Abstract:
:Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and calcium receptors (CaR) are closely related G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The similar structural and functional properties of mGluRs and CaRs include conserved amino acid residues involved in glutamate binding in mGluRs and Ca2+ binding in the CaR. Furthermore, recent findings have demonstrated that mGluRs can respond to high extracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+(o)) whereas CaR activity is potentiated by L-amino acids. We show that both mGluR1 and mGluR2 are activated by Ca2+(o) in the absence of glutamate in the extracellular media. This activation by Ca2+(o) is antagonized by Mg2+(o). Unlike the CaR, in which the intracellular carboxyl tail has been reported to be involved in Ca2+(o)-dependent activity, the carboxyl tail of mGluRs does not seem to play a role in mediating Ca2+(o) actions. On the other hand, we find that preservation of disulfide bonds in the N-terminal extracellular domain of mGluRs is essential for stimulation by Ca2+(o) as well as glutamate. Because the mGluR1 EC50 for Ca2+(o) is within the physiologic range of Ca2+ in the synaptic cleft, mGluR function is likely regulated by changes in divalent cations caused by synaptic activity under normal or pathologic conditions.
journal_name
J Neurosci Resjournal_title
Journal of neuroscience researchauthors
Francesconi A,Duvoisin RMdoi
10.1002/jnr.10853keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-02-15 00:00:00pages
472-9issue
4eissn
0360-4012issn
1097-4547journal_volume
75pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Ionotropic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonists, L-aspartic acid (L-Asp) and NMDA, have been shown to inhibit histamine-stimulated acid secretion, but their effect on gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF) is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether L-Asp and NMDA inhibit histamine-stimula...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.20202
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The extracellular matrix surrounds different neuronal compartments in the mature nervous system. In a variety of vertebrates, most brain regions are loaded with a distinct type of extracellular matrix around the somatodendritic part of neurons, termed perineuronal nets. The present study reports that chondrotin sulfat...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.22761
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibody-producing hybridoma cells specifically bind to microgram quantities of antigen molecules adsorbed onto the surface of plastic microtiter plates. The binding of hybridoma cells to nonantigen is optimally below 5%, similar binding of non-antibody-producing cells is 4-7%, compared to the binding of the hybridoma...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490150312
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::High levels of the proto-oncogene product, pp60c-src, have been found in developing and adult neural tissues as well as in certain fully mature cells of the hematopoietic lineage, e.g., platelets and myelomonocytes. Adrenal medullary chromaffin cells exhibit characteristics of both types of cells, i.e., they are deriv...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490240107
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fetal low brain oxygenation may be an outcome of maternal complications during pregnancy and is associated with increased risk of cerebral palsy and periventricular leukomalacia in newborns. One treatment used for prevention of fetal brain damage is maternal treatment with MgSO(4). Although this treatment is indicated...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.20269
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Within the parenchyma of the CNS, the endothelium of all vessels is surrounded by a layer of cells, pericytes in capillaries and periendothelial or intima smooth muscle cells in other vessels. The origin of these cell types, their relationship, and their role are unclear. However, it has been recently shown that genet...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. A deficiency of GABAergic inhibition mediated via the GABAA receptor complex has for a long time been suspected to be a central factor in epileptogenesis. Status epilepticus is a condition of sustained and prolonged excitation of...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19981215)54:6<863::AID-JNR
更新日期:1998-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Changes in gene expression were examined in the brain of mice treated with a drug of abuse, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, also called Ecstasy). Frontal cortex and midbrain mRNA, analyzed by differential display polymerase chain reaction (DD-PCR) method, showed an altered expression of several cDNAs, 11 of w...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.10571
更新日期:2003-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Stroke is not only a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide it also disproportionally affects women. There are currently over 500,000 more women stroke survivors in the US than men, and elderly women bear the brunt of stroke-related disability. Stroke has dropped to the fifth leading cause of death in men,...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jnr.23962
更新日期:2017-01-02 00:00:00
abstract::A number of cytokines and growth factors may affect astrocyte proliferation and functions. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) is a pleiotropic cytokine which exerts multiple effects on growth and differentiation of different cell types. TGF-beta 1 is present in low amounts in the normal brain. TGF-beta 1 g...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490400114
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) such as intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder consistently show a male bias in prevalence, but it remains unclear why males and females are affected with different frequency. While many behavioral studies of transgenic NDD models have focused only on males, the requir...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jnr.24577
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This Review describes the current status of poststroke epilepsy (PSE) with an emphasis on poststroke epileptogenesis modeling for testing new therapeutic agents. Stroke is a leading cause of epilepsy in an aging population. Late-onset "epileptic" seizures have been reported in up to 30% cases after stroke. Nevertheles...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jnr.23836
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four major discoveries on the function of the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) have significantly advanced our understanding of the role of arousal in neurodegenerative disorders. The first was the finding that stimulation of the PPN-induced controlled locomotion on a treadmill in decerebrate animals, the second was the...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jnr.24417
