Abstract:
:An early step in mammalian fertilization is species-restricted binding of sperm to the egg's zona pellucida (ZP), a thick extracellular coat that surrounds eggs. Sperm bind to the ZP of unfertilized eggs, but not to the ZP of fertilized eggs. Shortly after binding to the unfertilized egg ZP, sperm undergo the acrosome reaction, a form of cellular exocytosis that enables sperm to penetrate the ZP. Three glycoproteins, mZP1-3, constitute the mouse egg's ZP and participate in the process of fertilization. For example, sperm exposed to unfertilized egg mZP3 at nanomolar concentrations are inhibited from binding to eggs and undergo the acrosome reaction. Neither mZP1 nor mZP2 has an effect on sperm binding or the acrosome reaction. Furthermore, mZP3 from fertilized eggs has no effect on sperm binding and is unable to induce the acrosome reaction. These and other properties of mZP3 suggest that it is a receptor for sperm and inducer of the acrosome reaction. Mapping of the mZP3 combining-site for sperm suggests that it is located near the C-terminus of the polypeptide, just downstream of the ZP domain, in a region encoded by exon-7 of the mZP3 gene. This region of mZP3 is a site of positive Darwinian selection. When mZP3 exon-7 is fused to the Fc fragment of human IgG and sperm exposed to the chimeric protein, sperm are inhibited from binding to eggs. However, the chimeric protein does not induce the acrosome reaction. Therefore, polypeptide encoded by mZP3 exon-7 is necessary and sufficient for binding of mouse sperm.
journal_name
Mol Reprod Devjournal_title
Molecular reproduction and developmentauthors
Litscher ES,Williams Z,Wassarman PMdoi
10.1002/mrd.21046subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-10-01 00:00:00pages
933-41issue
10eissn
1040-452Xissn
1098-2795journal_volume
76pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::For mammalian organism, fertilization begins with species-specific recognition between sperm and egg, a process depending upon egg zona pellucida glycoproteins and putative sperm interacting protein(s). In mouse, zona pellucida glycoprotein ZP3 is believed to be the primary receptor for sperm and inducer of sperm acro...
journal_title:Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mrd.20705
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nuclear transplantation studies demonstrated the importance of paternal contribution to embryogenesis. Paternal treatment with agents like cyclophosphamide and 5-azacytidine has been shown to cause an increase in pre-implantation loss (PIL) and post-implantation loss (POL). Studies from our laboratory have shown that ...
journal_title:Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mrd.20159
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The formation of cell membrane following CSF-1 stimulation of a macrophage cell line is coordinated with cell cycle progression. The majority of membrane phospholipid accumulates during the S phase and results from cell-cycle dependent oscillations in the rates of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis and degradation. Both...
journal_title:Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199701)46:1<24::AID-MRD5>3
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A spontaneously established porcine granulosa cell line (PGC-2) was cloned through the continuous culturing of primary granulosa cells collected from equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG)-treated prepubertal gilts. This established cell line has undergone approximately 100 passages and shows contact-inhibition of growth...
journal_title:Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199611)45:3<299::AID-MRD6>
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::EPPIN (epididymal protease inhibitor; SPINLW1), an antimicrobial cysteine-rich protein containing both Kunitz and whey acidic protein (WAP)-type four disulfide core protease inhibitor consensus sequences, is a target for male contraception because of its critical role in sperm motility. Here, we characterized EPPIN's ...
journal_title:Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mrd.22119
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Centrosome reduction during spermiogenesis has been studied using anti-gamma-tubulin and anti-centrin antibodies and electron microscopy in nonhuman primates. Rhesus spermatids possess apparently normal centrosomes comprising a pair of centrioles associated with gamma-tubulin and centrin. However, they do not nucleate...
journal_title:Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1098-2795(200008)56:4<502::AID-MRD8>3.0.CO
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells are used widely as a model system for studying the expression of developmentally regulated genes, in particular genes that are regulated at the transcriptional level when EC cells differentiate. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms that govern the transcription of the fibrobla...
journal_title:Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199810)51:2<218::AID-MRD12
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is an important assisted reproductive technology (ART). Due to deployment difficulties and low efficiency of the earlier (conventional) version of ICSI, especially in the mouse, a piezo-assisted ICSI technique had evolved as a popular ART methodology in recent years. An importan...
journal_title:Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mrd.20919
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Under the influence of gonadotropins or growth factors, a close cooperation develops between cumulus cells and the oocyte that is implicated in transmitting signals involved in maintaining or releasing the meiotic arrest in the oocyte. While cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate (cAMP) is a key molecule in maintaining the...
journal_title:Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/mrd.21332
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In mammals, the nucleolus of full-grown oocyte is essential for embryonic development but not for oocyte maturation. In our study, the role of the growing oocyte nucleolus in oocyte maturation was examined by nucleolus removal and/or transfer into previously enucleolated, growing (around 100 µm in diameter) or full-gr...
journal_title:Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mrd.21320
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several proteins with phosphorylated tyrosine residues have been shown to be closely involved in the control meiotic nuclear division. We identified a 42-kD protein in pig oocytes, using a polyclonal antibody to a synthetic phosphotyrosine construct that increases significantly in amount after 12 hr of maturation cult...
journal_title:Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199607)44:3<408::AID-MRD14
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to nickel has been shown to cause damage to the testis in several animal models. It is not known if the testis expresses protein(s) that can bind nickel. To test this, we used a nickel-binding assay to isolate testicular nickel-binding proteins. We identified glutamate-ammonia ligase (GLUL) as a prominent nic...
