Abstract:
:Bloom's syndrome (BS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by genomic instability and cancer predisposition. The underlying genetic defect is mutation of the BLM gene, producing deficiency in the RecQ helicase BLM (Bloom's syndrome protein). The present article begins by introducing BLM and its binding partners before reviewing its known biochemical activities and its potential roles both as a pro-recombinase and as a suppressor of homologous recombination. Finally, the evidence for an emerging role in mitotic chromosome segregation is examined.
journal_name
Biochem Soc Transjournal_title
Biochemical Society transactionsauthors
Payne M,Hickson IDdoi
10.1042/BST0370553subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-06-01 00:00:00pages
553-9issue
Pt 3eissn
0300-5127issn
1470-8752pii
BST0370553journal_volume
37pub_type
杂志文章abstract::VEGFs (vascular endothelial growth factors) are master regulators of vascular development and of blood and lymphatic vessel function during health and disease in adults. This family of five mammalian ligands acts through three RTKs (receptor tyrosine kinases). In addition, co-receptors such as NRPs (neuropilins) assoc...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20110689
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Higher eukaryotes rely on AS (alternative splicing) of pre-mRNAs (mRNA precursors) to generate more than one protein product from a single gene and to regulate mRNA stability and translational activity. An important example of the latter function involves an interplay between AS and NMD (nonsense-mediated decay), a cy...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20140066
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The UPR (unfolded protein response) or ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress response was first described 20 years ago. The field of ER stress has expanded tremendously since, moving from basic biology in yeast to human neurodegenerative, inflammatory, cardiovascular and neoplastic diseases. The ER stress response has als...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0360909
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Changes in mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production may contribute to various pathologies, and even aging, given that over time and in certain conditions, they damage macromolecules and disrupt normal redox signalling. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants such as mitoQ, mitoVitE, and mitoTEMPO have open...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20190305
更新日期:2019-10-31 00:00:00
abstract::Recent progress in understanding the plant NE (nuclear envelope) has resulted from significant advances in identifying and characterizing the protein constituents of the membranes and nuclear pores. Here, we review recent findings on the membrane integral and membrane-associated proteins of the key domains of the NE, ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0380307
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extracellular electron transfer has, in one decade, emerged from an environmental phenomenon to an industrial process driver. On the one hand, electron transfer towards anodes leads to production of power or chemicals such as hydrogen, caustic soda and hydrogen peroxide. On the other hand, electron transfer from catho...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20120111
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microvesicles are shed constitutively, or upon activation, from both normal and malignant cells. The process is dependent on an increase in cytosolic Ca2+, which activates different enzymes, resulting in depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton and release of the vesicles. Drug resistance can be defined as the abili...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20120273
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neutrophils are very abundant, short-lived leucocytes and their death by apoptosis is central to homoeostasis and the resolution of inflammation, yet the trigger for apoptosis is still a topic of debate. Depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane has been supposed to initiate neutrophil spontaneous apoptosis, as neu...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0320461
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA damage is one of the most acute threats to cellular homeostasis and life. The cell responds to such damage by activating a vast array of responses, ranging from DNA repair to numerous signalling pathways, which temporarily slow down the cellular life cycle while the damage is being repaired. Sophisticated relays c...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/0300-5127:0290661
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::RNA pseudoknots are structural elements found in almost all classes of RNA. Pseudoknots form when a single-stranded region in the loop of a hairpin base-pairs with a stretch of complementary nucleotides elsewhere in the RNA chain. This simple folding strategy is capable of generating a large number of stable three-dim...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0360684
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) accumulates in acidocalcisomes, acidic calcium stores that have been found from bacteria to human cells. Proton pumps, such as the vacuolar proton pyrophosphatase (V-H(+)-PPase or VP1), the vacuolar proton ATPase (V-H(+)-ATPase) or both, maintain their acidity. A vacuolar transporter ch...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20150193
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the last 10 years, during the lifetime of the nitrogen cycle meetings, structural biology, coupled with spectroscopy, has had a major impact of our understanding enzymology of the nitrogen cycle. The three-dimensional structures for many of the key enzymes have now been resolved and have provided a wealth of info...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0330113
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclic nucleotide PDEs (phosphodiesterases) regulate cellular levels of cAMP and cGMP by controlling the rate of degradation. Several mammalian PDE isoforms possess N-terminal GAF (found in cGMP PDEs, Anabaena adenylate cyclases and Escherichia coli FhlA; where FhlA is formate hydrogen lyase transcriptional activator)...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0351032
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Complex biological machines arise from self-assembly on the basis of structural features programmed into sequence-specific macromolecules (i.e. polypeptides and polynucleotides) at the molecular level. As a consequence of the near-absolute control of macromolecular architecture that results from such sequence specific...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0370653
