Abstract：
:Over the last 15 years, many publications described the use of peptide sequences that have been dubbed cell penetrating peptides (CPP), Trojan Horse peptides, protein transduction domains, or membrane-translocating sequences. These mostly positively charged domains bring attached cargo across biological membranes. One of the reasons for the interest in CPP is their potential as delivery tools to enhance the pharmacodynamics of drugs otherwise poorly bioavailable. In particular, the neuroscientist aiming to deliver a protein or other compound into the brain for analytical or therapeutic reasons is faced with the challenge that few drugs cross the blood-brain barrier. CPP are valuable tools to overcome the plasma membrane or the blood-brain barrier in basic research, and in relevant models of neural disease, and will hopefully help to increase the precious few treatments or even cures for people with diseases of the brain and nervous system. Here, we review applications in neuroscience and recent insights into the mechanism of CPP-mediated trafficking.
journal_name
Brain Res Bulljournal_title
Brain research bulletinauthors
Dietz GP,Bähr Mdoi
10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.08.015keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-12-15 00:00:00pages
103-14issue
1-2eissn
0361-9230issn
1873-2747pii
S0361-9230(05)00350-3journal_volume
68pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The glutamatergic system is an important target in many neurodegenerative diseases and for several neurotoxic drugs. Organotellurium compounds are often very good free radical scavengers' agents. Recently, we reported that diethyl-2-phenyl-2-tellurophenyl vinylphosphonate is a compound with low toxicity in vitro and i...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.12.008
更新日期：2008-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:We celebrate in 1998 the centenary of the discovery of the Golgi apparatus. Neurones have played a special role in the history of this cell organelle, primarily because the endocellular apparatus was discovered in nerve cells by Camillo Golgi when he was studying the cerebellum of an owl. In the following years, the a...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 传,历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(98)00080-x
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The conditions under which amyloid is toxic to primary rat hippocampal neurons were investigated. Synthetic A beta (1-42) peptide elicited neurotoxic activity following "aging" for 7 to 14 days at 37 degrees C in Modified Eagles Media. Neurotoxicity included decreases in neurite length, cell number, and a loss in 3-[4...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(95)02034-x
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Insulin release was examined in human subjects after lingual applications of D-glucose and its anomers. A dose-dependent increase in the insulin release was noted following the application of equilibrated D-glucose consisting of 36% alpha- and 64% beta-anomer. The response was not reproduced after administration of at...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(86)90126-7
更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During a single-step visual tracking task of monkeys, parametric changes of the wrist extension-flexion movement and related discharge rate changes of pyramidal tract neurons (PTNs) of hand-arm motor area were studied. The task consisted of preparatory, precontraction, contraction and target periods. If the displaceme...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(79)90289-2
更新日期：1979-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Male and female rats were treated daily for 7 days with mazindol (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg), an anorectic drug, and tested in the open field. Mazindol developed sensitization to its locomotor stimulatory effect in both sexes on day 7 with a nondose-dependent pattern of response. However, the locomotor activity appeared to ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(94)90034-5
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating subtype of stroke because it has few viable therapeutic options to intervene against primary or second brain injury. Recently, evidence has suggested that ferroptosis, a nonapoptotic form of cell death, is involved in ICH. In this study, we examined whether ICH-induced n...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.08.013
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine whether or not prolactin, as well as ACTH, was involved in the control of adrenal weight and steroid release, lesions in the median eminence which had previously resulted in impaired steroid release and atrophy of the adrenal were placed in animals in which the plasma prolactin was allowed to rise as a re...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(87)90066-9
更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have previously identified the neurotransmitter vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in nerve fibers of the immature rat ovary and showed that it stimulates steroid release by a mechanism involving increased synthesis of the components of the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme complex. The present experiments we...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(89)90077-4
更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Creatine kinase reaction rates were measured by the magnetisation transfer technique in brains of healthy adult and aged rats and in rats with chronic cerebral ischemia and chronic ethanol intoxication. These measurements indicated that the rate constant of the creatine kinase reaction is significantly reduced in the ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(00)00405-6
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study is a summary of investigations in the last decade with several collaborators on representatives of different vertebrate stocks. The results suggest that in the main vertebrate stocks (Agnathi, Chondrichthyes, Actinopterygii, Sarcopterygii-Amniotes), which had their parallel brain evolutions from the laminar...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(01)00713-4
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An enhanced production of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) now appears to underlie a number of hyperphagia syndromes. However, the role of NPY in the hyperphagia induced by hypothalamic lesions has not yet been explored. Here, hypothalamic lesions were induced in mice by administration of goldthioglucose (GTG) and br...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(92)90071-5
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We carried out a study to establish ribonucleic acid (RNA) content in the nucleus and cytoplasm of single neuronal cells from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of 3-30 month-old rats. Mean RNA content was calculated as the product of RNA concentration and nuclear or cytoplasmic surface. The analysis of neur...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(98)00015-x
