Abstract:
:Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) has been shown to recognize several classes of pathogen-associated molecular patterns including peptidoglycan (PG). However, studies linking PG with TLR2 recognition have relied mainly on the use of commercial Staphylococcus aureus PG and have not addressed TLR2 recognition of other PG types. Using highly purified PGs from eight bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Helicobacter pylori, Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae and S. aureus), we show that these PGs are not sensed through TLR2, TLR2/1 or TLR2/6. PG sensing is lost after removal of lipoproteins or lipoteichoic acids (LTAs) from Gram-negative and Gram-positive cell walls, respectively. Accordingly, purified LTAs are sensed synergistically through TLR2/1. Finally, we show that elicited peritoneal murine macrophages do not produce tumour necrosis factor-alpha or interleukin-6 in response to purified PGs, suggesting that PG detection is more likely to occur intracellularly (through Nod1/Nod2) rather than from the extracellular compartment.
journal_name
EMBO Repjournal_title
EMBO reportsauthors
Travassos LH,Girardin SE,Philpott DJ,Blanot D,Nahori MA,Werts C,Boneca IGdoi
10.1038/sj.embor.7400248keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-10-01 00:00:00pages
1000-6issue
10eissn
1469-221Xissn
1469-3178pii
7400248journal_volume
5pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
EMBO REPORTS文献大全abstract::A number of gene silencing phenomena that inactivate genes at the post-transcriptional level have been identified. Due to its potential for studying gene function, post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) has become an intense area of research. In this review we describe the different means of inducing PTGS and disc...
journal_title:EMBO reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/embo-reports/kve231
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A variety of nuclear localization signals (NLSs) are experimentally known although only one motif was available for database searches through PROSITE. We initially collected a set of 91 experimentally verified NLSs from the literature. Through iterated 'in silico mutagenesis' we then extended the set to 214 potential ...
journal_title:EMBO reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/embo-reports/kvd092
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::KCC2, encoded in humans by the SLC12A5 gene, is a multifunctional neuron-specific protein initially identified as the chloride (Cl- ) extruder critical for hyperpolarizing GABAA receptor currents. Independently of its canonical function as a K-Cl cotransporter, KCC2 regulates the actin cytoskeleton via molecular inter...
journal_title:EMBO reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15252/embr.201948880
更新日期:2020-04-03 00:00:00
abstract::The p53 tumour suppressor protein has a crucial role in cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Previous reports show that the p53 messenger RNA is translated to produce an amino-terminal-deleted isoform (DeltaN-p53) from an internal initiation codon, which acts as a dominant-negative inhibitor of full-length p53. Here, we s...
journal_title:EMBO reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400623
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::PTIP regulates gene transcription by controlling the methylation of histone H3, and also has important roles in cellular responses to DNA damage or to perturbed DNA replication. The available data suggest that the functions of PTIP in transcription and preserving genome stability might be independent and mediated by f...
journal_title:EMBO reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/embor.2009.21
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Expression of the tight junction protein junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) has been linked to proliferation and tumour progression. However, a direct role for JAM-A in regulating proliferative processes has not been shown. By using complementary in vivo and in vitro approaches, we demonstrate that JAM-A restricts...
journal_title:EMBO reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/embor.2011.16
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The modification of proteins by the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is known to regulate an increasing array of cellular processes. SUMOylation of the mitochondrial fission GTPase dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) stimulates mitochondrial fission, suggesting that SUMOylation has an important function in mitochondr...
journal_title:EMBO reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/embor.2009.86
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The final irreversible step in the duplication and distribution of genomes to daughter cells takes place at the metaphase to anaphase transition. At this point aligned sister chromatid pairs split and separate. During metaphase, cohesion between sister chromatids is maintained by the chromosomal multi-subunit cohesin ...
journal_title:EMBO reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/embo-reports/kve113
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Paxillin is a protein containing four LIM domains, and functions in integrin signaling. We report here that two transcripts are generated from the paxillin gene locus in Drosophila; one encodes a protein homolog of the vertebrate Paxillin (DPxn37), and the other a protein with only three LIM domains, partly encoded by...
journal_title:EMBO reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/embo-reports/kve178
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mu bacteriophage inserts its DNA into the genome of host bacteria and is used as a model for DNA transposition events in other systems. The eukaryotic Ku protein has key roles in DNA repair and in certain transposition events. Here we show that the Gam protein of phage Mu is conserved in bacteria, has sequence homolog...
journal_title:EMBO reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.embor.embor709
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate target mRNAs by silencing them. Reciprocally, however, target mRNAs can also modulate miRNA stability. Here, we uncover a remarkable efficacy of target RNA-directed miRNA degradation (TDMD) in rodent primary neurons. Coincident with degradation, and while still bound to Argonaute, targeted ...
journal_title:EMBO reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15252/embr.201540078
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oncogenic signals contribute to enhanced glycolysis and mTORC1 activity, leading to rapid cell proliferation in cancer. Regulation of glycolysis and mTORC1 by PI3K/Akt signaling is well established, but how KRAS-induced MEK signaling regulates these pathways remains poorly understood. Here, we report a role for MEK-dr...
journal_title:EMBO reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15252/embr.201847451
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acetaminophen/paracetamol-induced liver failure--which is induced by the binding of reactive metabolites to mitochondrial proteins and their disruption--is exacerbated by fasting. As fasting promotes SIRT3-mediated mitochondrial-protein deacetylation and acetaminophen metabolites bind to lysine residues, we investigat...