journal_title:Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mrd.21275
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The homeobox-containing gene family plays a pivotal role in regulating, patterning, and axial morphogenesis in the developing embryo. But there is still very little known about the expression and function of these genes in mammalian oocytes and preimplantation stage embryos. In this study we have used degenerate prime...
journal_title:Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mrd.1091
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::It was reported that a hamster protein, called "oscillin," with a sequence related to that of an Escherichia coli GNPDA triggered Ca(2+) oscillations in mammalian oocytes when introduced into their cytoplasm upon fertilization. Recently, it was shown that GNPDA/oscillin is ubiquitously expressed in rat tissues and tha...
journal_title:Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1098-2795(200007)56:3<424::AID-MRD13>3.0.C
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infusion of seminal plasma in the uterus is known to elicit an instant inflammatory response in the porcine uterus, but whether or not it prepares a uterine immunological response to the presence of conceptuses is not well understood. Seminal plasma induced long-term modulatory effects and conceptus-induced immune cha...
journal_title:Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mrd.22297
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mouse and rabbit preimplantation embryos with intact zona pellucida were incubated for 3 hr with DNA-carrying constructs containing insulin as an internalizable ligand: (insulin-polylysine)-DNA and (insulin-polylysine)-DNA-(streptavidin-polylysine)-(biotinylated adenovirus). Video-intensified microscopy demonstrated t...
journal_title:Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199910)54:2<112::AID-MRD2>
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Testis-specific protein kinases are important because of their potential role in spermiogenesis, sperm maturation, and sperm function. In the present study, a novel serine-threonine kinase with high identity to human serine-threonine kinase 31 (STK31) was cloned from equine testis and expression of the protein was cha...
journal_title:Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mrd.20792
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Formation and maintenance of testis cords during embryogenesis are essential for establishing testicular structure and function in adults. At least five genes (Wt1, Dhh, Sox8/Sox9, and Dax1) appear to be required for the maintenance of testis cord integrity in mice. Here, we report that RFX1 is specifically expressed ...
journal_title:Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mrd.22660
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have cloned and sequenced the bovine NALP9 cDNA, which contains a 2991 bp long open reading frame with 76% homology to its human counterpart. The putative 996 amino acids protein presents the domain organization typical of the Nacht, Leucine rich repeat and Pyrin domain containing (NALP) family that includes the ma...
journal_title:Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mrd.20298
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we document that the overall rate of protein synthesis decreases during in vitro maturation (IVM) of pig oocytes despite enhanced formation of the 5' cap structure eIF4F. Within somatic/interphase cells, formation of the eIF4F protein complex correlates very well with overall rates of protein translatio...
journal_title:Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mrd.20368
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An in vitro superfusion method was used to test sex hormone release from different kinds of ovarian follicle (growing follicles, postovulatory follicles, and atretic follicles) in the lizard Podarcis sicula sicula. Sex hormone output changes with the stage of follicle evolution and sexual cycle. Previtellogenetic foll...
journal_title:Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mrd.1080350307
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinase implicated in diverse cellular processes. Activity of GSK-3 is essential for meiotic chromatin segregation in oocytes, yet expression and/or function of GSK-3 have not been reported in mammalian preimplantation embryos. Objectives...
journal_title:Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mrd.20495
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Zona pellucida (ZP) glycoproteins have been proposed as candidate antigens for an immunocontraceptive vaccine. The efficacy of such a vaccine has to be evaluated in nonhuman primates, thus necessitating the characterization of their ZP glycoproteins. A bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata) ovarian cDNA lambda gt11 library wa...
journal_title:Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199806)50:2<229::AID-MRD14
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Ciona intestinalis, sperm penetration through the egg vitelline coat is an essential event of fertilization. We investigated whether trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like enzymes are involved in this event. Inhibitors and peptide substrates for chymotrypsin-like enzymes blocked the overall process of fertilization in a co...
journal_title:Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mrd.1080260405
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) hold great promise for cell-based therapies and drug screening applications. However, growing and processing large quantities of undifferentiated hESCs is a challenging task. Conventionally, hESCs are passaged as clusters, which can limit their growth efficiency and use in downstream...
journal_title:Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mrd.20809
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The localization of fibrillarin and nucleolin in the nuclei of mouse two-cell, four-cell, and eight-cell embryos has been studied using immunofluorescent staining with specific antibodies. In all of these cleavage stages, both antigens were associated exclusively with the peripheral region of the nucleolus precursor b...
journal_title:Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mrd.1080400306
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of adiponectin in the delayed embryonic development of Cynopterus sphinx. Adiponectin receptor (ADIPOR1) abundance was first observed to be lower during the delayed versus non-delayed periods of utero-embryonic unit development. The effects of adiponectin treatment on emb...
journal_title:Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mrd.22425
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinological pathology among women of reproductive age, and is characterized by abnormalities in ovarian angiogenesis, among other features. Consistent with this association, follicular fluid (FF) concentration and ovarian expression of vascular endothelial growt...
journal_title:Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mrd.22343
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the decrease of transcription and to determine the localization of RNA molecules during spermiogenesis in the fern Scolopendrium, we have used the enzyme-gold electron microscope method. During cell differentiation, the labeling decreases over the cytoplasm and increases over the nucleus. In the latter,...
journal_title:Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mrd.1080010108
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vitro oocyte maturation followed by in vitro fertilization (IVM/IVF) success in the domestic cat remains inferior to commonly studied livestock or laboratory species. The objectives here were (1) to histologically assess atresia status of freshly excised follicle/oocyte complexes, and (2) to evaluate taphonomic cha...
journal_title:Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199702)46:2<190::AID-MRD9>
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00