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A significant pathological feature of refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is neuronal loss. Oxidative stress caused by repeated seizures is an important mechanism leading to neuronal loss in hippocampus. Nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) a coenzyme that is involved in many biochemical oxidation-reduction rea...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.11.019
更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) on the extracellular concentrations of GABA and acetylcholine in the prefrontal cortex of freely moving rats of different groups of age. Perfusion, through the microdialysis probe, of the agonist of mG...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2004.10.010
更新日期：2005-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The firing rate of the nerves innervating interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT), IBAT and colonic temperatures (TIBAT and Tc), heart rate, and oxygen (O2) consumption were monitored in urethane-anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats. These variables were measured for 40 min before (baseline values) and 40 min after...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(95)00032-a
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glutamate was found to be an excitatory neurotransmitter in the enteric nervous system. Although several lines of evidence indicate a role of glutamate in the regulation of gut motility and secretion the physiological significance of glutamatergic transmission is not clear yet. We studied the effect of glutamate on [3...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.05.011
更新日期：2005-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:In animal models of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, ethanol causes a number of changes in brain development, with many of these changes being very transient. This is especially true for the process of synaptogenesis in different brain areas. Our quantitative electron microscopic study of synaptogenesis in the molecular layer ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(88)90119-0
更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Specific angiotensin II (Ang II) binding sites are present in the dorsal medulla of several species, and dose-related cardiovascular effects are produced by microinjection of the peptide into this region. Because the anatomical location of Ang II binding sites in the area postrema (ap), nucleus tractus solitarii (nTS)...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(86)90217-0
更新日期：1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cats pretreated with morphine (5 mg/kg, IP) received naloxone into the area of the locus coeruleus (LC) or the area of the substantia nigra (SN). The LC-treated animals stopped the morphine-induced stereotyped behavior and showed normal but hyperactive behavior. The SN-treated animals, however, ceased their movements ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(79)80006-4
更新日期：1979-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Trisomy of the whole or distal part of human chromosome 21 (HSA 21) (Ts21) results in Down Syndrome (DS), which is characterized in part by mental retardation and associated neurological abnormalities. Structural abnormalities observed frequently include reduced brain weight, decreased number and depth of sulci in the...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(86)90074-2
更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The glucostatic theory supports the role of central and peripheral substrate "sensors" in monitoring cellular glucose metabolism. Induction of hyperphagia and hyperglycemia by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) delivery of drugs inhibiting glucose uptake or oxidation suggests that glucose "sensors" are accessible from t...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(99)00228-2
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of chemically and electrically-induced convulsions on the binding of [3H]Ro 5-4864 to peripheral benzodiazepine receptors (PBR) was studied in both peripheral tissues and the central nervous system (CNS). Acute, maximal electroshock (MES) increased the density of PBR in mouse cerebral cortex as evidenced b...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(87)90158-4
更新日期：1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The large neurons in the rat neostriatum consist of at least two morphologically distinct types in Golgi preparations: Type I large cells had smooth somata whereas type II large cells had somatic spines. In the present study, the ultrastructural morphology of the Golgi-stained large neostriatal neurons in the rat was ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(82)90091-0
更新日期：1982-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An evaluation of N,N-dipropargyl-2-phenylethylamine (DPGPEA) as a prodrug to increase brain levels of 2-phenylethylamine (PEA) was conducted in rats. A 0.1 mmol/kg (IP) dose of DPGPEA was administered and produced marked elevations of PEA levels in brain, liver and blood which were sustained for several hours. Ex vivo...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(87)90164-x
更新日期：1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Repeated intraventricular injection of the excitatory amino acids glutamate and aspartate for one hour produced morphologic changes in the hippocampus that were qualitatively identical to the acute and chronic changes seen in the brains of human epileptics and in experimental animals in which hippocampal seizure activ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(85)90059-0
更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prey-catching behavior (PCB) of the frog consists of a sequence of coordinated activity of muscles which is modified by various sensory signals. The aim of the present study was, for the first time, to examine the involvement of the trigeminal afferents in the swallowing phase of PCB. Experiments were performed on Ran...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2013.09.006
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microtubule associated proteins are a heterogeneous group of proteins that have been implicated in regulating microtubule stability. They play an important role in the organisation of the neuronal cytoskeleton during neurite outgrowth, plasticity and regeneration. The fish visual system presents a considerable degree ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(01)00618-9
更新日期：2001-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Medial preoptic axons were traced into the diagonal band of Broca and septum, particularly lateral septum. Other labeled fibers could be followed dorsally from medial preoptic area injections adjacent to the stria medullaris, and in the periventricular fiber system and the stria terminalis and its bed nucleus. The ant...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(80)90167-7
更新日期：1980-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The influence on pain processing caused by destruction or stimulation of the dorsal reticular nucleus (DRt) was studied using the tail-flick and the increasing temperature hot-plate tests. Lesions of the DRt were obtained by injecting quinolinic acid (180 nmol/microliters) unilaterally or bilaterally, and nociceptive ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(95)02027-6
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
