Abstract：
:Fipronil, a GABA(A) receptor antagonist, is replacing many insecticide uses formerly fulfilled by organophosphates like chlorpyrifos. Few studies have addressed the potential for fipronil to produce developmental neurotoxicity. We compared the neurotoxicity of fipronil and chlorpyrifos in undifferentiated and differentiating neuronotypic PC12 cells, evaluating indices of cell replication, cell number, differentiation, and viability for short- and long-term exposures. Fipronil inhibited DNA and protein synthesis in undifferentiated PC12 cells and evoked oxidative stress to a greater extent than did chlorpyrifos, resulting in reduced cell numbers even though cell viability was maintained. In differentiating cells, fipronil displayed an even lower threshold for disruption of development, reducing cell numbers without impairing cell growth, and promoting emergence of neurotransmitter phenotypes; superimposed on this effect, the phenotypic balance was shifted in favor of dopamine as opposed to acetylcholine. Differentiation also enhanced the susceptibility to fipronil-induced oxidative stress, although antioxidant administration failed to provide protection from cell loss. At low concentrations maintained for prolonged periods, fipronil had a biphasic effect on cell numbers, increasing them slightly at low concentrations, implying interference with apoptosis, while nevertheless reducing cell numbers at higher concentrations. Our results suggest that fipronil is inherently a more potent disruptor of neuronal cell development than is chlorpyrifos. The neurodevelopmental effects are not predicated on GABA(A) antagonist properties, since PC12 cells lack the GABA(A) receptor. If fipronil is intended to provide greater safety than chlorpyrifos, then this will have to entail advantages from factors that are yet unexamined: exposure, persistence, pharmacokinetics.
journal_name
Brain Res Bulljournal_title
Brain research bulletinauthors
Lassiter TL,MacKillop EA,Ryde IT,Seidler FJ,Slotkin TAdoi
10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.09.020subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-03-30 00:00:00pages
313-22issue
6eissn
0361-9230issn
1873-2747pii
S0361-9230(08)00343-2journal_volume
78pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Methoxetamine (MXE) is a novel psychoactive compound (NPS) that emerged in 2010 as a substitute for the dissociative anaesthetic ketamine. MXE has a reputation of carrying a lower risk of harm than ketamine, however a number of deaths have been reported. Currently very little is known about the psychopharmacological e...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.05.002
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tetramethylrhodamine-dextran is a highly fluorescent neuroanatomical tracer that, in its 10,000 MW form, has seen widespread use as a sensitive anterograde tract-tracing label. We report here the use of a lower molecular weight tetramethylrhodamine-dextran (3000 MW; Molecular Probes, OR) as an in vivo intracellular ma...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(94)90017-5
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The possible involvement of basal telencephalic structures in visually conditioned heart rate change (established by pairing light and foot-shock) was studied in 156 pigeons by evaluating conditioning performance following lesions of the septum or lobus parolfactorius. Extensive destruction of the septal complex had n...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(78)90098-9
更新日期：1978-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Somatostatin immunoreactive (SOM-I) perikarya were first observed in the ventral horn at E12, in the presumptive intermediate gray area at E14, and in the alar plate of the rostral spinal cord at E14. In general, after their initial appearance, their density increased and then decreased during development. A moderate ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(88)90125-6
更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists directly address cholinergic neurotransmission with potential impact on glutamatergic function, they are considered as potential new symptomatic treatment options for Alzheimer's disease compared to the indirectly operating acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as th...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2013.04.006
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Single-unit responses of preoptic-anterior hypothalamic (PO/AH) thermosensitive neurons to electrical stimulation of the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH: ventromedial and arcuate nuclei) have been studied in urethane-anesthetized male rats. About half of thermosensitive neurons (46.4% of 69 warm-units and 50% of 28 cold-...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(82)90095-8
更新日期：1982-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:According to recently published papers acylated-ghrelin (A-Ghr) modifies memory and learning. The basolateral nucleus of amygdala (ABL) participates in the regulation of memory and learning mechanisms. Previously we verified A-Ghr responsive neurons in the ABL by electrophysiological methods. In male Wistar rats effec...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.10.003
更新日期：2010-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Postmortem caudate and substantia nigra tissue samples from human parkinsonian patients (PD) and age-matched controls (NC) were analyzed for uric acid (UA), dopamine (DA), and ascorbic acid (AA) by HPLC/UV/ED. Uric acid and DA levels were significantly lower in the substantia nigra of PD by 54% and 85%, respectively. ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(94)90285-2
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Massively obese males often show symptoms of hypogonadism, but the mechanism for this is unclear. Increased endogenous opioid inhibition of the hypothalamic GnRH pulse generator resulting in insufficient stimulation of the pituitary gonadotroph has been proposed as a possible mechanism. If this hypothesis is correct, ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(94)90142-2
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability to form tight junctions and the paucity of fluid phase endocytosis showed by brain microvacular endothelial cells (BMECs) make up the structural basis of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Most studies on cultured BMECs focused on intercellular junctions, whereas endocytosis received lesser attention. We studi...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(97)00080-4
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In humans, perturbations in the developmental neuronal death leading to an excess of neurons could be associated with developmental neuropsychiatric disorders. Hu-bcl-2 transgenic mice appear to be a valuable tool to study the functional role of developmental programmed cell death. Indeed, the over-expression of the a...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(01)00639-6
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were made paraplegic by a complete transection of the spinal cord at lower thoracic level. One week later they were transplanted, below the level of the section, with a cell suspension prepared from the raphe region of 14-day embryos. After survival periods of 10 days to 1 year, the anim...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(89)90136-6