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cell line PC12, derived from a rat pheochromocytoma, has served as a model for studies on the mechanism of action of nerve growth factor, as well as for the exploration of neuronal differentiation in general. When treated with nanomolar concentrations of nerve growth factor, these neoplastic chromaffin-like cells ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490280405
更新日期:1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oligodendrocytes generate and maintain myelin, which is essential for axonal function and protection of the mammalian central nervous system. To advance our molecular understanding of differentiation by these cells, we screened libraries of pharmacologically active compounds and identified inducers of differentiation ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.22434
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A rodent model of Parkinson's disease, the 1-methyl-4-(2'-methylphenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine treated mouse, was used to determine whether striatal dopamine levels recover following grafting adrenal medulla into the striatum. Four types of grafts were performed: 1) adult mouse adrenal medulla, 2) adult adrenal me...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490250303
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immature and mature rat astroglia in culture were assayed for glutamine synthetase (GS) activity after a single exposure to the epileptogen FeCl2. Cells were cultured with both standard and elevated extracellular potassium or glutamate (Glu) concentrations. FeCl2 reduced GS activity below control levels, whereas high ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490240408
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recent recognition that the p75 neurotrophin receptor, p75((NTR)), can induce apoptotic signals has contributed to the perception that it acts primarily as a death receptor. Although the molecular mechanisms of p75(NTR) signaling remain to be fully characterized, many of the currently identified pathways activated...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/1097-4547(20000801)61:3<237::AID-JNR1>3.0.
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evidence indicates that the ubiquitin-proteasome system and the endoplasmic retculum (ER) quality-control system work in concert to ensure that proteins are correctly folded in the ER and that misfolded proteins are retrotransported to the cytosol for degradation by proteasomes. Dysfunction of either system results in...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.23413
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::To study the sequence of degenerative events possibly associated with cholinergic cell death in Alzheimer's disease, septal cholinergic neurons derived from rat embryonic brains were exposed to chronic excitotoxic stress by glutamate. Counts of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-immunopositive neurons and measurement of...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490400608
更新日期:1995-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::The olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) is a unique glial cell able to support neurite outgrowth in the CNS throughout life. The OEC has been described as having both Schwann cell-like and astrocyte-like characteristics. The purpose of this study was to compare gap junctional communication and connexin (Cx) expression in...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.1182
更新日期:2001-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::This investigation explores the central nervous system protein-synthetic responses to hemisection of the spinal cord. Adult male rats hemisected at mid T2 were given intravenous injections of 14C-leucine at 0.7, 30, or 70 days postoperative. Four hours later the T1, T2, T3, and C6 segments of the spinal cord and right...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490010107
更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phosphorylative neuromodulation of the regulatory subunit of protein kinase type II (R-II) in cytosolic fractions from denervated and sham-operated, contralateral soleus muscles of the rat was evaluated. The denervation-induced increase in the 32P-phosphorylation of R-II is not related to an increased dephosphoryl...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490140208
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clusterin (apolipoprotein J) is a highly conserved, multifunctional, vertebrate glycoprotein. Several isoforms of clusterin have been described including the predominant secreted isoform (sCLU) and several nuclear isoforms (nCLU) associated with cell death. sCLU has been shown to bind a variety of partly unfolded, str...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.20374
更新日期:2005-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::The existence of endogenous neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in the adult spinal cord (sc) provides the potential for tailored repair therapies after spinal cord injury (SCI). This study investigates the impact of inflammatory mediators on properties of NPC cultures derived from adult rats after SCI. The Infinite Horizo...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.23527
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of intracellular proteases (e.g., calpains and caspases) in the pathophysiology of neuronal cell death has been extensively investigated. More recently, accumulating data have suggested that extracellular proteolysis also plays a critical role. The two major systems that modify the extracellular matrix in bra...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jnr.10270
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Systemic osmotic homeostasis is regulated mainly by neuroendocrine system of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) in mammalians. In the present study, we demonstrated that the immunoreactivity of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) was observed specifically at neurosecretory granules of AVP-positive magnocellular terminals and t...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.22370
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disorder of unknown etiology. Both genetic-susceptibility and environment exposures, including vitamin D deficiency, Epstein-Barr viral and Herpesvirus (HHV-6) infections are strongly implicated in the activation of T cells and MS-pathogenesis. Despite precis...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jnr.24322
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A Schwann cell line (MSC 80) was established from purified mouse Schwann cell cultures using large doses of serum. MSC 80 cell line is an aneuploid cell line which has a doubling time of 17 hr and has been maintained through more than 110 passages. Most of MSC 80 cells are of bipolar or stellate (3-5 processes) shape....
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490320103
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rho-GTPase has been implicated in the apoptosis of many cell types, including neurons, but the mechanism by which it acts is not fully understood. Here, we investigate the roles of Rho and ROCK in apoptosis during transplantation of embryonic stem cell-derived neural precursor cells. We find that dissociation of neura...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.21502
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00