journal_title:EMBO reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/embor.2011.121
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein kinase D (PKD) mediates the actions of stimuli that promote diacylglycerol (DAG) biogenesis. By phosphorylating effectors that regulate transcription, fission and polarized transport of Golgi vesicles, as well as cell migration and survival after oxidative stress, PKDs substantially expand the range of physiol...
journal_title:EMBO reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/embor.2011.139
更新日期:2011-07-08 00:00:00
abstract::N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a highly dynamic RNA modification that has recently emerged as a key regulator of gene expression. While many m6A modifications are installed by the METTL3-METTL14 complex, others appear to be introduced independently, implying that additional human m6A methyltransferases remain to be ident...
journal_title:EMBO reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15252/embr.201744940
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The high-mobility-group B (HMGB) chromosomal proteins are characterized by the HMG box, a DNA-binding domain that both introduces a tight bend into DNA and binds preferentially to a variety of distorted DNA structures. The HMGB proteins seem to act primarily as architectural facilitators in the manipulation of nucleop...
journal_title:EMBO reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/sj.embor.embor741
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regulated intramembrane proteolysis of the amyloid precursor-protein (APP) produces both a characterstic amyloid-β peptide that contributes to neuritic plaque formation and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer disease and a small APP intracellular domain (AICD) that transcriptionally activates genes implicated in Alzheimer ...
journal_title:EMBO reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/embor.2010.210
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cellular response to DNA breaks is influenced by chromatin compaction. To identify chromatin regulators involved in the DNA damage response, we screened for genes that affect recovery following DNA damage using an RNAi library of chromatin regulators. We identified genes involved in chromatin remodeling, sister ch...
journal_title:EMBO reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15252/embr.201948460
更新日期:2020-01-07 00:00:00
abstract::Many human diseases owe their pathology, to some degree, to the erroneous conversion of proteins from their soluble state into fibrillar, β-structured aggregates, often referred to as amyloid fibrils. Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer and spongiform encephalopathies, as well as type 2 diabetes and both loc...
journal_title:EMBO reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/embor.2011.116
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The crucial role of ubiquitin signalling in genome-integrity maintenance was first recognized in 1987 by Stefan Jentsch and Alex Varshavsky, who showed that Rad6-the repair protein involved in DNA damage tolerance-is a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. Although this discovery inspired extensive research and led to the dis...
journal_title:EMBO reports
pub_type:
doi:10.1038/embor.2010.180
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the past years, yeasts have been successfully established as models to study the mechanisms of apoptotic regulation. We recently showed that mutations in the LSM4 gene, which is involved in messenger RNA decapping, lead to increased mRNA stability and apoptosis in yeast. Here, we show that mitochondrial functio...
journal_title:EMBO reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400514
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibiotic resistance is a grave threat for public health. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance could lead to new drugs and therapeutic strategies against resistant pathogens. ...
journal_title:EMBO reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15252/embr.202050249
更新日期:2020-04-03 00:00:00
abstract::Most solid human tumours are aneuploid, that is, they contain an abnormal number of chromosomes. Paradoxically, however, aneuploidy has been reported to induce a stress response that suppresses cellular proliferation in vitro. Here, we review the progress in our understanding of the causes and effects of aneuploidy in...
journal_title:EMBO reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/embor.2012.55
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ubiquitylation is an essential post-translational modification that regulates numerous cellular processes, most notably protein degradation. Ubiquitin can itself be phosphorylated at nearly every serine, threonine, and tyrosine residue. However, the effect of this modification on ubiquitin function is largely unknown....
journal_title:EMBO reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15252/embr.201540298
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gastrointestinal tract undergoes homeostatic self-renewal to replace aged and damaged epithelial cells. This process, sustained by intestinal stem cells (ISCs), can operate accurately for many years but gradually declines with age. Although stem cell aging has been intensively explored, the mechanisms remain poorl...
journal_title:EMBO reports
pub_type: 评论,新闻
doi:10.15252/embr.202051175
更新日期:2020-08-05 00:00:00
abstract::Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the master regulator of angiogenesis, whose best-understood mechanism is sprouting. However, therapeutic VEGF delivery to ischemic muscle induces angiogenesis by the alternative process of intussusception, or vascular splitting, whose molecular regulation is essentially unk...
journal_title:EMBO reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15252/embr.201745054
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), the deficiency of which causes a severe neurodegenerative disease, is a crucial mediator for the DNA damage response (DDR). As neurons have high rates of transcription that require topoisomerase I (TOP1), we investigated whether TOP1 cleavage complexes (TOP1cc)-which are potent tra...
journal_title:EMBO reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/embor.2009.97
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several studies have shown that ribosomal proteins (RPs) are important mediators of p53 activation in response to nucleolar disruption; however, the pathways that control this signalling function of RPs are currently unknown. We have recently shown that RPs are targets for the ubiquitin-like molecule NEDD8, and that N...
journal_title:EMBO reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/embor.2009.178
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::RNA editing in plant organelles is mediated by site-specific, nuclear-encoded factors. Previous data suggested that the maintenance of these factors depends on the presence of their rapidly evolving cognate sites. The surprising ability of allotetraploid Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) to edit a foreign site in the chloro...
journal_title:EMBO reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400619
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mitochondrial matrix protease CLPP plays a central role in the activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR(mt)) in Caenorhabditis elegans Far less is known about mammalian UPR(mt) signaling, although similar roles were assumed for central players, including CLPP To better understand the mammalia...
journal_title:EMBO reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15252/embr.201642077
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00