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review focuses on recent insights into the mechanisms and the biological functions of the proteasome. This large ATP-dependent proteolytic complex is the main site for protein degradation in mammalian cells and catalyses the rapid degradation of ubiquitinated proteins, and is the source of most antigenic peptides...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0350012
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is increasing appreciation among researchers and clinicians of the value of investigating biology and pathobiology at the level of cellular kinase (kinome) activity. Kinome analysis provides valuable opportunity to gain insights into complex biology (including disease pathology), identify biomarkers of critical ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20160163
更新日期:2017-02-08 00:00:00
abstract::IL (interleukin)-4 and IL-13 are key cytokines in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammatory disease. IL-4 and IL-13 share many functional properties as a result of their utilization of a common receptor complex comprising IL-13Ralpha1 (IL-13 receptor alpha-chain 1) and IL-4Ralpha. The second IL-13R (IL-13 receptor) ha...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0370873
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increased production of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) and altered processing of tau in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are associated with synaptic dysfunction, neuronal death and cognitive and behavioural deficits. Neuroinflammation is also a prominent feature of AD brain and considerable evidence indicates that inflammatory event...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20140155
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sister-chromatid cohesion, thought to be primarily mediated by the cohesin complex, is essential for chromosome segregation. The forces holding the two sisters resist the tendency of microtubules to prematurely pull sister DNAs apart and thereby prevent random segregation of the genome during mitosis, and consequent a...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0381639
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The inositol-depletion hypothesis was suggested to explain the therapeutic mechanism of mood-stabilizing drugs. Focus was previously on the phosphatidylinositol signalling pathway and on the regulatory roles of Ins(3,4,5)P(3) and DAG (diacylglycerol). Recent findings indicate that inositol and inositol-containing mole...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0371099
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::CRISPR base editing technology is a promising genome editing tool as (i) it does not require a DNA template to introduce mutations and (ii) it avoids creating DNA double-strand breaks, which can lead to unintended chromosomal alterations or elicit an unwanted DNA damage response. Given many cancers originate from poin...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20200550
更新日期:2021-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Photosynthesis is fundamental to biomass production, but is a dynamic process sensitive to environmental constraints. In recent years, approaches to increase biomass and grain yield by altering photosynthetically related processes in the plant have received considerable attention. However, improving biomass yield requ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20170296
更新日期:2018-04-17 00:00:00
abstract::Nitrogenase activity in Rhodospirillum rubrum is post-translationally regulated by DRAG (dinitrogenase reductase glycohydrolase) and DRAT (dinitrogenase reductase ADP-ribosylation transferase). When a sudden increase in fixed nitrogen concentration or energy depletion is sensed by the cells, DRAG is inactivated and DR...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0340160
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The immense power of the immune system is harnessed in healthy individuals by a range of negative regulatory signals and checkpoints. Manipulating these checkpoints through inhibition has resulted in striking immune-mediated clearance of otherwise untreatable tumours and metastases; unfortunately, not all patients res...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20150251
更新日期:2016-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::The statins are inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase (HMG-CoAR), and are utilized to decrease levels of atherogenic lipoproteins in patients with, or who are at high risk of, cardiovascular disease. This study describes the inhibition of a recombinant, catalytic fragment of human HMG-CoAR b...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0310528
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Starting shortly after parturition, and continuing throughout our lifetime, the gut microbiota coevolves with our metabolic and neurological programming. This symbiosis is regulated by a complex interplay between the host and environmental factors, including diet and lifestyle. Not surprisingly, the development of thi...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20191144
更新日期:2020-06-29 00:00:00
abstract::Other than signalling receptors sustaining leucocyte recruitment during inflammatory reactions, the chemokine system includes 'silent' receptors with distinct specificity and tissue distribution. The best-characterized molecule of this subgroup is the CC chemokine receptor D6, which binds most inflammatory CC chemokin...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0341014
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Numerous bacterial proteins involved in the nitrogen cycle, and other processes, require c-type haem as a cofactor. c-type cytochromes are formed by covalent attachment of haem to the conserved CXXCH motif. Here, we briefly review what is presently known about cytochrome c maturation in Bacillus subtilis with particul...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0330149
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The completely sequenced genome of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 contains several open reading frames, of which the deduced amino acid sequences show similarities to proteins known to be involved in FeS cluster synthesis of nitrogenase (Nif proteins) and other FeS proteins (Isc proteins). In this article, ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0290418
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although relatively few G-protein-coupled receptors are Class C, in recent years, this small family of receptors has become a focal point for the discovery of new and exciting allosteric modulators. The mGlu (metabotropic glutamate) receptors are illustrative in the discovery of both positive and/or negative allosteri...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0320881
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00