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inferior olive neurons, in brain slices maintained in vitro, display spontaneous, continuous oscillations of their membrane potential which are consonant with olivary rhythmic activity seen in vivo. This oscillatory behavior was studied with intracellular electrophysiological techniques. The 3-10 Hz rhythmicity of the...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(86)90089-4
更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of two diketopiperazines, Cyclo (His-Pro) (CHP) and Cyclo (Asp-Phe) (CAP), on striatal extracellular levels of dopamine (DA), dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were examined using in vivo microdialysis in anaesthetized rats. Treatment with ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(93)90171-7
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is considered a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the generation of presynaptic inhibition at central terminals of primary afferent fiber (PAF), while it has also been established that nitric oxide (NO) may sensitize the terminals of nocisponsive PAFs and enhance neuropeptide release,...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(01)00500-7
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The topographical distribution of glutamate uptake, GABA uptake, and GAD activity was studied in caudal, intermediate and rostral areas of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMN) and the of the solitary tract (NTS), dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMN) and the hypoglossal nu...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(85)90176-5
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Klotho, which is a life extension factor, and erythropoietin (EPO) have been introduced as effective neuroprotective factors in several neurological disorders. The present study is an attempt to examine the potential role of klotho and EPO in therapeutic effect of curcumin-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) in pentylenetetraz...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.08.010
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Effects of acute exposure (2 hr) to either 1.5% halothane or 0.5% methoxyflurane were investigated in the Sprague Dawley rat. Pituitary (PIT) and central nervous system (CNS) substance P (SP)-like and beta-endorphin (beta-end)-like immunoreactivities were evaluated immediately after anesthetic exposure (2 h), after ri...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(97)00436-x
更新日期：1998-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The C57BL/6J (B6) inbred mouse strain was compared to the A/J inbred strain for motor activity in an open-field, exploration of a hole-board, motor coordination in the coat-hanger test, and spatial learning in the Morris water maze. B6 mice displayed a higher number of segment crossings in the open-field and of hole-p...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(02)00782-7
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Psychoactive drug use occurs in essentially all human societies. A range of disciplines contribute to our understanding of the influence of drugs upon the human world. For example pharmacology and neuroscience analyse biological responses to drugs, sociology examines social influences upon people's decisions to use dr...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.04.008
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Effects of the selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, medetomidine, on a compound volley of a tibial nerve stimulation-evoked spinal reflex, pain-induced phrenic motor responses and on postoperative neuropathic pain behavior were studied in rats. Medetomidine (0.3 mg/kg) decreased the amplitude of the compound volley...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(94)00245-v
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the last 15 years, many publications described the use of peptide sequences that have been dubbed cell penetrating peptides (CPP), Trojan Horse peptides, protein transduction domains, or membrane-translocating sequences. These mostly positively charged domains bring attached cargo across biological membranes. One...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.08.015
更新日期：2005-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Efferent projections from the basal forebrain to the cat's cerebral cortex were traced with the retrograde horseradish peroxidase technique. Different areas of the cerebral cortex of 51 cats were injected with small amounts of horseradish peroxidase. The entire basal forebrain was screened for labeled neurons. Followi...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(84)90165-5
更新日期：1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigated the effects of neonatal unilateral adrenalectomy on the serotonin- (5-HT) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone-like immunoreactivities (TRH-LI) in the intermediolateral cell column (IML) of the rat spinal cord where the sympathetic preganglionic neurons innervating the adrenal medulla are located....
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(93)90091-o
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The olfactory bulbectomized (OBX) rat model of depression has been widely used in studies on the behavioral and neurochemical aspects of human depression. The objective of the present investigation was to assess open field (OF) activity and the brain regional 5-HT(1A) receptor densities of the sham operated (SHX) and ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.09.005
更新日期：2008-03-28 00:00:00
abstract：:The distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactive (LI) nerve cells and terminals (BST) was studied in the rat. Only the fusiform nucleus was found to consistently contain CGRP-LI neurons. The CRGP-LI terminals had a wide distribution in the BST, being most numerous in the oval and the fusi...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(91)90036-j
更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cocaine is a major stimulant drug which can have rewarding and locomotor activating effects. It is used by non-addicts to enhance concentration and performance in a work or social setting. It was suggested that cocaine may amplify the impact of mood and sensory stimulation on behaviour. Here we tested whether cocaine ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2010.12.015
更新日期：2011-02-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is administered to neonates worldwide, but it is still unknown whether this neonatal vaccination affects brain development during early postnatal life, despite the close association of the immune system with the brain. Newborn C57BL/6 mice were injected subcutaneously with BCG or phospha...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.10.012
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The interaction between nitric oxide (NO) and the release of [(3)H]noradrenaline ([(3)H]NA) in conditions of non-activated and activated nicotinic receptors in guinea-pig gastric fundus preincubated with [(3)H]NA was studied. Nicotinic receptor agonist, 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenyl-piperazinium iodide (DMPP) (100 microM) sig...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(99)00264-6
更新日期：2000-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Various hypotheses are reviewed concerning the mechanisms of feeding induced by insulin or 2DG. New data are presented to show that elevated plasma ketone levels are not sufficient to suppress 2DG feeding, suggesting that nourishment of the brain either does not occur or is not sufficient to stop 2DG feeding. We find ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(85)90111-x
更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00
