CNS pathology dates from 1954. Since then, the clinical neurology, the neuropathology and the mechanisms of neurotoxicity of organomercurials have been widely studied. The high thiol reactivity of CH(3)Hg(+), as well as all mercury compounds, has been suggested to be the basis of their harmful biological effects. However, there is clear selectivity of CH(3)Hg(+) for specific cell types and brain structures, which is not yet fully understood. The main mechanisms involved are inhibition of protein synthesis, microtubule disruption, increase of intracellular Ca(2+) with disturbance of neurotransmitter function, oxidative stress and triggering of excitotoxicity mechanisms. The effects are more damaging during CNS development, leading to alterations of the structure and functionality of the nervous system. The major source of CH(3)Hg(+) exposure is the consumption of fish and, therefore, its intake is practically unavoidable. The present concern is on the study of the effects of low level exposure to CH(3)Hg(+) on human neurodevelopment, with a view to establishing a safe daily intake. Recommendations are 0.4 micro g/kg body weight/day by the WHO and US FDA and, recently, 0.1 micro g/kg body weight/day by the US EPA. Unfortunately, these levels are easily attained with few meals of fish per week, depending on the source of the fish and its position in the food chain.
journal_name
Neurotox Resjournal_title
Neurotoxicity researchauthors
Sanfeliu C,Sebastià J,Cristòfol R,Rodríguez-Farré Edoi
10.1007/BF03033386keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-01-01 00:00:00pages
283-305issue
4eissn
1029-8428issn
1476-3524journal_volume
5pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction contributes to the neurotoxicity of 1-methy-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)). Increasing studies have shown that hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) is an endogenous antioxidant gas. We have hypothesized that MPP(+)-caused neurotoxicity may involve the imbalance of proportion to this e...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-010-9180-4
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parkinson's disease is a slowly progressing disease, due to a lesion of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and a dramatic loss of dopamine in the striatum. It is now accepted that several environmental agents including the herbicide paraquat (PQ) may contribute to its pathogenesis. However, till now nothing ...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-010-9153-7
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammation can cause memory impairment. In the present study, the effect of carvacrol on brain tissue inflammation and oxidative stress as well as learning and memory in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged rats was evaluated. The animals were grouped and treated: (1) control which received vehicle instead of LPS and...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-019-00144-5
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the authors has incorrect family name spelling in the original article. Michael Ashner should read as Michael Aschner. ...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.1007/s12640-019-00153-4
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mitochondrial toxin, 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP), produces motor dysfunction and striatal atrophy in rats. However, rat strain and method of administration may contribute to variability in the deficits caused by 3-NP toxicity. To evaluate this, changes in nocturnal spontaneous locomotor activity from chronic admi...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03033979
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Salsolinol (6,7-dihydroxy-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline), widely available in many edibles, is considered to alter the function of dopaminergic neurons in the central nervous system and thus, multiple hypotheses on its either physiological and/or pathophysiological role have emerged. The aim of our work was ...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-019-00118-7
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alzheimer's disease is an age-related neurodegenerative disease, associated with the presence of extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Although the pathogenesis of AD remains unclear, the characteristic feature of AD was reported to be the buildup of Aβ plaques. In this study, we extensivel...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-020-00321-x
更新日期:2021-01-05 00:00:00
abstract::Aluminum-induced neuronal injury has been implicated in various neurodegenerative disorders. However, the underlying mechanism involved in this pathogenesis still remains unknown. Our present findings demonstrated that chronic aluminum exposure resulted in spatial learning impairment and significantly increased intrac...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-013-9451-y
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Local anesthetics effectively block and relieve pain, but with a relatively short duration of action, limiting its analgesic effectiveness. Therefore, a long-acting local anesthetic would improve the management of pain, but no such agent is yet available for clinical use. The aim of this study is to evaluate the poten...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s12640-009-9092-3
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This commentary serves as an introduction to the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique called diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) employed in the study by Arab et al. in the present issue of Neurotoxicology Research. In their study, DKI is employed for longitudinal investigation of a methamphetamine intoxication mod...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-019-00100-3
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mercury is a toxic metal shown to have harmful effects on human health. Several studies have reported high blood mercury concentrations as a risk factor for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), while other studies have reported no such association. The goal of this study was to investigate the association between blood m...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-012-9321-z
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rate of mitosis of cancer cells is significantly higher than normal primary cells with increased metabolic needs, which in turn enhances the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Higher ROS production is known to increase cancer cell dependence on ROS scavenging systems to counteract the increase...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-019-0009-5
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), an active metabolite of vitamin D3, besides the role in calcium and phosphorus metabolism, plays a role in maintaining the functions of the brain. Active forms of vitamin D3 stimulate neurotrophic factors' expression, regulate brain immune processes, and prevent neuronal damage. ...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-016-9652-2
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Levetiracetam (LVT) is a relatively novel antiepileptic drug (AED) known to act through binding with the synaptic vesicular 2A (SV2A) protein, thus modulating the presynaptic neurotransmitter release. The tryptophan metabolite quinolinic acid (QUIN) acts as an excitotoxin when its brain concentrations reach toxic leve...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-017-9836-4
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to determine whether exposure to an extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF, 50 Hz) affects the outcome of postischemic damage in the hippocampus of Mongolian gerbils. After 10-min bilateral carotid occlusion, the gerbils were continuously exposed to ELF-MF (average magnetic induct...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-012-9333-8
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hippocampus plays an important role in memory, mood, and spatial navigation. In the dentate gyrus of the adult hippocampus, in the subgranular zone (SGZ), new cells are generated, which differentiate and mature into new neurons. Cisplatin, a highly effective antineoplastic drug with nephrotoxic and ototoxic side e...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-014-9503-y
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Early-life stress is a potent risk factor for development of psychiatric conditions such as depression. The underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we used the early-life social isolation (ESI) model of early-life stress in rats to characterize development of depressive-like behavior, the role of microgl...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-016-9696-3
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), a cholesterol chelator, is being used to treat diseases associated with abnormal cholesterol metabolism such as Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1). However, the high doses of HPβCD needed to slow disease progression may cause hearing loss. Previous studies in mice have suggested that HPβCD ...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-020-00252-7
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cytotoxic effects of methamphetamine (MA) are well established to be caused via induced oxidative stress which in turn compromises the core function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by reducing its ability to regulate the homeostatic environment of the brain. While most studies were conducted over a period of 24-4...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-015-9520-5
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The senile plaques (SPs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are the two major pathological hallmarks of AD, which are composed of β-amyloid protein and Tau protein. So the β-amyloid protein (Aβ) and Tau oligomers (oTau) are the majority in the pathology of AD. Recently, the spreading of Aβ and oTau in the brain of AD ...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s12640-017-9765-2
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The original version of this article contained mistakes, and the authors would like to correct them. Some parts of the image in Figure 5 were missing. The correct Figure 5 is shown at the next page. ...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1007/s12640-018-9982-3
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In preterm infants, phenobarbital is the first-line antiepileptic drug for neonatal seizures while caffeine is used for the treatment of apnea. Data from experimental animals suggest that phenobarbital and other anticonvulsants are toxic for the developing brain, while neuroprotective effects have been reported for ca...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-018-9872-8
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Benzophenone-3 (BP-3), the most widely used UV chemical filter, is absorbed well through the skin and gastrointestinal tract and can affect some body functions, including the survival of nerve cells. Previously, we showed that BP-3 evoked a neurotoxic effect in male rats, but since the effects of this compound are kno...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-020-00163-7
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effects of chemotherapeutics on glioma cell lines and spheroids are usually investigated without evaluating the effects of chemotherapeutics on normal brain tissue. To perform such investigations, the aim of this study was to establish a panel of markers for detection of general cell death and more specific neuronal a...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-011-9300-9
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Propofol and sevoflurane are commonly used drugs in pediatric anesthesia. Exposure of newborn rats to a variety of anesthetics has been shown to induce apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing brain. Newborn Wistar rats were treated with repeated intraperitoneal injections of propofol or sevoflurane inhalation an...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-009-9063-8
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accumulating data support axonal degeneration as the major determinant of irreversible neurological disability in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The extent of axonal injury correlates with the degree of inflammation in active MS lesions and occurs at early stages of disease, indicating that inflammatory demyel...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03033380
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been shown that a decreased vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) function and the disruption of dopamine (DA) storage is an early contributor to oxidative damage of dopamine neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). In our previous study, we demonstrated that adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonists suppressed oxidat...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-012-9316-9
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuronal degeneration observed in the goldfish retina after MPTP administration, displays features of apoptosis, a physiological mechanism of cell death that occurs during development. The ultrastructural features of degenerating retinal neurons, that are seen in the inner nuclear layer two days after intravitreal MPT...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03033264
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Depression is common in patients with schizophrenia and it is well established from family studies that rates of depression are increased among relatives of probands with schizophrenia, making it likely that the phenotypes described under the categories of affective and non-affective psychoses share some genetic risk ...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03033484
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against neurotoxin of Clostridium tetani are considered as a novel source of immunoglobulins for passive immunotherapy of tetanus. Toxin neutralization is classically attributed to the Fab and F(ab')2 fragments of antibodies. Herein, we generated Fab and F(ab')2 fragments of thre...
journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12640-019-00124-9
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00